Yang Jiang—An Elegant and Excellent Senior Intellectual楊絳：淡定亦風(fēng)華的先生

朱廣春

她被人們尊稱為“先生”，以其獨(dú)特的文學(xué)才華和卓越的翻譯成就而備受推崇。她不僅是一位杰出的小說(shuō)家、劇作家，還是外國(guó)文學(xué)研究者，深刻影響了中國(guó)文學(xué)界。透過(guò)她的作品，我們可以窺見一位豁達(dá)樂觀、堅(jiān)韌不拔的文學(xué)巨匠，以及她與家人的溫情故事和對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)的無(wú)私奉獻(xiàn)。讓我們一同進(jìn)入一幅跨越時(shí)光的畫卷，深入探索這位先生的非凡人生。

Yang Jiang （1911–2016）， formerly knownas Yang Jikang， was a famous 1）contemporaryChinese writer， foreign literature researcher，dramatist and translator. She was honoredas “xiansheng”， and “a literary masterspanning more than a century”. Her husbanddescribed her as “the most 2）virtuous wifeand the most talented woman”.

Born in Beijing in July 1911， Yang Jiang grew up in anopen-minded intellectual family. In 1932， Yang Jiang wentto Tsinghua University from Soochow University to study.Here， she met Qian Zhongshu， and they fell in love andgot married. In 1938， Yang Jiang finished her studies atthe University of Oxford with Qian Zhongshu and returnedhome with their one-year-old daughter.

Yang Jiang had written and translated 3）prolificallyall her life. Her debut novel was the prose CollectingFootprints published in Ta Kung Pao in 1933. The novelBaptism made her a famous novelist in the literary world.The scripts Satisfied， Making Truth into Falsehood andWind Fluff brought her great fame. Although suffering fromthe vicissitudes of life， her writings， such as Six Chaptersof My Life and Drinking Tea published in the 1980s， WeThree published at the age of 92， Reaching the Brink ofLife published at the age of 96 and Complete Collectionof Yang Jiang published at the age of 102， can still make?readers deeply feel her optimistic and broad-mindedattitude， her strong and 4）indomitable character， and hertranscendent and charismatic personality.

In addition， she was proficient in English and French，and began to teach herself Spanish at the age of 48. DonQuixote， which she spent 20 years finishing translating，is recognized as the best translation masterpiece. In1978， when the Spanish King and Queen visited China，the then-leader Deng Xiaoping presented Yangs Chineseversion as a national gift to the royal couple. In 1986， theKing of Spain personally awarded her the Cross of KingAlfonso X of Wisdom in recognition of her contributionto the spreading of Spanish culture. Her first translationof Lazarillo de Tormes in the 1960s and her translationof Phaedo at the age of 90 are also loved deeply byreaders. These words of hers， whether her own worksor translations， have left abundant spiritual wealth forfuture generations， which are thought-provoking andenlightening.

In 2001， Yang Jiang donated tens of millions ofmanuscript fees and royalties belonging to her and QianZhongshu to their alma mater—Tsinghua University， andset up a “Love Reading” scholarship to reward studentswho are diligent， outstanding in academic performance，but have financial difficulties in their families.

On May 25， 2016， Yang Jiang passed away at the age?of 105.

In the eyes of others， Yang Jiang had a legendary life， butshe was low-key and modest， and her works were plain andelegant. The famous Chinese writer and translator Shi Zhecuncommented that “Baptism was a combination of A Dream ofRed Mansions and The Scholars， two of Chinas most importantclassics”. To this， Yang Jiang responded with characteristicmodesty， saying， “Baptism is just an experiment to test meand see if I am capable of writing novels.” Though Yang Jiangreferred to her works as trials， each of her trials was a success.“These ‘trials show her calm and simple state of mind and herindifference to fame and fortune，” reviewed Peoples Daily in aremembrance in 2016.

I strove with none;

for none was worth my strife;

Nature I loved，

and next to Nature， Art;

I warmed both hands before the fire of life;

It sinks，

and I am ready to depart.

This is a famous poem On His Seventy-fifth Birthday by the19th-century British poet Walter Savage Landor， translated byYang Jiang herself. This poem may be regarded as a portrayalof her life.

