英語(yǔ)中,很多動(dòng)詞可以接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),其中賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)為帶to的不定式,構(gòu)成“v. sb. to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)。需注意的是,有些動(dòng)詞看似也能這么用,但實(shí)際又是錯(cuò)誤的。現(xiàn)列舉一些這類(lèi)似是而非的結(jié)構(gòu),并指出改正方法。
1. 安排某人做某事:不可說(shuō)成arrange sb. to do sth.,但可譯為arrange for sb. to do sth.。例如:
She’s arranged for her son to have swimming lessons.
她已經(jīng)安排她兒子去上游泳課了。
2. 計(jì)劃讓某人做某事:不可說(shuō)成plan sb. to do sth.,但可譯為plan for sb. to do sth.,相當(dāng)于intend sb. to do sth.。例如:
We planned for Tom to take her place. 我們計(jì)劃讓湯姆來(lái)替代她。
3. 呼吁某人做某事:不可說(shuō)成appeal sb. to do sth.,但可譯為appeal to sb. to do sth.。例如:
The police have appealed to anyone with information to come forward and talk to them.
警方呼吁知情者前來(lái)陳述情況。
4. 歡迎某人做某事:不可說(shuō)成welcome sb. to do sth.。根據(jù)welcome的詞性,需分別采用以下結(jié)構(gòu):
(1)welcome用作形容詞,構(gòu)成“sb. be welcome to do sth.”,用于邀請(qǐng)某人做某事。例如:
You are welcome to stay for lunch. 歡迎你留下來(lái)吃午飯。
They are welcome to stay here as long as they like. 他們?cè)谶@里愿意住多久就住多久。
(2)welcome用作動(dòng)詞,構(gòu)成“welcome sb. + 介詞短語(yǔ)/副詞”(如果welcome的賓語(yǔ)是名詞,副詞也可置于賓語(yǔ)之前),用于歡迎某人來(lái)到某個(gè)地方。例如:
It is a pleasure to welcome you to our home. 很高興歡迎您光臨舍下。
The local residents poured into the street to welcome back their hero.
當(dāng)?shù)鼐用翊罅坑咳虢值罋g迎他們的英雄歸來(lái)。
(3)welcome用作感嘆詞,構(gòu)成“welcome + 介詞短語(yǔ)/副詞”,用于對(duì)剛剛到達(dá)的人表示歡迎,聽(tīng)話(huà)者要么以稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)的形式出現(xiàn),要么省略不說(shuō)。例如:
Hello, Tom, welcome home / back. 嘿,湯姆,歡迎回家/回來(lái)。
Good evening everybody. Welcome to the show! 諸位,晚上好。歡迎觀(guān)看本次演出!
5. 堅(jiān)持要某人做某事:不可說(shuō)成insist sb. to do sth.,但可譯為insist on sb. / sb.’s doing sth.或“insist (on it) + 賓語(yǔ)從句”。例如:
They insisted on me staying there for supper. 他們非要留我在那里吃晚飯。
They insisted (on it) that everyone (should) come to the party.
他們堅(jiān)持要每個(gè)人都參加聚會(huì)。
6. 建議某人做某事:不可說(shuō)成suggest sb. to do sth.,但可譯為suggest sb. / sb.’s doing sth.或“suggest + 賓語(yǔ)從句”,相當(dāng)于advise sb. to do sth.。例如:
Time was limited. I suggested their going in my car. 時(shí)間有限,我提議他們坐我的車(chē)去。
His mother suggested that he (should) go and see the doctor. 他媽媽建議他去看醫(yī)生。
7. 禁止某人做某事:不可說(shuō)成ban / prohibit sb. to do sth.,但可譯為ban / prohibit sb. from doing sth.,相當(dāng)于forbid sb. to do sth.。例如:
He was banned from driving for six months. 他被禁止駕駛六個(gè)月。
8. 示意某人做某事:不可說(shuō)成gesture sb. to do sth.,但可譯為gesture for sb. to do sth.,也可譯為sign for / to sb. to do sth.或signal (for / to) sb. to do sth.。例如:
He made no answer but walked on, gesturing for me to follow.
他沒(méi)有回答而是繼續(xù)向前走,打個(gè)手勢(shì)讓我跟上。
She signed for / to the children to come inside. 她示意孩子們進(jìn)來(lái)。
The children’s mother signaled (for / to) them to be quiet.
孩子們的母親示意他們保持安靜。
9. 說(shuō)服某人做某事:不可說(shuō)成talk sb. to do sth.,但可譯為talk / persuade sb. into doing sth.。例如:
The salesclerk talked the customer into buying the new suit.
店員說(shuō)服那位顧客買(mǎi)下了這套新衣服。
Don’t let yourself be persuaded into buying things you don’t want.
別禁不住別人的勸說(shuō),買(mǎi)些不想要的東西。
10. 希望某人做某事:不可說(shuō)成hope sb. to do sth.,但可譯為hope for sb. to do sth.或“hope+賓語(yǔ)從句”,相當(dāng)于wish sb. to do sth.。例如:
He hoped for John to come to the party. 他希望約翰來(lái)參加聚會(huì)。
We hope that we will be better paid. 我們希望得到更好的報(bào)酬。
與之類(lèi)似的,表示“渴望某人做某事”,不可說(shuō)成long sb. to do sth.,但可譯為long for sb. to do sth.,相當(dāng)于desire sb. to do sth.。例如:
She longed for her husband to say something. 她渴望她的丈夫能說(shuō)些什么。