細(xì)讀文本，剖析人物性格

吳翔

【問(wèn)題導(dǎo)讀】

目前，高考英語(yǔ)讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)主要以記敘文為主，故事的發(fā)展主要圍繞幾個(gè)核心人物。在記敘文中，核心人物的性格直接影響續(xù)寫(xiě)的情節(jié)構(gòu)思。因此，核心人物性格的解讀和判斷顯得尤為重要。在續(xù)寫(xiě)時(shí)，我們面臨的主要問(wèn)題有兩個(gè)：

1. 如何通過(guò)解讀原文，判斷出人物的主要性格類(lèi)型？

2. 如何依據(jù)人物的性格，合情合理地預(yù)測(cè)人物接下來(lái)的動(dòng)作與選擇，并有邏輯且連貫地創(chuàng)作故事？

【名師導(dǎo)學(xué)】

1. 人物的心理、外貌、行為等描寫(xiě)往往顯露出人物的性格。因此，在解讀原文時(shí)，做標(biāo)注能夠幫助我們準(zhǔn)確地描述人物性格。下面提供一種閱讀時(shí)做標(biāo)注的范式。

2. 在運(yùn)用形容詞描述人物后，我們可以依據(jù)九型人格理論圖確定人物的性格類(lèi)型，并據(jù)此預(yù)測(cè)人物接下來(lái)的動(dòng)作與選擇，構(gòu)思結(jié)局。

3. 在續(xù)寫(xiě)后，我們可以將自己續(xù)寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容與原文進(jìn)行對(duì)比，分析續(xù)寫(xiě)內(nèi)容與原文的人物性格的連貫程度和故事情節(jié)發(fā)展的合理程度。

【案例導(dǎo)引】

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫(xiě)，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事。

After Twenty Years

The short story After Twenty Years is set in New York on a cold， dark night. Mostpeople had left work to go home， and this part of the city was quiet. A policeman who waschecking the area saw a man outside a shop. He went up to the man and found he had ascar on his face. They had a chat and the man started to tell his story.

“ Twenty years ago tonight，” said the man，“ I dined here at‘ Big Joe Bradys with Jimmy Wells， my best chum， and the finest chap in the world. He and I were raised here inNew York， just like two brothers， together. I was eighteen and Jimmy was twenty. The nextmorning I was to start for the West to make my fortune. You couldnt have dragged Jimmyout of New York; he thought it was the only place on earth. Well， we agreed that night thatwe would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time， no matter what ourconditions might be or how long the distance might be. We figured that in twenty yearseach of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made， whatever they weregoing to be.”

“It sounds pretty interesting，” said the policeman.“ Rather a long time between meetings，though， it seems to me. Havent you heard from your friend since you left？”

“Well， yes， for a time we corresponded，” said the other.“ But after a year or two welost track of each other. You see， the West is pretty big， and I kept hustling around over it.But I know Jimmy will meet me here if hes alive， for he always was the truest， staunchestold chap in the world. Hell never forget. I came a thousand miles to stand in this door tonight，and its worth it if my old partner turns up.”

注意：續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。

Paragraph 1：

The policeman turned out to be Jimmy. The scar told him it was Bob， his old friend， a man now wanted by the police._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Paragraph 2：

Bob， now 58， stepped out of the jail， looking around._________________________________________________________________________________

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一、獲取基本要素

一對(duì)曾經(jīng)的好友鮑勃和吉米相約20年后在紐約的一家餐廳見(jiàn)面。去西部打拼歸來(lái)，鮑勃在約定好的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)卻等來(lái)了一位巡警。巡警小心地詢問(wèn)著鮑勃的情況，二人的對(duì)話由此展開(kāi)。小說(shuō)的標(biāo)題為“二十年后”，暗指二十年后兩位年少時(shí)的好友歷經(jīng)世事滄桑后的改變。本文的體裁為小說(shuō)，第三人稱(chēng)視角的敘述方式能讓作者突破時(shí)空的限制，直擊主人公的內(nèi)心世界。小說(shuō)情節(jié)的安排極具戲劇化，內(nèi)容主要以人物對(duì)話為主，對(duì)話簡(jiǎn)潔且口語(yǔ)化，其中多處運(yùn)用反語(yǔ)和諷刺的表現(xiàn)手法，生動(dòng)地塑造出吉米和鮑勃截然不同的性格，揭露人物在面臨選擇時(shí)展現(xiàn)出的真實(shí)且矛盾的人性。此處，本文巧妙地節(jié)選了前半部分，且給出了最后兩段的首句，這使得結(jié)局耐人尋味。下面是小說(shuō)的五大基本要素。

二、厘清故事情節(jié)

故事山是一種幫助學(xué)生了解故事結(jié)構(gòu)的工具。 故事山能讓學(xué)生在閱讀文本后再次審視故事的人物、情節(jié)、事件，從而得到對(duì)文本更清晰的總體意識(shí)。

三、剖析人物性格

仔細(xì)閱讀文本，在原文中找出與主人公相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)，運(yùn)用下面的九型人格理論圖幫助我們描述人物，準(zhǔn)確定位小說(shuō)中主人公的主要性格類(lèi)型，并據(jù)此判斷主人公在后文面臨選擇時(shí)的決定。

四、做比較，猜結(jié)局

在判斷出人物的性格后，我們可以將人物的性格進(jìn)行比較，分析人物之間的關(guān)系，想象人物后續(xù)可能做出的選擇，猜測(cè)結(jié)局。

Make a comparison between the policeman and Jimmy based on their personalities，and use the following questions to help you predict an ending.