1） contemporary adj. 當(dāng)代的

2） virtuous adj. 品德高的

3） prolifically adv. 多產(chǎn)地

4） indomitable adj. 不屈不撓的

楊絳（1911—2016），原名楊季康，中國(guó)當(dāng)代著名作家、外國(guó)文學(xué)研究者、戲劇家、翻譯家。人們尊稱她為“先生”“跨越一個(gè)多世紀(jì)的文學(xué)大家”。她的丈夫形容她是“最賢的妻， 最才的女”。

1911 年 7 月，楊絳出生于北京，成長(zhǎng)在一個(gè)思想開明的知識(shí)分子家庭。1932 年，楊絳從東吳大學(xué)到清華大學(xué)讀書。在這里，她結(jié)識(shí)了錢鍾書，二人相戀并結(jié)婚。1938 年， 楊絳隨錢鍾書結(jié)束在英國(guó)牛津大學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)，帶著一歲的女兒回國(guó)。

楊絳一生著譯豐厚。 1933 年發(fā)表在《大公報(bào)》上的散文《收腳印》是她的處女作。長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)《洗澡》使她成為享譽(yù)文壇的小說(shuō)家；劇本《稱心如意》《弄真成假》和《風(fēng)絮》讓她聲名大振。

縱使命運(yùn)多舛，但讀者依舊可以通過(guò)她20 世紀(jì)80 年代出版的《干校六記》《將飲茶》，92 歲出版的《我們仨》，96 歲出版的《走到人生邊上》及102 歲出版的《楊絳文集》中的文字體悟到她擁有的那份樂觀豁達(dá)的胸懷、堅(jiān)強(qiáng)不屈的品性和超然卓立的人格魅力。

此外，她還精通英語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)，在48 歲時(shí)又開始自學(xué)西班牙語(yǔ)，用20 年時(shí)間翻譯的《堂·吉訶德》被公認(rèn)為是最優(yōu)秀的翻譯佳作。

1978 年，西班牙國(guó)王和王后訪問中國(guó)，時(shí)任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人鄧小平將此中文版本作為國(guó)禮贈(zèng)送給這對(duì)王室夫婦。1986 年，西班牙國(guó)王親自授予她“智慧國(guó)王阿方索十世十字勛章”，以表彰她對(duì)西班牙文化傳播做出的貢獻(xiàn)。她初譯于20 世紀(jì)60 年代的《小癩子》及90 歲高齡時(shí)翻譯的《斐多》，也都深受讀者喜愛。無(wú)論是她的著作還是譯作都給后人留下了豐盈的精神財(cái)富，引人深思，給人啟迪。

2001 年，楊絳將她和錢鍾書的數(shù)千萬(wàn)元稿費(fèi)和版稅，全部捐贈(zèng)給了他們的母校清華大學(xué)，設(shè)立“好讀書”獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)好學(xué)上進(jìn)、成績(jī)優(yōu)秀但家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的學(xué)生。

2016 年5 月25 日，楊絳逝世，享年105 歲。

在他人的眼里，楊絳擁有傳奇的人生，但她本人低調(diào)謙和，作品平實(shí)淡雅。中國(guó)著名作家和翻譯家施蟄存評(píng)論說(shuō)：“《洗澡》是中國(guó)最重要的兩部經(jīng)典作品《紅樓夢(mèng)》和《儒林外史》的結(jié)合體。”對(duì)此，楊絳以她特有的謙遜回應(yīng)說(shuō)：“《洗澡》只是一次檢測(cè)自己是否有能力寫小說(shuō)的嘗試?！北M管她稱自己的作品為嘗試，但她的每一次嘗試無(wú)疑都是成功的。2016 年，《人民日?qǐng)?bào)》在一次紀(jì)念活動(dòng)中評(píng)論說(shuō)：“這些‘嘗試體現(xiàn)了她平靜簡(jiǎn)單的心態(tài)和她對(duì)名利的淡泊?！?/p>

我和誰(shuí)都不爭(zhēng)，

和誰(shuí)爭(zhēng)我都不屑；

我愛大自然，

其次就是藝術(shù)；

我雙手烤著生命之火取暖；

火萎了，

我也準(zhǔn)備走了。

這是19 世紀(jì)英國(guó)詩(shī)人沃爾特·薩維奇·蘭多的名詩(shī)《寫于七十五歲》，由楊絳所譯，這首詩(shī)或可視為她一生的寫照。