Old castles in England英國的古老城堡

孫啟祿

Berkhamsted Castle

1 Built in 1066 by Robert of Mortain， Berkhamsted Castle is theoldest castle in England. In 1216， the castle was captured by LouisⅧ and was owned by several members of the royal family in the follow?ing years. By the 15th century， the castle became unpopular with areputation as being unfit for the royal leaders. A conical motte （城堡丘陵） stands at the northeast corner of the castle. The London?Birmingham Railway was di?rected through the castle. Berkhamsted was the first castle to be protected by an Act of Par?liament （議會）.

Norwich Castle

2 The Norwich Castle was built between 1066 and 1075 in Nor?wich， England by William the Conqueror to keep the newly acquiredkingdom of East Anglia in subjection （屈服）. The castle is fitted withan entry that is 88ft long and 68ft high. The southern half of the castleis divided into several rooms including a fireplace， a private king's room， and a chapel （小教堂）. Since its construction， the castle has served as a garrison （駐防地）， a county prison，and currently acts as a museum. The Norwich Castle Museum & Art Gallery houses a col?lection of art， archaeology， and national exhibitions.

Warwick Castle

3 Warwick Castle in Warwickshire， England， was built in 1068by William the Conqueror. The original castle was built of wood be?fore being rebuilt in stone in the 12th century. A river flows belowthe castle on the eastern side where eroding rock has formed acliff that acts as a natural barrier. The castle has been open to the public since the 17thcentury and has become a significant part of history of 19th century England.

Lincoln Castle

4 Lincoln Castle in Lincoln， England， was constructed in 1068 byWilliam the Conqueror to replace a Roman fortress （堡壘） that occu?pied the land. It is one of two castles that have two mottes， the otherone being Lewes Castle. It is one of the best?preserved castles in Eng?land after serving as a prison and a law court. It is now open to the public as a museum.

Reading

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1. What can we learn about Berkhamsted Castle？

A. The kings family once lived in it.

B. It was constructed by Louis Ⅷ.

C. It lies in the northeast corner of England.

D. It is the newest?preserved castle in England.

2. What is special about Warwick Castle？

A. It was built as a museum.

B. It was a wooden castle at first.

C. It was built as a natural barrier.

D. It was built by William the Conqueror in 1067.

3. What do Norwich Castle and Lincoln Castle have in common？

A. They both have two mottes.

B. They were built at the same time.

C. They act as museums at present.

D. They were once used as the king's palace.

Ⅱ. 語句分析

1. A river flows below the castle on the eastern side where eroding rock has formed acliff that acts as a natural barrier. 一條河流流經(jīng)城堡東側(cè)的下方，侵蝕的巖石形成了峭壁，這種峭壁充當(dāng)了天然屏障。

【點石成金】本句是一個主從復(fù)合句。A river flows below the castle on the easternside是主句，where eroding rock has formed a cliff是限制性定語從句。

2. The castle has been open to the public since the 17th century and has become a sig?nificant part of history of 19th century England. 這座城堡自17世紀(jì)開始向公眾開放，并成為19世紀(jì)英格蘭歷史的重要組成部分。

【點石成金】本句是一個簡單句。句子的主干The castle has been open...and hasbecome a significant part是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。

? 語言運用

Ⅰ. 例句仿寫

1. 當(dāng)我看到那張老照片時，我總是回想起我們相遇的場景。

As I saw the old photo， I always looked back on the scene .

2. 我的家鄉(xiāng)是一個三面環(huán)山的美麗村莊。

My hometown is a beautiful village .

Ⅱ. 寫作實踐

假定你是李華，你和父母決定暑假期間到英國旅游，打算去參觀幾座著名的城堡。請你給英國好友Alice寫一封郵件，讓她推薦幾處。要點如下：

1. 計劃去旅游的時間和天數(shù)；

2. 希望她推薦幾處城堡。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)80左右；

2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Dear Alice，_____________________________________

Yours