• <tr id="yyy80"></tr>
  • <sup id="yyy80"></sup>
  • <tfoot id="yyy80"><noscript id="yyy80"></noscript></tfoot>
  • 99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

    MicroRNA-630 alleviates inflammatory reactions in rats with diabetic kidney disease by targeting toll-like receptor 4

    2024-04-20 11:58:16QiShunWuDanNaZhengChengJiHuiQianJuanJinQiangHe
    World Journal of Diabetes 2024年3期

    Qi-Shun Wu,Dan-Na Zheng,Cheng Ji,Hui Qian,Juan Jin,Qiang He

    Abstract BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus.Renal tubular epithelial cell (TEC) damage,which is strongly associated with the inflammatory response and mesenchymal trans-differentiation,plays a significant role in DKD;However,the precise molecular mechanism is unknown.The recently identified microRNA-630 (miR-630) has been hypothesized to be closely associated with cell migration,apoptosis,and autophagy.However,the association between miR-630 and DKD and the underlying mechanism remain unknown.AIM To investigate how miR-630 affects TEC injury and the inflammatory response in DKD rats.METHODS Streptozotocin was administered to six-week-old male rats to create a hyperglycemic diabetic model.In the second week of modeling,the rats were divided into control,DKD,negative control of lentivirus,and miR-630 overexpression groups.After 8 wk,urine and blood samples were collected for the kidney injury assays,and renal tissues were removed for further molecular assays.The target gene for miR-630 was predicted using bioinformatics,and the association between miR-630 and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was confirmed using in vitro investigations and double luciferase reporter gene assays.Overexpression of miR-630 in DKD rats led to changes in body weight,renal weight index,basic blood parameters and histopathological changes.RESULTS The expression level of miR-630 was reduced in the kidney tissue of rats with DKD (P < 0.05).The miR-630 and TLR4 expressions in rat renal TECs (NRK-52E) were measured using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.The mRNA expression level of miR-630 was significantly lower in the high-glucose (HG) and HG+mimic negative control (NC) groups than in the normal glucose (NG) group (P < 0.05).In contrast,the mRNA expression level of TLR4 was significantly higher in these groups (P < 0.05).However,miR-630 mRNA expression increased and TLR4 mRNA expression significantly decreased in the HG+miR-630 mimic group than in the HG+mimic NC group (P < 0.05).Furthermore,the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-1β (IL-1β),and IL-6 were significantly higher in the HG and HG+mimic NC groups than in NG group (P < 0.05).However,the levels of these cytokines were significantly lower in the HG+miR-630 mimic group than in the HG+mimic NC group (P < 0.05).Notably,changes in protein expression were observed.The HG and HG+mimic NC groups showed a significant decrease in E-cadherin protein expression,whereas TLR4,α-smooth muscle actin (SMA),and collagen IV protein expression increased (P < 0.05).Conversely,the HG+miR-630 mimic group exhibited a significant increase in E-cadherin protein expression and a notable decrease in TLR4,α-SMA,and collagen IV protein expression than in the HG+mimic NC group (P < 0.05).The miR-630 targets TLR4 gene expression.In vivo experiments demonstrated that DKD rats treated with miR-630 agomir exhibited significantly higher miR-630 mRNA expression than DKD rats injected with agomir NC.Additionally,rats treated with miR-630 agomir showed significant reductions in urinary albumin,blood glucose,TLR4,and proinflammatory markers (TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6) expression levels (P < 0.05).Moreover,these rats exhibited fewer kidney lesions and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells.CONCLUSION MiR-630 may inhibit the inflammatory reaction of DKD by targeting TLR4,and has a protective effect on DKD.

    Key Words: Diabetic kidney disease;MicroRNA-630;Toll-like receptor 4;Mouse model;Renal tubular epithelial cells damage;Hyperglycemic model

    lNTRODUCTlON

    Diabetic kidney disease (DKD),a chronic kidney condition due to diabetes,is characterized by a steady decline in glomerular filtration rate and the onset and progression of albuminuria.End-stage renal failure is more common in patients with DKD than with chronic glomerulonephritis[1-4].The primary early morphological alterations in DKD include glomerular and tubular hypertrophy,thickening of the glomerular basement membrane,fusion of foot processes,and growth of the mesangial matrix.These alterations progress to various degrees of tubulointerstitial fibrosis,which ultimately causes the loss of renal function[5].However,the molecular mechanisms underlying DKD remain unclear.

    Renal tubular epithelial cell (TEC) damage has been linked to DKD[6].The TEC epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT),a key mechanism in renal interstitial fibrosis,has gained recent attention[7].EMT is caused by a complex interaction between several variables,including the inflammatory response,hypoxia,oxidative stress,growth factors,signaling pathways,microRNA (miRNA),and transcription factors Snail,Slug and Twist[8].Therefore,focusing on these pathways may help comprehend the molecular mechanisms underlying damage to TECs in DKD.

    The miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs consisting of 19-23 nucleotides that negatively regulate posttranscriptional gene expression by targeting the 3’-untranslated regions (3’UTR) of protein-coding messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts;which play important roles in different physiological and pathological processes[9,10].Because miRNA imbalance is directly associated with pathological processes in DKD,miRNAs may serve as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.For instance,DKD is promoted by increased expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) when miR-203 is expressed at low levels[11].The overexpression of miR-92b can minimize renal fibrosis and restore miR-92b expression to normal levels in the kidneys of mice with DKD[12].

    The miR-630,a recently identified miRNA,is closely linked to tumor cell development and apoptosis and demonstrates aberrant expression in various malignancies,including liver cancer,colon cancer,gastric cancer,and other tumors[13,14].Liuet al[15] reported that miR-630 targets TLR4 in immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy to control the production of glycosylated IgA1 in tonsils.Studies on the expression and function of miR-630 in DKD-related renal tissue and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are lacking.

    In this study,we assessed the relative expression of miR-630 mRNA in the kidney tissue of DKD rats and found that its expression was considerably lower than that in normal rats.Mechanistic studies have indicated TLR4 as the target gene for miR-630;therefore,miR-630 can be considered a possible pharmacological target for DKD treatment and a noninvasive biomarker for diagnosing DKD and determining its prognosis.

    MATERlALS AND METHODS

    Animals and cells

    Sixty specific pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats (6-wk-old and weighing 200 ± 20 g),were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Jiangsu University.The rats were housed in the experimental animal feeding room at a temperature of 21 °C,humidity of 55 °C,and a 12-h light/dark period.Prior to the experiments,all rats were fed the same diet for one week.The rat renal TECs (NRK-52E) cell line was purchased from the Treasure Cell Bank of the China Academy of Sciences.The rat renal TECs (NRK-52E) cell line was purchased from the TreasureCell Bank of the China Academy of Sciences.

