斯科爾科沃科學(xué)技術(shù)研究院

斯科爾科沃位于莫斯科的三環(huán)，在克里姆林宮以西17公里，是政府計(jì)劃開(kāi)發(fā)的城市新區(qū)。斯科爾科沃的目標(biāo)是建立一個(gè)全球知名的創(chuàng)新技術(shù)中心，融合各項(xiàng)研究和生產(chǎn)的機(jī)構(gòu)，為大型公司和新興公司提供總部駐地。在這里還有俄羅斯的理工學(xué)院，雖然剛建校不久，但她正在與斯科爾科沃一同成長(zhǎng)，旨在成為莫斯科、俄羅斯，乃至是全世界杰出的教育和研究中心。

赫爾佐格和德梅隆建筑事務(wù)所以理工學(xué)院為中心，對(duì)第3區(qū)的進(jìn)行了總體性規(guī)劃。這個(gè)規(guī)劃由三階段工程構(gòu)成，將分別建設(shè)三個(gè)環(huán)形建筑，包括東環(huán)（East Ring）、集市（The Agora）和西環(huán)（West Ring）。理工學(xué)院將被作為該區(qū)建設(shè)的核心，成為斯科爾科沃未來(lái)發(fā)展的奠基石。

最外部的圓環(huán)體量直徑達(dá)到280米，而內(nèi)部則有兩個(gè)較小的圓環(huán)，它們可容納所有的共用學(xué)術(shù)設(shè)施和公共空間。環(huán)形的設(shè)計(jì)將所有的區(qū)域連接成為一個(gè)貫通的回路。外環(huán)體量容納教職員辦公室、行政和會(huì)議空間，而內(nèi)環(huán)體量則容納教學(xué)和學(xué)習(xí)空間，主禮堂位于中央交叉點(diǎn)。

中央庭院的面積最大，從所有的圓環(huán)體量和大部分的矩形體量都可以看到，這里可用于舉行正式的活動(dòng)以及師生們課余的休憩。內(nèi)部庭院有各種各樣的大小，并通過(guò)各種廊道相連。這些廊道要么穿過(guò)圓環(huán)體量中，要么穿過(guò)矩形體量的一角，它們構(gòu)建了豐富的路線，并連接著所有的外部入口。我們?cè)趦?nèi)庭和建筑周?chē)N植了統(tǒng)一的植被，它們將隨著理工學(xué)院的發(fā)展而不斷成長(zhǎng)，并將理工學(xué)院的景觀與莫斯科周?chē)纳志坝^融為一體。

環(huán)形和矩形體量都覆蓋著“鰭”，用于控制日光并統(tǒng)一外墻，賦予建筑一種整體的質(zhì)感。我們使用外墻涂層來(lái)區(qū)分各個(gè)環(huán)形和矩形體量。環(huán)形體量的內(nèi)部采用天然橡木地板和墻壁系統(tǒng)，外部采用西伯利亞落葉松制作的木制“鰭”。而矩形體量的實(shí)驗(yàn)室則采用工業(yè)乙烯基地板和鋁制墻壁系統(tǒng)，外部則采用白色鋁制“鰭”。連續(xù)混凝土臺(tái)基和連續(xù)的波浪形屋頂也增添了整個(gè)建筑的統(tǒng)一性。同時(shí)整體性的外立面設(shè)計(jì)將所有元素整合為一體，使這棟建筑與該區(qū)總體規(guī)劃中的其它建筑物相互區(qū)分。盡管如此，該建筑與周?chē)慕ㄖ坝^保持著和諧均衡的狀態(tài)。

這棟建筑的設(shè)計(jì)既具有集合的統(tǒng)一性和宏偉的紀(jì)念性，又通過(guò)傳統(tǒng)材料的使用，公共庭院的設(shè)置，展現(xiàn)了該建筑開(kāi)放的個(gè)性。

Skolkovo is the Russian government initiative for a new urban community at the 3rd ring of Moscow， 17 km west from the Kremlin. Built ex nihilo， the aim of Skolkovo is to create a globally reputed centre for innovative 21st century technology， embracing research and production， with administrative headquarters for both established and emerging companies， schools， institutes， and a new university. The Skoltech University， as a newly founded institution， rises together with the rest of Skolkovo， and aims to be a distinguished educational and research centre for Moscow， Russia and the whole world.

Herzog amp; de Meuron designed the conceptual master plan of District 3 with the University as its centrepiece. Comprised of three circular shapes and phases – the East Ring， the Agora and the West Ring – the emerging Skoltech University is envisioned as a nucleus， a distinctive core of the District， and a founding stone of Skolkovo.

An outer ring of 280 metres diameter and two smaller inner rings host all the shared academic facilities and public spaces. The curved shapes connect all zones in a single loop. The outer ring accommodates the faculty offices， administration and meeting spaces， while the inner rings house the teaching and learning spaces， with the main auditorium at the central crossing point.

The largest of the courtyards – the Central Yard – is visible from all the rings and most of the blocks， and is a main destination for formal ceremonies and everyday relaxation. The courtyards have diverse sizes and are connected via similarly varied passages， which either pass under the rings or carve through the corners of the blocks， offering a multitude of paths through the University， and accommodating all public entrances into the building. The uniform planting of the courtyards and around the East Ring， will become an essential element of the experience of Skoltech as it matures， and will integrate the University landscape with the natural forests around Moscow.

The University rings and blocks are clad with fins that control the daylight and unify the facades， giving them overall texture and depth. Finish materials distinguish the rings and blocks on the inside and outside. The rings have natural oak floor and wall systems in the interior， and Siberian larch fins on the exterior， while the blocks have industrial vinyl floor and aluminum wall systems in the labs， and white aluminum fins on the exterior. The building envelope is unified by a continuous concrete bench at the base and by connected sloping roofs at the top which， along with the overall fac?ade， bring together all the elements into one integrated whole and set the University apart from the other buildings in the master plan. The scheme nonetheless remains fully integrated with its surroundings.

Skoltech is integrated， permeable and monumental at the same time， by virtue of its low-rise architecture， numerous openings， and views on the interior， the series of publically accessible courtyards， and traditional materials.