西班牙外換銀行總部

地理位置：西班牙外換銀行（BBVA）新總部位于首都馬德里的北部城郊，該地塊面向高速公路，周邊的新建辦公室、商業(yè)建筑以及住宅將該地塊包圍。當(dāng)銀行收購該地塊時，當(dāng)中八座未完工的建筑占據(jù)了地塊很大一部分面積，并且更多的現(xiàn)有建筑將被納入新的開發(fā)項目計劃中。

一塊地毯：一座三層樓的線性建筑建在具有一定坡度的地塊上，這座建筑包含庭院、通道以及灌溉花園，像阿拉伯花園文化中的一塊地毯一樣。設(shè)計師選擇主觀化整個綜合體，圍繞BBVA的需求設(shè)計其功能。這是因為周邊建筑沒什么特殊性，因此沒什么能夠與其關(guān)聯(lián)的。低層建筑促進了交流溝通：人們不用乘電梯，取而代之的是靠步行上樓梯，鼓勵了信息交換；同時最大化視覺的透明度，這樣，每個人對社區(qū)都能有清晰的主觀印象；相對較小的工作團體也有識別該群體的特定工作組。

新總部可容納6000人。項目開發(fā)的地點和規(guī)模都要求找到一個激進的解決方案，設(shè)計師選擇在這個匿名的城市景觀中創(chuàng)造一個向內(nèi)的綠洲，建立自然和建筑的平衡，并且其功能像一個小城市和大花園。

改建現(xiàn)有建筑以配合新建筑，并且創(chuàng)建線性的辦公室和花園。它們要么被“切割”或者“填充”到整體“面料”中。

南部建筑風(fēng)格：這是一個原始建筑，其結(jié)構(gòu)被突出地表現(xiàn)出來。該設(shè)計受到太陽光強烈影響，最終形成這種南部建筑風(fēng)格。沿著狹長的內(nèi)部花園及內(nèi)部街道，混凝土柱和懸臂樓板提供對過強陽光的保護，這也減少了對空調(diào)的需求。玻璃幕墻為辦公室提供了良好的日照條件，以減少人工照明。

綜合體的外圍使用了固定在樓板之間的遮陽板（Brise-soleils），與現(xiàn)代盛行的從參考文件里介紹的不同，這些遮陽板是在下方以一定角度切出，在保證最少遮擋的前提下提供更多的視角觀景和日照光，因此而導(dǎo)致這些遮陽板由于不同角度和大小的位置而不同。這種傾斜的場地也提供了一個微妙卻影響建筑立面的結(jié)果：遮陽板也隨著建筑高度不同而相異。

馬德里天際線定位BBVA：從地毯中“切下”一個圓形廣場，然后就好像這個體量向上傾斜，成為一座纖細的塔樓標志著馬德里天際線上的BBVA。與底層辦公室相比，塔樓提供了另一種類型的工作空間，可同時欣賞城市和山脈景色。廣場有數(shù)百棵樹，周圍有各種公共設(shè)施。廣場和塔樓共同為建筑綜合體提供入口指引。

At the Periphery of the Capital： BBVA’s new headquarters is located on the northern periphery of Madrid. The site faces the highway and is surrounded by newly built offices， commercial buildings， and residential developments. When the bank acquired the site， eight unfinished office buildings occupied a substantial portion of the land， and as much of the existing buildings as possible were to be incorporated into the new development.

A Carpet： A linear structure of three-story buildings， with courtyards， passages and irrigated gardens， is laid over the entire site – which has a considerable slope – like a carpet， analogous to an Arabian garden. We chose to “internalize” the complex， to design it uniquely around the inner needs of BBVA， given that the surroundings didn’t have much identity， there simply wasn’t much to relate to. The low-rise arrangement fosters communication： instead of taking elevators， people walk up stairs that encourage informal exchange; maximized visual transparency gives everybody a view and generates a sense of community; whilst the relatively small units permit employees to identify with their particular workgroup.

The new headquarters is designed for 6000 pax. Both the site and the scale of the development challenged us to find a radical solution – we choose to create an inward looking oasis in this otherwise anonymous urban landscape， a place that establishes a balance between the natural and the built and that functions both like a small city and a big garden.

The existing buildings are altered to tie in with the new structures， and to create offices and gardens of similar linearity and scale. They are either cut out or filled in to be integrated into the overall “fabric”.

A Southern Type of Architecture： It is a raw architecture， one where the structure is prominently expressed. It is a design that is informed by the strong influence of the solar conditions， which ultimately results in a southern type of architecture. Along the rather narrow inner gardens and streets， concrete columns and cantilevering floor slabs provide shade to prevent excessive sun， which reduces demand for air conditioning. The full height but recessed glazing provides good daylight conditions in the offices in order to minimize artificial lighting.

Along the periphery of the complex we developed brise-soleils that are fixed in between the floor slabs. Unlike the prominent modern references， these are cut out in the lower part at an angle to provide more view and daylight where protection is needed least- resulting in figurative element that vary in direction and size according to the solar angle and program. The sloping site creates another subtle yet influential consequence on the facade as the brise-soleils adjust in height.

Locating BBVA in the Madrid Skyline： A round like plaza is cut out of the carpet， and then， it is as if this mass were tilted upward to become a very slim tower to mark BBVA in the Madrid skyline. In contrast to the low-rise offices， the tower offers another type of workspace， with views across the city and to the mountains. The plaza is planted with hundreds of trees and surrounded by various communal facilities. Together， the plaza and the tower provide orientation to the entire complex.