    Reagents

    Streptozotocin (STZ) was purchased from Shanghai Aiyan Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.The citrate buffer was purchased from Beijing Noble Food Technology Co.,Ltd.Lentiviral negative control (LV-NC),LV-miR630 and primers were all purchased from ABclonal.RIPA lysis buffer and BCA kits were purchased from Beyotime.The TLR4 antibody was purchased from Affinity.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for interleukin-6 (IL-6),IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were purchased from Mlbio.

    Instruments

    The BK-200 automatic biochemical analyser was purchased from BIOBASE,the DR3518G enzyme-labelled instrument was purchased from Wuxi HiwellDiatek,the FluorChem HD2 gel imaging system was purchased from protein simple,and the CytoFLEXS flow cytometry was purchased from Beckman.

    Methods

    Model construction and processing:The experimental rats were randomly divided into a control group,model (DKD),model+negative control (NC) agomir (LV-NC),and model+miR-630 agomir (LV-miR-630) groups (n=15 in each group).Six-week-old rats were fed adaptively for one week.Following a 12-h fast,the rats in the model and experimental groups received intraperitoneal injections of 60 mg/kg STZ solution to establish the DKD model,whereas the control group was injected with the same volume of sodium citrate buffer (0.1 mmol/L)[16].After 72 h,blood was collected from the tail vein for analyzing glucose levels,and serum glucose ≥ 16.7 mmol/L was used for establishing the diabetic model.Urine was collected for 24 h,and the urine protein content was > 30 mg/24 h,for successful DKD modelling[17].The rats in each experimental group were administered 100 μL of agomir NC and miR-630 agomir (50 nM) intravenously at weeks 2 and 5 after STZ injection,whereas rats in the model group received intravenous injections of equal volumes of normal saline.After 8 wk,the rats in each group were fasted for 12 h before blood samples were collected from the tail vein to detect fasting blood glucose.Urine was collected in a metabolic cage for 24 h 1 d before execution.The rats were injected intraperitoneally with 3% pentobarbital sodium (30 mg/kg),blood was collected from the abdominal aorta and kidneys,and the rats were sacrificed.The renal tissue was collected for further analysis.

    Indicator monitoring:The mental state,color change of the hair and nails,activity,urine volume,and weight of rats were observed during administration.On the last day of the experiment,24-h urine samples of the rats in a metabolic cage.After mixing,the samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm (centrifugal radius: 16.5 cm) for 10 min,and the supernatant was collected to detect the 24-h urine protein quantification.Random blood glucose levels were measured,and the rats were anesthetized using an intraperitoneal injection of 3% pentobarbital sodium (30 mg/kg).Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta and centrifuged at 4 °C and 3500 rpm (centrifugal radius: 16.5 cm) for 15 min.Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were measured using a kit.

    Calculation of renal weight index:The kidneys were washed with precooled normal saline,dried using filter paper and weighed,and the rat kidney index was calculated using the formula: Kidney index (%)=(total weight of bilateral kidneys/weight of rats) × 100.

    Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction detection of miR-630 and TLR4 mRNA expression

    The TRIzol method was used to extract total RNA from each group.The expression of miR-630 and TLR4 mRNA was detected using a one-step reverse transcription fluorescence quantitative kit (Table 1 for primers).The reaction system and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) procedures were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions,and 2-ΔΔCtmethod was used for relative quantitative analysis,with U6 and GAPDH as internal references.

    Table 1 Primers for quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

    Luciferase reporter assay

    For the construction of wild-type and mutant TLR4 3’-UTR double-fluorescent reporter plasmids,293T cells in the logarithmic growth period were inoculated in a 12-well cell plate at a density of 1 × 105cells/well.Negative controls of TLR4-WT,TLR4-MUT,and miR-630 mimics or mimic NC were transfected into 293T cells according to the manufacturer’s instructions for LipofectamineTM2000.Three replicates were performed for each group of experiments.After 48 h of incubation,luciferase activity was detected using a double luciferase reporter gene detection kit.

    Western blotting to detect TLR4 expression in renal tissue

    RIPA lysate was added to the tissues of each group,placed on ice for 20 min,and centrifuged at 4 °C and 13000 rpm at 4 °C for 20 min,and the protein content in the supernatant was determined using a BCA kit.The sodium-dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis was performed with a 35-μg protein solution,transferred to the polyvinylidene fluoride membrane,and sealed with a 2% BSA sealing solution.The primary antibodies were added at 4 °C and left overnight.The GAPDH antibody was used as the reference,and secondary antibodies were added and incubated for 1 h at room temperature.Enhanced chemiluminescence exposure imaging was performed using an Alpha Imager HP gel imaging system to analyze the results.

    Hematoxylin and eosin staining to detect renal injury

    The kidneys were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde,routinely dehydrated,and embedded in paraffin.After dewaxing,the tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE),followed by 1% hydrochloric acid ethanol differentiation,0.6% ammonia return to blue,0.5% eosin staining,conventional dehydration,xylene transparency,and neutral gum sealing.Renal injury was observed under a microscope (400 × magnification).

    Masson staining to observe the histological changes in the kidney

    The slices were dewaxed in water.Sections were stained with the prepared Weigert hematoxylin staining solution for 5-10 min,differentiated with an acidic ethanol differentiation solution for 5-15 s,and washed with water.The Masson bluestained solution returned to blue after 3-5 min and was washed with water.After washing with distilled water for l min,the sections were stained with Ponceau magenta dye solution for 5-10 min.The weak acid working solution used in this procedure was prepared using a 2:1 ratio of distilled water to the weak acid solution.The sample was washed with the weak acid working solution for 1 min,then washed with the phosphomolybdic acid solution for 1-2 min,and washed again with the prepared weak acid working solution for l min.The sample was placed directly in the aniline blue dye solution for 1-2 min and then washed with the prepared weak-acid working solution for 1 min.The sample was quickly dehydrated using 95% ethanol for 2-3 s and anhydrous ethanol three times for 5-10 s each time.The sections were transparentized with xylene three times for 1-2 min each and sealed with neutral gum.

    IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels in renal tissue detected using ELISA

    Renal tissue was ground on ice and transformed into a 10% tissue homogenate.The levels of IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α in renal tissue were detected according to the instructions of the TNF-α ELISA kit.

    Statistical analysis

    All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 17.0 (IBM Corp.,Armonk,NY,United States) and GraphPad Prism 9.0 software,and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard error (mean ± SEM) or mean ± SD.TheT-test,one-way ANOVA,and SNK-qtests were used for intergroup and intragroup mean comparisons.APvalue of 0.05 indicated statistical significance.Correlation analyses were performed using Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression.

    RESULTS

    General observation

    Rats in the normal group were in a good mental state,lively and active,with bright eyes,sensitive reactions,and white and shiny fur.The model rats were depressed;their fur was yellow,dry,and dirty;their movements were slow;and they exhibited symptoms such as excessive drinking,excessive eating,excessive urination,and thin feces.Over time,some rats with DKD exhibited varying degrees of abdominal distension.Rats in the miR-630 agomir group had better general conditions than those in the model group.

