• <tr id="yyy80"></tr>
  • <sup id="yyy80"></sup>
  • <tfoot id="yyy80"><noscript id="yyy80"></noscript></tfoot>
  • 99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

    Nacre-inspired interface structure design of polymer bonded explosives toward significantly enhanced mechanical performance

    2023-10-09 04:29:20PengWangYoulongChenLiMengYinshuangSunYuDaiXinLiJieChenZhijianYangGuansongHe
    Defence Technology 2023年9期

    Peng Wang,You-long Chen,Li Meng,Yin-shuang Sun,Yu Dai,Xin Li,Jie Chen,Zhi-jian Yang ,Guan-song He

    Institute of Chemical Material,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang,621900,China

    Keywords:Polymer bonded explosives Nacre-like structural layer Graphene Cellulose Mechanical properties

    ABSTRACT Realizing effective enhancement to the structure of interface region between explosive crystals and polymer binder plays a key role in improving the mechanical properties of the current polymer bonded explosives (PBXs).Herein,inspired by the structure of natural nacre which possesses outstanding mechanical performance,a kind of nacre-like structural layer is constructed in the interface region of PBXs composites,making use of two-dimensional graphene sheets and one-dimensional bio-macromolecules of cellulose as inorganic and organic building blocks,respectively.Our results reveal that the constructed nacre-like structural layer can effectively improve the interfacial strength and then endow the PBXs composites with significantly enhanced mechanical properties involving of creep resistance,Brazilian strength and fracture toughness,demonstrating the obvious advantage of such bioinspired interface structure design strategy.In addition,the thermal conduction performance of PBXs composites also exhibits noticeable enhancement due to the remarkable phonon transport capability endowed by the asdesigned nacre-like structural layer.We believe this work provides a novel design route to conquer the issue of weak interfacial strength in PBXs composites and greatly increase the comprehensive properties for better meeting the higher requirements proposed to the explosive part of weapon equipment in new era.

    1.Introduction

    Polymer bonded explosives (PBXs) consisting of ultrahighcontent explosive crystals (90-95% by weight) and small amount of polymer binder,are now widely used in both military and civil fields on account of their well-balanced high energy,good safety and easy-processing performance [1,2].However,the mechanical incompatibility between explosive crystals and polymer binder often makes the interface region of PBXs composites as the main weak points.As a result,the cracks and damage are possibly generated in the interface region during the storage,transportation and application processes which will severely threatens the use reliability and safety of the weapon systems[3,4].Hence,in order to further dramatically increase the environmental adaptability of the PBXs composites and better meet the higher requirements proposed to the explosive part of weapon equipment in new era,one of the key points is to greatly increase the mechanical strength of interface region in PBXs composites.

    In recent years,considerable efforts have been devoted to strengthening the interfacial interactions of PBXs composites and one of the effective ways is to chemically modify the explosive crystals,endowing them with some specific functional groups which can form strong bonding interactions with polymer binder molecules[2,5-16].Among those chemical modification strategies,employing thein-situpolymerization of dopamine approach has attracted a lot of attentions of the scientific researchers,which not only possesses the advantages of facile preparation,good coating effect and strong interfacial interactions,but also provides a large amount of reaction sites derived from the resultant polydopamine(PDA) molecules for further chemical modification.He et al.used PDA to coat 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) crystals and the results showed that the PBXs composites containing the TATB crystals coated with PDA exhibited largely improved mechanical properties (tensile and compression strength,etc.)due to the enhanced interfacial interactions between TATB crystals and polymer binder [2].Lin et al.had coated three kinds of explosive crystals which included TATB,2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105) and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX)with PDA and the subsequent fabricated PBXs composites also presented enhanced mechanical properties [11].Moreover,when some specific polymer chains such as hyperbranched polymer molecules were grafted onto PDA layer,the interfacial interactions could be further enhanced,leading to the higher improvement efficiency in mechanical properties of PBXs composites [12,14,15].Despite those progresses,the relatively weak constructed interfacial interactions(such as hydrogen bonding,polar interactions etc.)and poor intrinsic mechanical strength of the introduced interfacial reinforcing agent are not desirable for optimizing the structure of interface region.It is still in high demand to develop a novel effective strategy for significantly improving the strength of the interface structure.