1. What can you find out？ Are they similar or different？ How？ What could be the relationship between them？

2. Would Jimmy keep the promise and come to meet the man？

3. If Jimmy is the policeman， what do you think he would choose between devotion to duty and loyalty to friendship？

五、讀首句，定情節(jié)

在依據(jù)人物性格預(yù)測(cè)故事可能的結(jié)局后，我們可以繼續(xù)分析結(jié)尾兩段的首句信息，以判斷是否符合我們的猜測(cè)，并開(kāi)始構(gòu)思和創(chuàng)作結(jié)局。

1. Was Bob arrested in the end？ Who might do this？ Why？

2. What has Bob experienced over the past twenty years？

3. How would Bob react to the arrest？

4. What would happen to Bob after another twenty years？ How would he feel？ Would he meet someone？

六、品原著，做評(píng)價(jià)

在完成續(xù)寫(xiě)后，我們可以品味歐·亨利式的結(jié)尾，并與我們續(xù)寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行對(duì)比和分析，判斷兩種結(jié)局是否符合原文中人物的性格，由此做出相應(yīng)的評(píng)價(jià)。

Read the original ending and find out what actually happened.

Bob， I was at the appointed place on time. When you struck the match to light yourcigar， I saw it was the face of the man wanted in Chicago. Somehow I couldnt do it myself，so I went around and got a plain clothes man to do the job.

Jimmy

1. What kind of ending is this？ More than one answer will be suitable.

2. How do you like this one？ Give your reasons.

參考范文

Paragraph 1：

The policeman turned out to be Jimmy. The scar told him it was Bob， his old friend， aman now wanted by the police.“ Bob， it＇s me， Jimmy. I knew what you had done from the Chicago policeman，” Jimmy said， his voice trembling. Surprised and scared， Bob seemed tobe at a loss. He didn＇t even know whether he should run or stay. Jimmy seemed to knowwhat was going on in his mind，“ Bob， you have been under arrest. Chicago is waiting foryou. Don＇t worry. I will take care of your family，” Jimmy continued， putting his hand onBob＇s shoulder. Bob looked into Jimmy＇s eyes. He knew it was time to surrender.

Paragraph 2：

Bob， now 58， stepped out of the jail， looking around. Nobody. After twenty yearsbehind bars， he felt like an outcast to the city and everyone in it. Lost and helpless， he wandered aimlessly through the streets. Somehow， he arrived at the same old shop. In thedim light of a streetlamp， he noticed an old man there， sitting on a bench.“ Bob，” the oldman looked up. Although twenty years had passed， he could still recognize that face—Bobs face.“ Im here for our meeting. Welcome home， my best chum！”

【模擬導(dǎo)練】

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫(xiě)，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事。

A vacation with my mother

I had an interesting childhood： It was filled with surprises and amusements， all becauseof my mother— loving， sweet， yet absent?minded and forgetful. One strange familytrip we took when I was eleven tells a lot about her.

My two sets of grandparents lived in Colorado and North Dakota， and my parents decidedto spend a few weeks driving to those states and seeing all the sights along the way.As the first day of our trip approached， David， my eight?year?old brother， and I unwillinglysaid goodbye to all of our friends. Who knew if we＇d ever see them again？ Finally， the momentof our departure arrived， and we loaded suitcases， books， games， camping equipment，and a tent into the car and bravely drove off. We bravely drove off again two hours laterafter wed returned home to get the purse and traveler＇s checks Mom had forgotten.

David and I were always a little nervous when using gas station bathrooms if Mom wasdriving while Dad slept.“ You stand outside the door and act as a lookout （瞭望員） while Igo， and I＇ll stand outside the door and act as a lookout while you go.” I had terrible picturesin my mind，“ Honey， where are the kids？”“ What？ Oh， I thought they were being awfullyquiet.” We were never actually left behind in a strange city， but we weren＇t about to takeany chances.

On the fourth or fifth night， we had trouble finding a hotel with a vacancy. Afterdriving in vain for some time， Mom suddenly got a great idea： Why didn＇t we find a housewith a likely?looking backyard and ask if we could set up a tent there？ David and I becamenervous. To our great relief， Dad turned down the idea. Mom never could understand ourobjections. If a strange family showed up on her front doorstep， Mom would have beendelighted. She thinks everyone in the world is as nice as she is. We finally found a vacancyin the next town.

注意：續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。

Paragraph 1：

The next day we remembered the brand?new tent we had brought with us._______________________________________________________

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Paragraph 2：

We drove through several states and saw lots of great sights along the way.______________________________________________________

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【評(píng)價(jià)導(dǎo)思】

1. 在續(xù)寫(xiě)前，我是否能定位文章要素和厘清故事情節(jié)？我是否能在閱讀原文時(shí)做好標(biāo)注，幫助自己準(zhǔn)確地運(yùn)用形容詞描述人物性格？

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2. 在續(xù)寫(xiě)時(shí)，我是否能理解并運(yùn)用九型人格理論圖，依據(jù)人物的細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)判定人物性格，由此推測(cè)人物可能的后續(xù)選擇和決定，并有邏輯地預(yù)測(cè)和構(gòu)思出符合人物性格的結(jié)局？

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3. 在續(xù)寫(xiě)后，我是否能基于自己的創(chuàng)作成果，對(duì)比并賞析原作，品味歐·亨利式的結(jié)尾，提升續(xù)寫(xiě)中人物性格的連貫性和故事情節(jié)發(fā)展的合理性？

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