    Expression of miR-630 mRNA in kidney tissue of DKD rats and the pathological changes in kidney tissue

    As demonstrated in Figure 1A,compared with the control group,miR-630 mRNA expression in the DKD group declined considerably,as did body weight,whereas blood glucose levels and the kidney weight index increased significantly (allP< 0.01).Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the level of miR-630 in rats was positively correlated with body weight and albumin but negatively correlated with renal weight index,urea nitrogen,serum creatinine (SCr),24-h urine protein quantification,blood glucose,and other variables (Figure 1B).These findings imply that miR-630 expression in renal tissues is associated with clinical variables and may be associated with DKD.The results of the HE staining are shown in Figure 1C.The renal tissue cell structure remained unaltered in the control group,and no overt pathological alterations were observed.Enlarged or detached TECs,renal interstitial cell infiltration,mesangial hyperplasia,interstitial fibrosis,and glomerular edema were detected in the DKD group.

    Figure 1 The expression of miR-630 in diabetic kidney disease rats. A: Differential expression of miR-630,renal weight index,and blood glucose in diabetic kidney disease rats;B: The correlations between the expression of miR-630 and clinical parameters,including body weight,serum albumin,renal weight index,blood urea nitrogen,serum creatinine and proteinuria,were analysed by Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression analysis;C: Pathological changes in renal tissue in rats under a high glucose environment (hematoxylin and eosin,× 400).n=15.Data are presented as mean ± SD,aP < 0.001,bP < 0.001,cP < 0.001,dP < 0.001.DKD: Diabetic kidney disease.

    Overexpression of miR-630 inhibits TEC damage induced by high glucose in vitro

    Figure 2A shows the expression levels of miR-630 and TLR4 in NRK-52E determined using qRT-PCR.The TLR4 and miR-630 mRNA expression levels in the normal glucose (NG) and high mannitol (HM) groups were not significantly different.Although miR-630 and TLR4 mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased in the high glucose (HG) and HG+mimic NC groups compared with those in the NG group,TLR4 mRNA expression levels considerably increased.Compared with the HG+miR-630 mimic NC group,the mRNA expression levels of miR-630 and TLR4 in the NG group substantially increased and decreased,respectively.

    Figure 2 Overexpression of miR-630 inhibits renal tubular epithelial cell damage induced by high glucose in vitro. A: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction detection of miR-630 and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in rat renal tubular epithelial cells in a high glucose environment (NRK-52E);B: Detection of tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 expression in rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52e) under a high glucose environment by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;C: Western blot detection of NRK-52E TLR4 in rats under a high glucose environment α-smooth muscle actin and collagen IV protein expression.Data are presented as mean ± SD,aP < 0.01 vs normal glucose,and bP < 0.01 vs high glucose+mimic normal glucose.NG: Normal glucose,5.6 mmol/L;HG: High glucose,20 mmol/L;HM: High mannitol (5.6 mmol/L glucose+14.4 mmol/L mannitol);TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4;α-SMA: α-smooth muscle actin;IL: Interleukin;TNF: Tumor necrosis factor.

    ELISA was used to determine the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 in each group.The results are shown in Figure 2B.TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 levels in the NG and HM groups were not altered considerably;however,the HG and HG+mimic NC groups demonstrated a significant increase than that observed in the NG group.The levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 in the HG+miR-630 mimic group were considerably lower than those in the HG+mimic NC group.

    Figure 2C displays the results of western blot analysis used to determine the protein expression levels of TLR4,Ecadherin,E-smooth muscle actin (SMA),and collagen IV in each group.The expression levels of TLR4,E-cadherin,α-SMA,and collagen IV were not significantly altered in the NG and HM groups.E-cadherin expression levels in the HG group and HG+mimic NC group were significantly lower than those in the NG group,although TLR4,α-SMA,and collagen IV expression levels were significantly increased.Compared with the HG+mimic NC group,the expression levels of E-cadherin protein in the HG+miR-630 mimic group increased substantially,whereas those of TLR4,α-SMA,and collagen IV protein decreased significantly.

    miR-630 targeted the downregulation of TLR4

    TargetScan and other databases predicted that miR-630 has a binding site in the 3’-UTR of TLR4 (Supplementary Table 1 and Supplementary Figure 1) (Figure 3A).Based on the experimental findings using a double luciferase reporter gene,high levels of miR-630 substantially reduced the luciferase activity of the wild-type TLR4 plasmid (P< 0.01) but had no effect on the mutant TLR4 plasmid (Figure 3B).

    Figure 3 Toll-like receptor 4 is the target gene of miR-630. A: Bioinformatic analysis showed the putative miR-630 target sites in the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) 3’-untranslated regions (UTR).The mutated nucleotides are underlined;B: The WT-TLR4 3’-UTR and the MUT-TLR4 3’-UTR reporters were cotransfected with miR-630 mimic or negative control into NRK-52Es.Forty-eight hours after transfection,the luciferase activities were measured;C: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction detection of miR-630-targeted downregulation of TLR4 mRNA expression levels;D: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection of tumor necrosis factor in miR-630-targeted downregulation of TLR4,α-smooth muscle actin (SMA),interleukin (IL)-1β,and IL-6 content;E: Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of TLR4,α-SMA,collagen IV and E-cadherin downregulated by miR-630.Data are presented as mean ± SD,aP < 0.01 vs high glucose+mimic normal glucose,bP < 0.01 vs high glucose+miR-630 mimic+oe normal glucose.NG: Normal glucose,5.6 mmol/L;HG: High glucose,20 mmol/L;HM: High mannitol (5.6 mmol/L glucose+14.4 mmol/L mannitol);TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4;α-SMA: α-smooth muscle actin;IL: Interleukin;TNF: Tumor necrosis factor;NC: Negative control.

    Figure 3C shows the levels of miR-630 and TLR4 mRNA expression determined using qRT-PCR.Compared with the HG+mimic NC group,the mRNA expression of miR-630 increased significantly in the HG+miR-630 mimic group,whereas the mRNA expression of TLR4 was significantly decreased.The mRNA expression of miR-630 in the HG+miR-630 mimic+oe-TLR4 group was considerably lower than that in the HG+miR-630 mimic+oe-NC group;however,the mRNA expression of TLR4 was dramatically higher.

    The ELISA results showed that miR-630 downregulated the levels of INF-α,IL-1 β,and IL-6 in TLR4 (Figure 3D).The levels of INF-α,IL-1 β,and IL-6 in the HG+miR-630 mimic group were considerably lower than those in the HG+mimic NC group.Compared with the HG+miR-630 mimic+oe-NC group,the TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 levels were significantly increased in the HG+miR-630 mimic+oe-TLR4 group.

    Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of TLR4,α-SMA,collagen IV and E-cadherin,which were downregulated by miR-630 (Figure 3E).Compared with the HG+mimic NC group,the protein expression levels of TLR4,α-SMA and collagen IV in the HG+miR-630 mimic group decreased significantly,whereas the protein expression level of E-cadherin increased significantly.Compared with the HG+miR-630 mimic+oe-NC group,the expression levels of TLR4,α-SMA and collagen IV proteins in the HG+miR-630 mimic+oe-TLR4 group were significantly increased,whereas the expression level of E-cadherin protein was significantly decreased.

    Overexpression of miR-630 improves the biochemical changes in DKD model rats

    Figure 4A summarizes the body weight,renal weight index,blood sugar,24-h urinary protein,BUN,and SCr.No significant differences in body weight,renal weight index,blood glucose,24-h urinary protein,BUN,or SCr levels was observed between the DKD and DKD+NC agomir groups.Compared with the DKD+NC agomir group,the body weight increased significantly in the DKD+miR-630 agomir group,and the renal index decreased significantly.As shown in Figure 4A,no significant differences in blood glucose levels were observed between the DKD and DKD+NC agomir groups.Compared with the DKD+NC agomir group,blood glucose levels in the DKD+miR-630 agomir group decreased significantly.Figure 4C summarizes the results of the automatic biochemical analyzer;no significant difference in 24-h urine protein,BUN,and SCr levels were observed between the DKD and DKD+NC agomir groups.Compared with the DKD+NC agomir group,the contents of 24-h urine protein,BUN,and SCr levels in the DKD+miR-630 agomir group decreased significantly.

    Figure 4 Overexpression of miR-630 improves the biochemical changes in diabetic kidney disease model rats. A: Effects of miR-630 overexpression on body weight,renal weight index,blood glucose,fasting blood glucose,24-h urinary protein,blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine in rats;B: Effect of overexpression of miR-630 on the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA in diabetic kidney disease rats;C: MiR-630 was overexpressed,and the levels of interleukin (IL)-6,IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;D: MiR-630 was overexpressed,and the expression levels of TLR4,E-cadherin,α-smooth muscle actin and collagen IV were detected by western blotting.Data are presented as mean ± SD,aP < 0.01 vs diabetic kidney disease+normal glucose agomir.DKD: Diabetic kidney disease;FBG: Fasting blood glucose;24 h UP: 24-h urinary protein;BUN: Blood urea nitrogen;Scr: Serum creatinine;TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4;α-SMA: α-smooth muscle actin;IL: Interleukin;TNF: Tumor necrosis factor;NC agomir: Negative control of lentivirus.

    Effects of miR-630 overexpression on TLR4, TNF-α, IL-1β,and IL-6 in DKD rats

    The mRNA expression levels of miR-630 and TLR4 were measured using qRT-PCR.As shown in Figure 4B,no significant differences in the mRNA expression levels of miR-630 and TLR4 were observed between the DKD and the DKD+NC agomir groups.Compared with the DKD+NC agomir group,the mRNA expression of miR-630 in the DKD+miR-630 agomir group increased significantly,whereas the mRNA expression of TLR4 decreased significantly.The protein levels of IL-6,IL-1β,and TNF-α were detected by ELISA.As shown in Figure 4C,no significant difference in the contents of IL-6,IL-1β,and TNF-α was observed between the DKD group and the DKD+NC agomir group.Compared with the DKD+NC agomir group,the contents of IL-6,IL-1β,and TNF-α in the DKD+miR-630 agomir group decreased significantly.The expression levels of TLR4,E-cadherin,α-SMA,and collagen IV were detected by western blotting.As shown in Figure 4D,no significant difference in the expression levels of TLR4,E-cadherin,α-SMA and collagen IV was observed between the DKD group and the DKD+NC agomir group.Compared with the DKD+NC agomir group,the expression of E-cadherin protein in the DKD+miR-630 agomir group was significantly increased,whereas the expression of TLR4,α-SMA,and collagen IV protein was significantly decreased.

    Effects of overexpression of miR-630 on glomerular morphology in DKD rats

    The results of the HE test are shown in Figure 5A.In the DKD and DKD+NC agomir groups,glomerular swelling,TEC swelling or falling off,renal interstitial cells infiltrating inflammatory cells,and some mesangial hyperplasia and interstitial fibrosis were observed.Renal pathological changes were alleviated and were accompanied by a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration in the DKD+miR-630 agomir group.The Masson test results are shown in Figure 5B,and many blue-stained collagen fibers appeared in the renal glomeruli of rats in the DKD and DKD+NC agomir groups.Few blue-stained collagen fibers in the kidney tissue of rats were observed in the DKD+miR-630 agomir group.

    Figure 5 Effects of overexpression of miR-630 on glomerular morphology in diabetic kidney disease rats. A: Effect of overexpression of miR-630 on glomerular morphology in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) rats (hematoxylin and eosin,× 200);B: Effect of overexpression of miR-630 on glomerular morphology in DKD rats (Masson,× 200).DKD: Diabetic kidney disease;NC agomir: Negative control of lentivirus.

    DlSCUSSlON

    The prevalence of DKD has been increasing globally,with significant morbidity and mortality.The pathophysiology of DKD is complex and has not been elucidated to date.Numerous studies have now established the role of miRNA in the occurrence and progression of diabetic nephropathy[18].The expression levels of miR-21,miR-146a-5p,miR-10a-5p,miR-874,and miR-192 are significantly increased in diabetic nephropathy,whereas miR-26a-5p,miR-451,and miR-155 are expressed at low levels[17,19-21].Among them,miR-21 functions by targeting the PTEN gene,thereby promoting the activation of the Akt kinase signaling pathway,which in turn increases the production of the renal fibrosis proteins type I collagen a2 and mucin and glomerular hypertrophy[17].By targeting the ZEB1/2 gene,miR-192 activates the transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway,increasing the transcription of the renal fibrosis protein Coll2 and the amount of albumin in urine[21].

    The recently identified miRNA,miR-630,is a noncoding single-stranded RNA fragment with a length of 21-23 nucleotides that regulates gene expression at the translational level and participates in several pathophysiological processes,including cell proliferation and differentiation[22],apoptosis[23],and immune response[24].Aberrant expression of the miR-630 gene has been reported in numerous malignancies,such as liver,colon,and gastric cancers[14,25].Moreover,miR-630 is strongly associated with autophagy,cell proliferation,migration,and apoptosis[26-28].However,the expression and functions of miR-630 in the renal tissues of patients with DKD are unknown.A rat model of DKD was created by intraperitoneally injecting STZ.The 24-h urinary total protein,SCr,and BUN levels increased and the model rats manifested clear signs of diabetes.The model was successful because it revealed the characteristic renal pathological abnormalities of DKD when stained with Masson’s trichrome and HE.Furthermore,the expression of miR-630 was investigated,which was much lower in DKD renal tissue than in normal renal tissue,indicating that miR-630 may play a role in the pathogenesis of DKD.