    In nature,a lot of composites exhibit one or more intrinsic unique superior properties mainly resulting from their special components and structures.Absorbing inspirations from those natural composites,many advanced functional materials have been designed and fabricated successfully.Nacre,due to its integration of extraordinary strength and toughness resulting from the highly ordered brick-and-mortar arrangement of inorganic tablets of calcium carbonate(95 vol%)and organic biomacromolecules(5 vol%),has promoted the constructions of a series of nacre-mimic composites with remarkable mechanical performance thus far[17-25].Based on the outstanding mechanical,thermal and electrical properties,graphene as well as its derivatives have been extensively used as ideal inorganic building blocks for constructing nacre-like materials [19-27] and the final obtained materials always exhibit far superior mechanical performance including strength and toughness than that of natural nacre[25-27].On the other hand,the biomacromolecules of cellulose contains a large amount of hydroxyl groups which can form strong interactions with other materials.In addition,cellulose also exhibits the advantages of high specific strength and modulus,good biocompatibility and low cost.Thus,many researchers have adopted the cellulose molecules as the superior organic building blocks to construct artificial nacre-like materials [25-29].Considering the intrinsic weak mechanical strength of the interface structure of PBX composites,constructing strong and tough nacre-like structure in the interface region is expected to be a promising way for significantly improving the mechanical performance of PBX composites.

    In the current study,we have successfully designed and fabricated a novel nacre-like structure(NLS)layer in the interface region of PBXs composites.The graphene sheets and cellulose were used as inorganic and organic building blocks,respectively.By optimizing the compatibility of NLS layer to the explosive crystals as well as the relative contents of building blocks in NLS layer,remarkable improvement in mechanical performance of PBXs composites was achieved only with quite a few amount loading of graphene and cellulose.This work provides a new avenue to conquer the issue of weak interfacial strength in PBXs composites and greatly increase the mechanical properties for better meeting the high requirements proposed to the explosive part of weapon equipment in new era.

    2.Experimental section

    2.1.Materials

    TATB crystals with particle size about 20 μm were provided by Institute of Chemical Materials,CAEP,China.The copolymer of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) used as the polymer binder was provided by Zhonghao Chenguang Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.China.The water soluble graphene sheets with about 5 μm in width and 2 nm in thickness were purchased from Deyang Xitan Nano Technology Co.,Ltd.China which was shown in Fig.S1 in supporting information.The cellulose molecules prepared with the TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation method were purchased from Tianjin Woodelf Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.Dopamine hydrochloride and(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane(Tris,99%) were provided by Sigma-Aldrich.The other reagents of analytical grade were commercially purchased and all the materials and reagents were used as received.

    2.2.Construction of NLS layer

    First,the TATB crystals were coated with PDA molecules through the in situ surface polymerization of dopamine strategy according to the previous study[2].Then the PDA coated TATB(pTATB)were added into the aqueous solution containing the mixture of graphene sheets and cellulose molecules.After vigorous stirring for 2 h,the aqueous solution was heated to 90 ℃ to distill the water under stirring.When most of the water evaporated,the products were transformed into a vacuum oven at 60 ℃ for 24 h to remove the residual water.Through this way,the NLS layer was constructed on the surface of TATB crystals and the structure of NLS layer can be easily tuned by changing the mass ratio of graphene to cellulose.

    2.3.Preparation of PBXs composites

    The typical water suspension method was used to prepare PBXs composites for the subsequent hot compression molding process[2,30].After the addition of polymer binder,the final PBXs composites with the NLS layer in the interface region between explosive crystals and polymer binder could be obtained.Subsequently,the products were subjected to a hot compression molding process under 120 ℃ and 400 MPa for 5 min to get the final PBXs composites (named as PBX-N composites) for further characterization and study.For comparison,the pure PBXs composites with only TATB crystals and polymer binder (named as PBX-0 composites)and PBXs composites with pTATB crystals and polymer binder(named as PBX-P composites)were also prepared.For all the PBXs composites,the contents of the explosive crystals were fixed as 95 wt% while the contents of other materials which include polymer binder,PDA layer and NLS layer were 5 wt% in total.

    2.4.Characterization

    The morphologies of the explosive crystals and PBXs composites were characterized with Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM,JSM-6390LV,Zeiss).The Brazilian tests were analyzed using a universal testing machine (INSTRON 5582) at ambient temperature and the dimension of the specimen was 20 × 6 mm2(diameter × thickness).The creep properties of the PBXs composites were conducted by a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA 242C,Netzsch,Germany) with a three-point bending sample holder.The dimension of the specimen was 30 × 10 × 1.5-2 mm3(length × width × thickness).The thermal conductivity of the PBXs composites was tested by a 2500S Hot-Disk thermal constant analyzer with sample dimension of 20 × 6 mm2(diameter × thickness).

