劉 偉
一、由it構(gòu)成的強調(diào)句式的結(jié)構(gòu)與用法
本單元的語法重點是學(xué)習(xí)it在強調(diào)句中的用法。it用作強調(diào)詞,構(gòu)成強調(diào)句型,用以幫助改變句子的結(jié)構(gòu),其句型為“It is/was+被強調(diào)部分+that(who)+其他”。此時it是標(biāo)志,沒有實際意義。而且強調(diào)句型中的引導(dǎo)詞that不可省略。該句型通??捎脕韽娬{(diào)句子的主語、賓語、狀語、補語等,但不能強調(diào)句子的謂語動詞。強調(diào)的主語如果是人,that可以由who換用;強調(diào)時間狀語、地點狀語、原因狀語等其他成分均用引導(dǎo)詞that。例如:
It was Xiao Yang who (that) met your sister in the zoo yesterday.
是小楊昨天在動物園遇見了你姐姐。(強調(diào)主語)
It was in the zoo that Xiao Yang met your sister yesterday.
小楊昨天是在動物園遇見你姐姐的。(強調(diào)地點狀語)
It was your sister that Xiao Yang met in the zoo yesterday.
小楊昨天在動物園遇見的是你姐姐。(強調(diào)賓語)
It was yesterday that Xiao Yang met your sister in the zoo.
小楊是昨天在動物園遇見你姐姐的。(強調(diào)時間狀語)
二、it構(gòu)成的強調(diào)句式中需要注意的問題
1.強調(diào)句在強調(diào)主語時,that/who后邊的動詞和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。例如:
It is my parents who/that are singing in the next room.
在隔壁房間唱歌的是我的父母。
It is I who/that am going for a holiday with Mike.
是我打算和邁克一起度假。
2.如果強調(diào)疑問詞,應(yīng)該把疑問詞放在句首。例如:
When is it that well hold a meeting? 什么時候我們開個會?
Who was it that called me yesterday evening?
是誰昨天晚上給我打電話了?
3.it引導(dǎo)的強調(diào)句不能用來強調(diào)條件狀語從句和讓步狀語從句;可強調(diào)because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句,卻不能強調(diào)as, since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句,可強調(diào)so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句,卻不能強調(diào)so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。以下幾種說法都是錯誤的:
It is if it rains that we wont go out.(×)
It is since everyone is here that lets begin the meeting.(×)
It was so that we didnt finish the task on time that we didnt plan our time well.(×)
4.“It is/was not until+被強調(diào)部分+that…”可以看作是not…until的強調(diào)形式,強調(diào)時間狀語,必須注意一定要將not until一起提到強調(diào)部分,且主句不需要倒裝。例如:
It was not until yesterday morning that he told us the news.
直到昨天早晨他才把那個消息告訴我們。
(原句為:He didnt tell us the news until yesterday morning.)
5.強調(diào)句中的謂語動詞be可以演變?yōu)閙ight be或must have been等形式。例如:
It might be tomorrow that we should arrive. 可能是明天我們才到達(dá)。
It must have been in the library that you met her.
一定是在圖書館你遇到了她。
6. 在強調(diào)句型中去掉It is/was…that/who這幾個標(biāo)志詞之后,在不添詞、不減詞的前提下能重新排列成一個完整的句子,這也是區(qū)別強調(diào)句型和某些以it開頭含有定語從句或狀語從句的復(fù)合句的依據(jù)。