    Inflammation is crucial for the pathogenesis of DKD[29].TLR4,the first confirmed member of the toll-like family in humans,can activate signaling pathways such as the nuclear factor-kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase family pathways after interacting with ligandsin vivo,which increases the production of inflammatory markers and activates an inflammatory response[30].Activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway is closely related to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy,and the expression of TLR4 and related inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β increases during the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy[31,32].This work used a bioinformatics website to predict that miR-630 may combine with the 3’-UTR of TLR4 and a twofold luciferase assay to confirm that TLR4 was the direct target of miR-630.Overexpression of miR-630 in DKD rats caused a decrease in TLR4 expression and the levels of the proinflammatory molecules TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β,demonstrating a negative regulatory link between miR-630 and TLR4.To prevent TLR4 from being translated and transcribed,miR-630 attaches to its 3’-UTR on the mRNA,which inhibits the synthesis of the proinflammatory protein TNF-α.In addition,overexpression of miR-630 in DKD rats led to an improvement in general health,an increase in weight,a drop in renal index,an improvement in urine protein and renal function,and a reduction in renal pathological damage.Consequently,miR-630 overexpression could reduce the inflammatory response and mesenchymal trans-differentiation of diabetic nephropathy.Moreover,the contents of TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β significantly decreased,and the expression of the renal tubular epithelial marker protein E-cadherin increased,whereas the expression of the mesenchymal marker proteins α-SMA and collagen IV decreased.

    In addition,as shown in Figure 4A,overexpression of miR-630 can significantly reduce blood glucose levels,which may prevent the progression of DKD.However,the role of miR-630 in promoting insulin secretion has not been demonstrated,which requires further study and exploration.In conclusion,this study showed that miR-630 targets TLR4,and inhibits the inflammatory response that results in DKD,and exerts protective effects on the kidney under diabetic conditions.

    CONCLUSlON

    To our knowledge,our study was the first to report that the expression of miR-630 in renal tissue is significantly lower in DKD rats than in normal rats.These results revealed the underlying mechanism by which miR-630 alleviates renal injury and inflammatory reactions in rats with DKD by targeting TLR4.Taken together,our findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of DKD and show that miR-630 may be a non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis and prediction of the prognosis of DKD.

    ARTlCLE HlGHLlGHTS

    Research background

    Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus.Numerous studies have demonstrated that tubular epithelial cell (TEC) damage,which is strongly associated with the inflammatory response and mesenchymal trans-differentiation,plays a significant role in DKD;however,the precise molecular mechanism is unknown.The recently identified microRNA-630 (miR-630) has been hypothesized to be closely associated with cell migration,apoptosis,and autophagy.

    Research motivation

    The relationship between miR-630 and DKD and the underlying mechanism remains unknown.

    Research objectives

    The object of this study is to investigate how miR-630 affects TEC injury and the inflammatory response in DKD rats.

    Research methods

    Streptozotocin was administered to six-week-old male rats to create a hyperglycemic diabetic model,and in the second week of modeling,the rats were divided into control,DKD,negative control lentivirus,and miR-630 overexpression groups.After eight weeks,urine and blood samples were collected for the kidney injury assay,and renal tissues were removed for further molecular assays,such as real-time polymerase chain reaction,western blotting,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and immunohistochemistry.The target gene for miR-630 was predicted using bioinformatics,andin vitroinvestigations and double luciferase reporter gene assays confirmed the association between miR-630 and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4).

    Research results

    The expression level of miR-630 was decreased in the kidney tissue of rats with DKD (P< 0.05).In vitroexperiments,the mRNA expression level of miR-630 was significantly lower in the high glucose (HG) and HG+mimic negative control (NC) groups than in the normal glucose group (P< 0.05).In contrast,the mRNA expression level of TLR4 was significantly higher in these groups (P< 0.05).The HG and HG+mimic NC groups showed a significant decrease in Ecadherin protein expression,whereas TLR4,α-smooth muscle actin (SMA),and collagen IV protein expression increased (P< 0.05).Conversely,compared with the HG+mimic NC group,a significant increase in E-cadherin protein expression and a notable decrease in TLR4,α-SMA,and collagen IV protein expression were observed in the HG+miR-630 mimic group (P< 0.05).In vivoexperiments,DKD rats treated with miR-630 agomir exhibited significantly higher miR-630 mRNA expression than DKD rats injected with agomir NC.Additionally,rats treated with miR-630 agomir showed significant reductions in urinary albumin,blood glucose,TLR4,and proinflammatory markers (TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6) expression levels (P< 0.05).Moreover,these rats exhibited fewer kidney lesions and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells.

    Research conclusions

    The miR-630 may inhibit the inflammatory reaction in DKD by targeting TLR4,and has a protective effect on DKD.

    Research perspectives

    The follow-up study needs to further confirm the expression difference of clinical human blood,urine or kidney tissue in diabetic nephropathy patients and its relationship with DKD staging,and further clarify the regulatory mechanism of its upstream signal pathway.

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

    I am really grateful to Professor Qiang He,my tutor,for giving me with a platform,funds,and essential help.I am particularly grateful to Professor Juan Jin for her constant supervision and assistance throughout the project’s execution.In addition,I’d like to thank Jiangsu University’s Dean Hui Qian and Dr.Cheng Ji for their excellent laboratory resources and expert guidance.Finally,I’d like to express my profound gratitude to Yi-Wen Li and Bo Lin,the Directors of Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital,for their tremendous guidance and support during my clinical and scientific study.

    FOOTNOTES

    Author contributions:Wu QS conceived and designed the experiments.Wu QS and Zheng DN performed the experiments,analysed the data,and prepared all the figures;Ji C,Qian H,Jin J,and He Q provided technical support;Wu QS wrote the manuscript;and all authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.

    Supported bythe Huadong Medicine Joint Funds of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.LHDMZ22H 050001;the Construction of Key Projects by Zhejiang Provincial Ministry,No.WKJ-ZJ-2302;the Zhejiang Province Chinese Medicine Modernization Program,No.2020ZX001;the Key Project of Scientific Research Foundation of Chinese Medicine,No.2022ZZ002;the “Pioneer” and “LeadingGoose” R&D Program of Zhejiang,No.2022C03118 and 2023C03075;and the Key Project of Basic Scientific Research Operating Funds of Hangzhou Medical College,No.KYZD202002.

    lnstitutional review board statement:This study did not involve human experimentation.

    lnstitutional animal care and use committee statement:The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Laboratory Animal of Jiangsu University Institutional Review Board (Approval No.UJS-IACUC-AP-2022081615).

    Conflict-of-interest statement:All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.

    Data sharing statement:No additional data are available.

    ARRlVE guidelines statement:The authors have read the ARRIVE guidelines,and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the ARRIVE guidelines.

    Open-Access:This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers.It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license,which permits others to distribute,remix,adapt,build upon this work non-commercially,and license their derivative works on different terms,provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

    Country/Territory of origin:China

    ORClD number:Qi-Shun Wu 0000-0003-4331-4280;Dan-Na Zheng 0000-0001-6451-8585;Hui Qian 0000-0002-0098-3196;Juan Jin 0000-0003-2513-4665;Qiang He 0000-0002-7460-649X.

