王中鋒
近年來(lái)高考試題中完形填空題所涉及的知識(shí)面不斷拓寬,綜合難度不斷提高,它特別要求考生能根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境或生活常識(shí)或文化背景,從整體上把握文章的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系,選出適合語(yǔ)境和文意的選項(xiàng)。下面以NMET 2007(山東卷)完形填空為例,談?wù)勅绾蝹淇?008年完形填空題。
一、試題特點(diǎn)
1. 2007山東卷完形填空選材為一篇自述性的記敘文,語(yǔ)言地道,結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),層次分明,邏輯性強(qiáng),考生需要把握人物行為活動(dòng)以及人物心理活動(dòng)的描寫。文章閱讀量為278詞(含選項(xiàng)),篇幅與去年持平,題目難度適中,每道題都不是測(cè)試單純的語(yǔ)法,而是與文意和脈絡(luò)聯(lián)系,試題真正做到了在語(yǔ)境中考查考生運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的能力。
2. 試題遵循“以實(shí)詞為主,虛詞為輔,突出詞匯語(yǔ)境化”的命題原則。實(shí)詞中側(cè)重于
名詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞和形容詞的考查,同時(shí)也兼顧連詞、代詞等虛詞的考查。試題以情景意義選擇為主,常識(shí)、慣用語(yǔ)、語(yǔ)法分析為輔。以意群分析為主,單句理解為輔,以逾越句子層次理解為主,以句子層次理解為輔,這一命題思路正好反映了高考英語(yǔ)“突出語(yǔ)篇,注重語(yǔ)境”的命題風(fēng)格與考查要求。
3. 試題題型穩(wěn)定,題目設(shè)計(jì)巧妙
NMET 2007(山東卷)完形填空試題從短文的長(zhǎng)度、閱讀量、讀速以及設(shè)空的平均間隔來(lái)看,與2006年山東卷的完形填空相似,體現(xiàn)了“穩(wěn)定中求發(fā)展”的命題指導(dǎo)思想。在題目的設(shè)計(jì)上充分考慮了文章的深層意義和選項(xiàng)之間的可比性以及考生可能進(jìn)入的思維誤區(qū)。選項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)靈活巧妙,干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)計(jì)獨(dú)具匠心,能起到一定的干擾作用。
二、試題解析
Life is filled with challenges. As we get older we________realize that those challenges are the very things that__37__us and make us who we are. It is the same with the challenges that come with__38__. When we are faced with a challenge, we usually have two__39__. We can try to beat it off, or we can decide that the thing__40__the challenge isnt worth the__41__and call it quits. Although there are certainly__42__when calling it quits is the right thing to do, in most__43__all that is needed is__44__and communicable.
When we are committed to something, it means that no matter how__45__or how uncomfortable something is, we will always choose to__46__it through instead of running away from it. Communication is making a__47__for discussion and talking about how you feel as opposed to just saying what the other person did wrong.__48__you can say to a friend, “I got my feelings hurt,”__49__“You hurt my feelings,” you are going to be able to solve the problem much faster. In dealing with many challenges that friendship will bring to you, try to see them for__50__they are: small hurdles you need to jump or__51__on your way through life. Nothing is so big that it is__52__to get over, and hurt only__53__to make us stronger. It is all part of growing up, it__54__to everyone, and some day you will__55__all of this and say, “Hard as it was, it made me who I am today. And that is a good thing.”
36. A. seem toB. come to
C. hope toD. try to
37. A. designB. promote
C. directD. shape
38. A. confidenceB. pressure
C. friendshipD. difficulty
39. A. opportunitiesB. expectations
C. choicesD. aspects
40. A. demandingB. deserving
C. predictingD. presenting
41. A. commentB. loss
C. trouble D. expense
42. A. spansB. times
C. datesD. ages
43. A. casesB. fields
C. partsD. occasions
44. A. assessmentB. commitment
C. encouragementD. adjustment
45. A. doubtfulB. shameful
C. harmfulD. painful
46. A. keepB. control
C. faceD. catch
47. A. spaceB. plan
C. topicD. room
48. A. IfB. As
C. WhileD. Unless
49. A. other thanB. rather than
C. or ratherD. or else
50. A. whatB. who
C. where D. which
51. A. pass byB. come across
C. get throughD. run over
52. A. unnecessaryB. necessary
C. impossibleD. possible
53. A. servesB. means
C. aimsD. attempts
54. A. opensB. appeals
C. goesD. happens
55. A. look down onB. look back on
C. look forward toD. look up to
【答案與解析】
36. B。come to do sth.表示“逐漸干某事”,強(qiáng)調(diào)變化過(guò)程。
37. D。根據(jù)后面who we are和make可以確定用shape,意思是“使……成形”。
38. C。根據(jù)下文提到友誼帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)可以確定此處是friendship.
39. C。根據(jù)后面兩句we can try to beat it off, or we can decide ...可知是做出的“選擇”。
40. D。指“提出”挑戰(zhàn)的東西。
41. C。根據(jù)后面的quit可以確定是trouble(麻煩),不值得麻煩(去回答)才停止?fàn)幊车摹?/p>
42. B。雖然四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是表示時(shí)間的名詞,但是根據(jù)上下文,此處表示的是“時(shí)刻、時(shí)候”。
43. A。in most cases 的意思是“在大多數(shù)情況下”。
44. B。commitment是“義務(wù),承諾”的意思。
45. D。連詞or是解釋說(shuō)明,所以空格處應(yīng)該是uncomfortable的同義詞。
46. C。根據(jù)instead of可知句子的意思是:不是逃避而是要面對(duì)。
47. A。
48. A。連接詞表示條件,是“假如,假設(shè)”的意思。
49. B。說(shuō)前者而不是說(shuō)后者。
50. A。連接詞在介詞for后引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺少表語(yǔ),所以用what。
51. C。動(dòng)詞不定式的形式和jump并列,在有欄桿的情況下,要通過(guò)除了跳躍就是從欄下通過(guò),所以用get through。
52. C。句意為:沒(méi)有什么東西大得不可能解決不了。
53. A。serve在此處是“可作……用”的意思,means作“意味”的意思,后跟動(dòng)名詞,不跟不定式。
54. D。人人都會(huì)發(fā)生這樣的事情。
55. B。該短語(yǔ)是“回顧,回憶”的意思。
三、備考建議
1. 必須注重常用詞、詞組、習(xí)語(yǔ)和句型的積累;掌握一定量的同義詞、近義詞并能在不同語(yǔ)境中加以辨析。
2. 在閱讀和解題時(shí)必須注意研究語(yǔ)境,把握語(yǔ)篇,培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感。完形填空題考查的重點(diǎn)是在準(zhǔn)確理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)上下文信息進(jìn)行推理判斷以得出最佳答案。
3. 應(yīng)該指導(dǎo)學(xué)生讀一些組篇手法靈活、信息量大、內(nèi)涵豐富、文化色彩濃厚的文章。讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)透過(guò)表層抓住本質(zhì),學(xué)會(huì)識(shí)別和理解復(fù)雜的文章結(jié)構(gòu),從而感受文章意境。
4. 精選練習(xí),擅于總結(jié)。應(yīng)該有計(jì)劃、有步驟,由簡(jiǎn)到難、由短到長(zhǎng)地進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性的專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練。
5. 做完形填空題要養(yǎng)成不依賴選項(xiàng)的習(xí)慣,要加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)篇填詞訓(xùn)練,培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)篇意識(shí)和邏輯推理能力。