    3.Results and discussion

    3.1.Construction of NLS layer in the interface region of PBX-N composites

    The construction process of NLS layer in PBX-N composites was schematically shown in Fig.1.In order to improve the compatibility of NLS layer to the explosive crystals,the TATB crystals are first coated with polydopamine (PDA) molecules through thein-situpolymerization of dopamine strategy according to the previous study[2].The water-soluble graphene sheets and cellulose are used here to guarantee their uniform dispersion states in the aqueous system.Moreover,the oxygen-containing groups of graphene sheets and cellulose are quite helpful for forming strong interfacial interactions with PDA molecules (indicated by the Fourier transform infrared spectra characterization in Fig.S1 in Supporting Information).During the mixing and distillation processes,the formation of strong π-π interactions,hydrogen bonding,etc.among PDA,graphene sheets and cellulose are expected to contribute to the adhesion of both graphene sheets and cellulose to the surface of pTATB crystals,which is beneficial to the formation of NLS layer [19,21,24].With further addition of polymer binder,the NLS layer is successfully constructed in the interface region between TATB crystals and polymer binder system targeted enhanced mechanical properties of the PBX-N composites after hot compression procedure.

    The construction of NLS layer can change the surface morphologies of TATB crystals.As shown in Fig.2(a),the neat TATB crystals present relatively flat and smooth surface structure.After being coated by PDA molecules,the surface of pTATB crystals become rough and curled due to the formation of PDA aggregates(Fig.2(b))[2,12].With the addition of graphene sheets(marked as pTATB-G),as displayed in Figs.2(c) and 2(d),due to the strong hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions between graphene and PDA molecules,the graphene sheets are tightly adhered to the surface of explosive crystals (indicated by the red arrows in Fig.2(d)),which is the prerequisite for enhancing the compatibility between explosive crystals and the subsequent constructed NLS layer.After further incorporation of cellulose molecules(marked as pTATB-NLS),benefiting from the oxygen-containing groups of graphene sheets and cellulose,hydrogen bonding interactions are also formed in between them,which make the cellulose molecules tightly wrap the graphene sheets (as presented in Figs.2(e) and 2(f),the red and green arrows in Fig.2(f) indicate the graphene sheets and cellulose,respectively),forming a dense brick and mortar microstructure and completing the construction of NLS layer on the surface of TATB crystals.On the other hand,in the absence of PDA coating layer (marked as TATB-NLS),as shown in Figs.2(g) and 2(h),the interfacial interactions between NLS layer and TATB crystals are quite weak which cause the graphene sheets and the cellulose(indicated by the red and green arrows in Fig.2(h),respectively) almost detach from the TATB crystals.Thus,the results directly demonstrate the PDA coating layer is important to improve the compatibility of NLS layer to the explosive crystals.

    The effect of constructed NLS layer to the chemical structure of the explosive crystals were investigated by FTIR and Raman spectra characterizations.As shown in Fig.3(a),for pure TATB,the characteristic peaks of FTIR spectrum at 3206 and 3313 cm-1are respectively attributed to the symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of -NH2group while the stretching vibration of-NO2group appears at 1323 cm-1[13-15].After coating PDA and further construction of NLS layer,the corresponding explosive crystals exhibit the similar FTIR spectra due to the strong absorption effect of pure TATB crystals.However,the intensities of characteristic peaks at 1323,3206 and 3313 cm-1decrease especially for pTATB-NLS crystals owing to the coating effect of NLS layer which does not possess the above the characteristic absorption peaks.Furthermore,the Raman spectra provide further evidence of the coating effect of PDA and NLS layer.As shown in Fig.3(b),after modification,the intensities of the characteristic peaks of pure TATB including nitro groups are significantly weakened,especially for pTATB-NLS crystals,because of the absence of nitro groups in NLS layer,indicating the successful construction of NLS layer on the surface of explosive crystals.

    Fig.3.(a) FTIR and (b) Raman spectra of TATB,pTATB,and pTATB-NLS crystals.