    S-Editor:Wang JJ

    L-Editor:A

    P-Editor:Yuan YY

    青春草亚洲视频在线观看| 免费在线观看黄色视频的| 久久精品亚洲av国产电影网| 一级毛片电影观看| 侵犯人妻中文字幕一二三四区| 国产精品久久久av美女十八| av.在线天堂| 国产熟女午夜一区二区三区| av国产精品久久久久影院| 少妇 在线观看| 精品视频人人做人人爽| 1024视频免费在线观看| 国产精品三级大全| 亚洲国产色片| 少妇被粗大的猛进出69影院| 久久精品国产亚洲av高清一级| 亚洲国产av影院在线观看| 成年女人毛片免费观看观看9 | 国产精品 欧美亚洲| 欧美国产精品一级二级三级| av片东京热男人的天堂| 日韩制服骚丝袜av| 最黄视频免费看| 国产极品粉嫩免费观看在线| 久久这里只有精品19| 亚洲av免费高清在线观看| 国产精品嫩草影院av在线观看| www日本在线高清视频| 韩国高清视频一区二区三区| 最近2019中文字幕mv第一页| 婷婷色av中文字幕| 黄色一级大片看看| 国产一区二区在线观看av| 中文字幕av电影在线播放| 婷婷成人精品国产| 国产一区二区激情短视频 | 久久久久久久国产电影| 美女高潮到喷水免费观看| 免费观看a级毛片全部| 成人漫画全彩无遮挡| 少妇熟女欧美另类| 亚洲成av片中文字幕在线观看 | 老司机亚洲免费影院| 精品人妻一区二区三区麻豆| 亚洲国产精品一区二区三区在线| 各种免费的搞黄视频| 9191精品国产免费久久| tube8黄色片| 在线天堂最新版资源| 美女国产视频在线观看| 老司机影院成人| 天天影视国产精品| 交换朋友夫妻互换小说| 夫妻午夜视频| 妹子高潮喷水视频| 国产精品.久久久| 日韩伦理黄色片| av在线播放精品| 美女视频免费永久观看网站| 午夜福利在线免费观看网站| 成人国语在线视频| 9热在线视频观看99| 男女无遮挡免费网站观看| 亚洲国产精品一区二区三区在线| 久久ye,这里只有精品| 侵犯人妻中文字幕一二三四区| av视频免费观看在线观看| 精品人妻偷拍中文字幕| 日韩成人av中文字幕在线观看| 超碰97精品在线观看| 伦精品一区二区三区| 如日韩欧美国产精品一区二区三区| 久久久久久久久免费视频了| 丝瓜视频免费看黄片| 久久精品人人爽人人爽视色| 久久久久视频综合| 少妇人妻精品综合一区二区| 日韩,欧美,国产一区二区三区| 美女主播在线视频| 春色校园在线视频观看| 在线观看免费视频网站a站| 男的添女的下面高潮视频| 色哟哟·www| 国产精品99久久99久久久不卡 | 亚洲av中文av极速乱| av天堂久久9| 激情视频va一区二区三区| 亚洲久久久国产精品| 亚洲色图 男人天堂 中文字幕| 啦啦啦中文免费视频观看日本| 飞空精品影院首页| 香蕉丝袜av| 国产精品人妻久久久影院| 国产片特级美女逼逼视频| 人妻 亚洲 视频| 电影成人av| 国产人伦9x9x在线观看 | 日本wwww免费看| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区久久| 久久久精品免费免费高清| 亚洲精品日韩在线中文字幕| 精品第一国产精品| 丝瓜视频免费看黄片| 国产有黄有色有爽视频| 亚洲av福利一区| 水蜜桃什么品种好| 亚洲在久久综合| 国产欧美日韩综合在线一区二区| 99久久综合免费| 91成人精品电影| 亚洲av日韩在线播放| 一级毛片电影观看| 免费黄网站久久成人精品| 亚洲成色77777| 国产97色在线日韩免费| 亚洲精品第二区| 中文字幕人妻丝袜一区二区 | av在线播放精品| 久久精品国产鲁丝片午夜精品| 国产av码专区亚洲av| 在线观看三级黄色| 日韩一区二区三区影片| 午夜福利在线免费观看网站| 男女国产视频网站| 久久久久久免费高清国产稀缺| 国产在线视频一区二区| 亚洲国产欧美在线一区| 狂野欧美激情性bbbbbb| 免费少妇av软件| 18+在线观看网站| 国产片内射在线| 中文乱码字字幕精品一区二区三区| 国产日韩欧美亚洲二区| 熟女电影av网| 最黄视频免费看| 热re99久久国产66热| 国产一级毛片在线| 国产午夜精品一二区理论片| 国产女主播在线喷水免费视频网站| 中国三级夫妇交换| 亚洲四区av| 久久狼人影院| av网站免费在线观看视频| 国产人伦9x9x在线观看 | 夫妻性生交免费视频一级片| 一区二区av电影网| 午夜福利视频精品| 黑人巨大精品欧美一区二区蜜桃| 国产在线视频一区二区| 国产精品国产三级专区第一集| av又黄又爽大尺度在线免费看| 久久青草综合色| 自线自在国产av| 国产熟女欧美一区二区| 午夜福利视频精品| 蜜桃在线观看..| av免费观看日本| 午夜福利影视在线免费观看| 亚洲国产精品999| 观看av在线不卡| 亚洲精品国产av成人精品| 亚洲精品久久成人aⅴ小说| 久久精品亚洲av国产电影网| 亚洲四区av| 欧美激情 高清一区二区三区| 少妇人妻 视频| www日本在线高清视频| 尾随美女入室| 日韩三级伦理在线观看| 美女视频免费永久观看网站| 精品福利永久在线观看| 丝袜美足系列| 熟女av电影| 亚洲欧洲国产日韩| 亚洲欧美精品综合一区二区三区 | 国产成人精品婷婷| 在线观看www视频免费| 波野结衣二区三区在线| 精品第一国产精品| 欧美97在线视频| 国产精品一国产av| 黄色视频在线播放观看不卡| 久久久国产精品麻豆| 777米奇影视久久| 久久精品久久久久久久性| videosex国产| 国产精品一区二区在线不卡| 国产一区有黄有色的免费视频| 国产精品国产三级专区第一集| 大片免费播放器 马上看| 国产淫语在线视频| 亚洲伊人久久精品综合| 一边摸一边做爽爽视频免费| 夫妻性生交免费视频一级片| 午夜免费鲁丝| 日韩欧美一区视频在线观看| 日本vs欧美在线观看视频| 国产精品99久久99久久久不卡 | 搡女人真爽免费视频火全软件| 亚洲欧美中文字幕日韩二区| 亚洲av电影在线进入| 多毛熟女@视频| 精品99又大又爽又粗少妇毛片| 久久99一区二区三区| 精品少妇久久久久久888优播| av在线老鸭窝| 26uuu在线亚洲综合色| 亚洲一区中文字幕在线| 精品国产一区二区三区久久久樱花| 一级毛片电影观看| 午夜影院在线不卡| 人人妻人人澡人人看| 午夜激情av网站| 国产精品.久久久| 国产精品 欧美亚洲| 免费黄网站久久成人精品| a级毛片在线看网站| 嫩草影院入口| 99re6热这里在线精品视频| 各种免费的搞黄视频| 超碰97精品在线观看| 永久网站在线| 99久久综合免费| 亚洲欧美成人精品一区二区| 久久久国产一区二区| 亚洲国产欧美日韩在线播放| 满18在线观看网站| 久久午夜福利片| 久久久欧美国产精品| 美女国产视频在线观看| 黄色 视频免费看| 高清黄色对白视频在线免费看| 亚洲,一卡二卡三卡| 久久久久久久大尺度免费视频| 国产无遮挡羞羞视频在线观看| 欧美少妇被猛烈插入视频| 国产精品99久久99久久久不卡 | 在线免费观看不下载黄p国产| 日韩视频在线欧美| 黄频高清免费视频| 国产欧美日韩综合在线一区二区| 成人漫画全彩无遮挡| 秋霞在线观看毛片| 亚洲男人天堂网一区| 欧美日韩视频精品一区| 精品第一国产精品| 婷婷成人精品国产| 大香蕉久久网| 亚洲美女视频黄频| videossex国产| 午夜影院在线不卡| 中文天堂在线官网| 91久久精品国产一区二区三区| 少妇 在线观看| 人妻一区二区av| 亚洲美女视频黄频| 美女视频免费永久观看网站| 免费高清在线观看视频在线观看| 曰老女人黄片| 亚洲第一区二区三区不卡| 久久综合国产亚洲精品| kizo精华| 日本猛色少妇xxxxx猛交久久| 99久久人妻综合| 大香蕉久久成人网| 少妇人妻精品综合一区二区| 肉色欧美久久久久久久蜜桃| 国产成人免费无遮挡视频| 久久毛片免费看一区二区三区| 女人精品久久久久毛片| 亚洲精品国产av蜜桃| 丝袜人妻中文字幕| 不卡av一区二区三区| 免费大片黄手机在线观看| 男女高潮啪啪啪动态图| 在线观看免费视频网站a站| av片东京热男人的天堂| 国产在线一区二区三区精| 在线观看免费日韩欧美大片| 亚洲精品第二区| 国产成人精品久久久久久| 亚洲成人手机| 久久精品人人爽人人爽视色| 人人澡人人妻人| 精品一品国产午夜福利视频| 美女国产视频在线观看| 久久精品国产鲁丝片午夜精品| 欧美日韩视频精品一区| 免费看av在线观看网站| 精品福利永久在线观看| 一级毛片我不卡| 亚洲国产日韩一区二区| 成人18禁高潮啪啪吃奶动态图| 国产淫语在线视频| 2018国产大陆天天弄谢| 亚洲三级黄色毛片| 成年女人毛片免费观看观看9 | 99九九在线精品视频| 亚洲,欧美,日韩| 国产精品 欧美亚洲| 国产成人精品一,二区| 免费播放大片免费观看视频在线观看| 精品国产超薄肉色丝袜足j| 男的添女的下面高潮视频| 日韩免费高清中文字幕av| 国产一区二区激情短视频 | 亚洲中文av在线| 中国三级夫妇交换| 亚洲精品成人av观看孕妇| 下体分泌物呈黄色| 在线观看国产h片| 亚洲精品一区蜜桃| 人成视频在线观看免费观看| 在线观看美女被高潮喷水网站| 精品国产一区二区三区四区第35| 男人操女人黄网站| 亚洲国产精品成人久久小说| 大香蕉久久网| 久久久久国产一级毛片高清牌| 一区二区三区激情视频| 欧美最新免费一区二区三区| 又粗又硬又长又爽又黄的视频| 欧美精品亚洲一区二区| 成人亚洲精品一区在线观看| 制服人妻中文乱码| 亚洲少妇的诱惑av| 免费人妻精品一区二区三区视频| 日韩成人av中文字幕在线观看| 久久久国产欧美日韩av| 电影成人av| 午夜91福利影院| 91精品三级在线观看| 大片电影免费在线观看免费| 久热久热在线精品观看| 欧美精品人与动牲交sv欧美| 精品卡一卡二卡四卡免费| 国产av一区二区精品久久| 精品一区二区免费观看| 人妻少妇偷人精品九色| 黄色一级大片看看| 欧美国产精品一级二级三级| 纯流量卡能插随身wifi吗| 天天操日日干夜夜撸| 最近中文字幕高清免费大全6| 精品亚洲成a人片在线观看| 婷婷色麻豆天堂久久| 色婷婷久久久亚洲欧美| 成年人免费黄色播放视频| 色哟哟·www| 久久久久久久国产电影| 一区二区三区精品91| 咕卡用的链子| 欧美黄色片欧美黄色片| 中国三级夫妇交换| 黑人巨大精品欧美一区二区蜜桃| 日韩一卡2卡3卡4卡2021年| 伊人久久大香线蕉亚洲五| 日本午夜av视频| 啦啦啦啦在线视频资源| 亚洲色图 男人天堂 中文字幕| 在线观看www视频免费| 免费人妻精品一区二区三区视频| 亚洲成人一二三区av| 日本av免费视频播放| 日韩中文字幕欧美一区二区 | 18禁国产床啪视频网站| 天堂8中文在线网| 久久av网站| 久久久久人妻精品一区果冻| 亚洲男人天堂网一区| 国产精品女同一区二区软件| 亚洲精品美女久久av网站| 天美传媒精品一区二区| 女人久久www免费人成看片| 国产免费视频播放在线视频| 欧美日韩综合久久久久久| 午夜91福利影院| 人体艺术视频欧美日本| 我要看黄色一级片免费的| 久久人妻熟女aⅴ| av不卡在线播放| 高清黄色对白视频在线免费看| 国产老妇伦熟女老妇高清| 男女下面插进去视频免费观看| av女优亚洲男人天堂| 精品人妻偷拍中文字幕| 国产亚洲一区二区精品| 午夜av观看不卡| 欧美亚洲日本最大视频资源| 少妇被粗大猛烈的视频| 老熟女久久久| 最近最新中文字幕免费大全7| 日本91视频免费播放| 少妇的丰满在线观看| 国产xxxxx性猛交| 国产激情久久老熟女| 久热这里只有精品99| av一本久久久久| 亚洲第一青青草原| 亚洲精品av麻豆狂野| 五月开心婷婷网| 99久久综合免费| 国产精品av久久久久免费| 最近手机中文字幕大全| 边亲边吃奶的免费视频| 一区二区三区乱码不卡18| 看免费成人av毛片| 日韩电影二区| 永久免费av网站大全| 亚洲精品国产av成人精品| 黄色配什么色好看| 成人国产av品久久久| 波多野结衣一区麻豆| 日本爱情动作片www.