    3.2.Surface properties

    In order to investigate the compatibility of NLS layer to polymer binder,the contact angle measurements were conducted to characterize the surface properties of the corresponding explosive crystals.As shown in Fig.4,for pure TATB crystals,the contact angles of water and diiodomethane are 80.57°and 30.25°,respectively,indicating the low wettability to water due to the low surface energy and non-polar characteristic [2,12,14].After modification with PDA,the corresponding water contact angle slightly decreases while diiodomethane contact angle slightly increases,as the PDA coating layer endows the TATB crystals with a large amount of hydrophilic functional groups including catechol,amine and imine [2,12].With the further addition of graphene sheets,the water contact angle increases while diiodomethane contact angle decreases,compared with that of pure TATB crystals.This may be possible due to the non-polarity of the introduced graphene sheets.When the NLS layer is finally constructed on the explosive crystals,due to the graphene sheets are the main components of NLS layer,the results show that the water and diiodomethane contact angle of pTATB-NLS crystals are closed to which of pTATB-G crystals,revealing that the non-polarity of pTATB-NLS crystals is also enhanced to certain extent.

    Fig.4.Contact angle measurements with test fluids of water and diiodomethane for TATB,pTATB,pTATB-G,and pTATB-NLS crystals.

    Furthermore,the surface tensions of the explosive crystals as well as the interfacial adhesive work between explosive crystals and polymer binder can be quantitatively calculated exploiting the geometric mean equation and harmonic average equation [2].The as-obtained results were listed in Table S1.It can be seen that,after coating PDA layer,the dispersion component (γd) decreases while polarity component (γp) increases compared with that of pure TATB,resulting in bigger polarity difference between pTATB and non-polar polymer binder,which is not helpful for enhancing the interfacial adhesion work based on the principle of polarity similarity [14].On the other hand,when the NLS layer is further constructed,the results are opposite,for which γdincreased and γpdecreased,indicating the improved compatibility between pTATBNLS crystals and non-polar fluoropolymer.Accordingly,the remarkable mechanical performance of NLS layer combined with the good interfacial compatibility are expected to dramatically enhance the interfacial strength of PBXs composites.

    3.3.Mechanical properties

    As mentioned above,the weak interfacial strength is one of the main issues which results in the poor mechanical performance of PBXs composites.Here,the effect of the constructed NLS layer to the mechanical performance of PBXs composites was investigated in detail.The creep resistance property is directly related to the dimensional stability of the PBXs composites,which is quite important for the security and reliability of the weapon system.Fig.5(a) shows the creep behaviors of the PBXs composites under the stress of 4 MPa and the temperature of 25 ℃.As displayed,all the PBXs composites do not present creep failure with the applied test condition for 90 min.With the coating of PDA molecules,the creep strain of PBX-P composites decrease obviously due to the enhanced interfacial interactions,which is consistent with the previous reports[2,12].Moreover,after further construction of NLS layer with only 0.5 wt% content,the creep strain of the PBX-N composites decreases further as well.When the mass ratio of graphene to cellulose is 9 : 1,an optimized creep resistance performance was achieved(marked as PBX-N(9-1)in Fig.5(a)),with the creep strain of less than 0.01%,demonstrating the greatly improved dimensional stability compared with that of PBX-0 composites for which the creep strain was about 0.02%.The best mass ratio of graphene to cellulose for the enhancement of the creep resistance properties of the PBXs composites is also similar to that of the natural nacre which consists of 95 vol% inorganic calcium carbonate and 5 vol% organic biomacromolecules [20],indicating the effectiveness of the bioinspired interface structure design strategy.

    Fig.5.(a)Creep strain curves;(b)Brazilian stress-strain curves;(c)Comparison of Brazilian performance and(d)fracture toughness of the PBX composites.The total content of NLS layer was 0.5 wt%.