在线观看| 女人高潮潮喷娇喘18禁视频| 成人国产麻豆网| 十八禁高潮呻吟视频| 爱豆传媒免费全集在线观看| 考比视频在线观看| 久久久久久久精品精品| 90打野战视频偷拍视频| 免费日韩欧美在线观看| 视频在线观看一区二区三区| 香蕉精品网在线| 又大又黄又爽视频免费| 丁香六月天网| 午夜久久久在线观看| 国产成人午夜福利电影在线观看| xxxhd国产人妻xxx| 99国产综合亚洲精品| 老司机影院成人| 午夜日本视频在线| 女的被弄到高潮叫床怎么办| 最近最新中文字幕免费大全7| 美女中出高潮动态图| 国产亚洲最大av| 久久av网站| 亚洲精品av麻豆狂野| 国产av精品麻豆| 日韩欧美精品免费久久| 男女下面插进去视频免费观看| 少妇 在线观看| 亚洲熟女精品中文字幕| 国产亚洲精品第一综合不卡| 男女边吃奶边做爰视频| 捣出白浆h1v1| 午夜福利影视在线免费观看| 91午夜精品亚洲一区二区三区| 久久久久久免费高清国产稀缺| 国产极品粉嫩免费观看在线| 天天影视国产精品| 激情五月婷婷亚洲| 欧美激情极品国产一区二区三区| 国产精品久久久久成人av| 伊人亚洲综合成人网| 麻豆乱淫一区二区| 搡女人真爽免费视频火全软件| 亚洲国产毛片av蜜桃av| 亚洲精品国产色婷婷电影| 欧美人与善性xxx| 99久久综合免费| 最近最新中文字幕大全免费视频 | 亚洲成人av在线免费| 亚洲综合精品二区| 满18在线观看网站| 性色av一级| 成人国产麻豆网| 国产精品久久久av美女十八| 搡老乐熟女国产| 免费大片黄手机在线观看| 午夜福利影视在线免费观看| 午夜日本视频在线| 熟妇人妻不卡中文字幕| 国产成人精品婷婷| 中文字幕人妻丝袜一区二区 | av在线app专区| 深夜精品福利| videossex国产| 中文天堂在线官网| 国产一级毛片在线| 国产精品亚洲av一区麻豆 | 最新的欧美精品一区二区| 国产一级毛片在线| 各种免费的搞黄视频| 免费看不卡的av| 啦啦啦在线免费观看视频4| 你懂的网址亚洲精品在线观看| 国产精品免费视频内射| 99热国产这里只有精品6| 一级爰片在线观看| 两个人看的免费小视频| 最近中文字幕2019免费版| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区国产| 欧美日韩一级在线毛片| 久久久久久久亚洲中文字幕| 久久综合国产亚洲精品| 熟女电影av网| 青春草国产在线视频| 亚洲国产av影院在线观看| 成年动漫av网址| 日本爱情动作片www.在线观看| 精品国产乱码久久久久久男人| 免费黄色在线免费观看| 国产麻豆69| 在线观看免费视频网站a站| 看免费av毛片| 黄频高清免费视频| 热re99久久精品国产66热6| 国产精品秋霞免费鲁丝片| 久久婷婷青草| 黄色毛片三级朝国网站| 中文天堂在线官网| 午夜精品国产一区二区电影| 亚洲精品国产一区二区精华液| 十八禁网站网址无遮挡| 免费日韩欧美在线观看| 免费观看a级毛片全部| 国产精品久久久av美女十八| 国产成人av激情在线播放| 精品国产乱码久久久久久男人| 麻豆乱淫一区二区| 国产成人免费观看mmmm| 熟女av电影| 天天躁日日躁夜夜躁夜夜| 国产黄色免费在线视频| 高清在线视频一区二区三区| 国产精品一区二区在线不卡| 美女脱内裤让男人舔精品视频| 欧美日韩精品网址| 中文字幕人妻熟女乱码| 精品一区二区三卡| 中文字幕av电影在线播放| 永久免费av网站大全| 国产精品蜜桃在线观看| 国产激情久久老熟女| 亚洲中文av在线| 97人妻天天添夜夜摸| 视频区图区小说| 精品人妻在线不人妻| av卡一久久| 麻豆av在线久日| 天天躁夜夜躁狠狠躁躁| 国产亚洲午夜精品一区二区久久| 美女高潮到喷水免费观看| 国产精品久久久久久精品电影小说| 少妇被粗大猛烈的视频| 久热这里只有精品99| 亚洲成人手机| 汤姆久久久久久久影院中文字幕| 91成人精品电影| 国产综合精华液| 天堂中文最新版在线下载| 老汉色∧v一级毛片| 国产一区亚洲一区在线观看| 十八禁网站网址无遮挡| av女优亚洲男人天堂| 久久久久精品久久久久真实原创| h视频一区二区三区| 久久韩国三级中文字幕| 亚洲精品日韩在线中文字幕| 丁香六月天网| 人人妻人人添人人爽欧美一区卜| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区黑人 | 久久久久国产一级毛片高清牌| 老汉色av国产亚洲站长工具| 久久久久精品性色| 久久这里只有精品19| 18禁国产床啪视频网站| 久久国内精品自在自线图片| 69精品国产乱码久久久| 亚洲精品久久成人aⅴ小说| 丝袜美足系列| 久久99精品国语久久久| 国产日韩欧美在线精品| 黄色毛片三级朝国网站| 亚洲av国产av综合av卡| 国产日韩欧美亚洲二区| 午夜免费鲁丝| 边亲边吃奶的免费视频| 亚洲伊人色综图| 成人18禁高潮啪啪吃奶动态图| 久久人妻熟女aⅴ| 中文字幕亚洲精品专区| 伦理电影免费视频| 欧美日韩一区二区视频在线观看视频在线| 丝袜在线中文字幕| 欧美国产精品一级二级三级| 国产av精品麻豆| 999精品在线视频| 久久久国产一区二区| 人人妻人人澡人人爽人人夜夜| 在线免费观看不下载黄p国产| 成人国语在线视频| 久久鲁丝午夜福利片| 国产精品99久久99久久久不卡 | 我要看黄色一级片免费的| 最黄视频免费看| 国产又色又爽无遮挡免| 2021少妇久久久久久久久久久| 日韩中字成人| 国产成人午夜福利电影在线观看| 99久久精品国产国产毛片| 少妇被粗大猛烈的视频| 亚洲视频免费观看视频| 最近手机中文字幕大全| 99香蕉大伊视频| 蜜桃在线观看..| 五月天丁香电影| 极品人妻少妇av视频| 久久精品国产亚洲av涩爱| 欧美精品亚洲一区二区| 成人国产av品久久久| 日韩av在线免费看完整版不卡| 日日啪夜夜爽| av国产精品久久久久影院|