    The tension performance of the PBXs composites is also crucial for structure integrity of the weapon system.As shown in Fig.5(b),the representative stress-strain curves of PBXs composites were obtained from Brazilian test.It can be seen that,after the modification of PDA,both the Brazilian strength and the fracture strain are increased to some degree,due to the enhanced interfacial interactions between explosive crystals and polymer binder.After the further incorporation of NLS layer,the Brazilian strength and fracture strain continued to increase greatly.The best improvement efficiency in tension performance is also obtained under the mass ratio of graphene to cellulose of 9 : 1 and the corresponding Brazilian strength and fracture strain are dramatically increased to 9.26 MPa and 0.28%,which are 51.1% and 55.6% higher than those of PBX-0 composites,respectively.The enhancement efficiency in Brazilian performance of PBX-N composites is also superior in contrast to most of other PBXs composites reported previously except for the example which required quite tedious and complex preparation procedures (Fig.5(c)) [14],demonstrating the advantage of the bioinspired interface structure design strategy proposed in this study.In addition,the fracture toughness of the PBXs composites can be figured out by integrating the stress-strain curves[31,32] and the corresponding results are shown in Fig.5(d).It is clearly seen that through constructing the NLS layer,the toughness of PBXs composites are significantly improved with a maximum enhancement efficiency of 127.3% for PBX-N (9-1) composites compared with PBX-0 composites.Those results have thoroughly signified the superiority of the bioinspired interface structure design strategy proposed in this study.To further illustrate that the superior mechanical performance of PBX composites was ascribed to the successful construction of NLS layer of NLS layer to the explosive crystals,the creep and Brazilian tests were also conducted for the PBXs composites with sole graphene and cellulose.As shown in Fig.S2,the corresponding PBXs composites only present quite limited improvement efficiency in creep and tension properties,indicating that the superior mechanical performance of PBX-N composites is ascribed to the synergistic enhancing effect from the combination of graphene and cellulose.In another word,the NLS layer constructed in the interface region of PBX-N composites plays a key role in improving the mechanical performance.Moreover,the PBXs composites without PDA coating layer were also fabricated and the corresponding mechanical properties(shown in Fig.S2) were much inferior to which of PBX-N (9-1)composites.The results directly indicate that the presence of PDA coating layer could improve the interfacial compatibility of the constructed NLS layer to the explosive crystals,which is also important for achieving superior mechanical performance.

    To study the mechanical behavior of the corresponding PBXs composites in deeply,the morphologies of the fracture surface after Brazilian test were characterized through FESEM method which are shown in Fig.6.As displayed in Figs.6(a)and 6(b),for PBX-0 composites,a large amount of smooth explosive crystals(marked by the red arrows) as well as big cracks (indicated by the red curve in Fig.6(a)) are exposed,indicating the occurrence of interfacial debonding between explosive crystals and polymer binder resulting from the weak interfacial strength.After being coated with PDA(as shown in Fig.6(d)and 6(e)),the interfacial bonding strength is improved which resulted in the less exposed TATB crystals,smaller cracks (marked by the red oval in Fig.6(d)) and more fracture damages of polymer binder system (marked by the red arrows in Fig.6(e)).With the subsequent construction of NLS layer,notable distinctions can be found clearly in Fig.6(g) and 6(h) for PBX-N(9-1) composites.The NLS layer is tightly adhered to the surface of explosive crystals (marked by the red oval in Fig.6(g)) and no obvious cracks are found.Beyond the NLS layer,the signs of fractured polymer binder molecules are observed (indicated by the blue oval in Fig.6(h)).The above fracture morphologies demonstrate the strong interface structure between explosive crystals and polymer binder in PBX-N composites which can effectively avoid the interface fracture and greatly contribute to the mechanical enhancement of the composites as discussed above.Fig.6(c),6(f)and 6(i) schematically show the reinforcing mechanism of the constructed NLS layer to the PBXs composites.For PBX-0 composites,due to the interfacial incompatibility between TATB crystals and polymer binder,under the stimulation of external force,the cracks are easily ignited and further propagated along the interface region (as shown in Fig.6(c)),leading to the poor mechanical performance.After being coated with PDA,as shown in Fig.6(f),the interfacial bonding strength is enhanced which can inhibit the occurrence and growth of the cracks,thus,resulting in better mechanical properties compared with PBX-0 composites.Finally,with successful construction of NLS layer,as presented in Fig.6(i),the strength of the interface structure is significantly improved which greatly avoids the generation and propagation of the cracks,endowing the resultant PBX-N composites with excellent mechanical performance.

    Fig.6.FESEM images of the fracture surface morphologies of (a),(b) PBX-0 composites,(d),(e) PBX-P composites and (g),(h) PBX-N (9-1) composites after Brazilian test,respectively.(b),(e)and(h)are the amplification of(a),(d)and(g),respectively.Schematic representation of the interfacial debonding behaviors of(c)PBX-0,(f)PBX-P and(i)PBXN (9-1) composites.

    The finite-element method (FEM) simulations were also conducted to study the mechanical reinforcing effect of the NLS layer to the PBXs composites under uniaxial tension.As shown in Fig.S3,the PBXs composites are modeled by a 2D Voronoi representative volume element in which the volume fractions of the explosive crystals and the binder system are 95% and 5%,respectively.To simplify the simulation,a linear constitutive model was adopted for both the explosive crystals and binder system.The failure of crystal-binder interface was modeled by the cohesive zone model(CZM) approach and a bilinear traction separation law was employed to depict the failure behaviors.This method has been demonstrated to be reasonable and effective to qualitatively analyze the failure of composites,especially for which contain plenty of interfaces.To compare the response of PBX-0 and PBX-N(9-1) under uniaxial tension,stronger interfacial parameters between crystals and binder system were adopted to simulate the strengthening effect of the NLS layer.Material failure parameters used in the simulation are listed in Table S2.The results indicate that with the construction of NLS layer,the strength of both interface region and binder system is dramatically enhanced.For further elucidation of the failure process of the PBXs composites,typical deformation snapshots of the composites during tension process are presented in Figs.7 and S4.As can be seen that,under the similar strain condition,PBX-N(9-1)composites exhibit much better cracks resistant capability compared with that of PBX-0 composites.In terms of PBX-0 composites,obvious cracks start to appear at the strain of 0.168%(as indicated by the blue arrow in Fig.7(b)),while for PBX-N (9-1) composites,before the strain increased to 0.226%,there are no noticeable cracks.The maximum tensile stress during the whole tension process increased significantly from 6.38 MPa of PBX-0 composites to 9.63 MPa of PBX-N(9-1) composites (as exhibited in Fig.S4),which are also closed to their corresponding experimental Brazilian strength (6.13 MPa and 9.26 MPa).The detailed simulation process is presented in the Supporting Information.Thus,here the FEM simulations again demonstrate the superior mechanical performance of PBX-N(9-1)composites,which should also be assigned to the delicately designed NLS layer as discussed above.

    Fig.7.Typical deformation snapshots of PBXs during tension process: (a)-(d) PBX-0 and (e)-(h) PBX-N (9-1) composites.

    3.4.Thermal conduction performance

    Apart from the mechanical performance,improving the thermal conduction performance is also highly desirable for enhancing the environmental adaptability of PBXs composites [3,33-35].Here,the thermal conduction properties of PBX-N composites were also investigated due to the introduction of highly thermally conductive graphene sheets.As presented in Fig.8(a),with construction of NLS layer,the PBX-N composites exhibit noticeable increase in thermal conductivities.For PBX-N (9.5-0.5) composites,the thermal conductivity reaches up to 0.956 W m-1K-1,the value of which is 37.0% higher than that of pure PBXs composites.Interestingly,the thermal conduction performance of PBX-N composites is superior compared with that of the corresponding PBXs composites with sole graphene sheets(named as PBX-G composites).As reported in previous study,the nacre-like layer by layer structure benefits to form continuous conductive pathways where the phonons can transfer effectively while in the composites with random graphene dispersion state,the phonons are hard to migrate [36,37].This is owing to the higher thermal conductivities of PBX-N composites(as shown in Fig.8(b)).Constructing the NLS layer in PBXs composites not only dramatically increases the mechanical performance,but also exhibits good potential to improve the thermal conduction property,manifesting a quite overwhelming strategy for the fabrication of PBXs composites with remarkable environmental adaptability.

    Fig.8.(a)Thermal conductivity of PBX-N composites and the corresponding PBX-G composites with sole graphene;(b)Schematic representation of the phonon transformation in the PBX-N and PBX-G composites,respectively.

    4.Conclusions

    Here we have proposed a bioinspired interface structure design strategy for greatly improving the mechanical performance of PBXs composites.Inspired by the structure of natural nacre which possesses outstanding mechanical properties,a kind of novel NLS layer is successfully constructed in the interface region of PBXs composites,exploiting graphene sheets and cellulose as the inorganic and organic building blocks,respectively.Our investigation results have shown that the interfacial strength can be largely enhanced after the construction of NLS layer,endowing the PBXs composites with significantly improved mechanical properties.The resultant creep resistance,Brazilian strength and fracture toughness are dramatically increased 51.7%,51.1% and 127.3%,compared with pure PBXs composites in this work and are also superior to most of other PBXs composites reported previously,implying the obvious advantage of this bioinspired interface structure design strategy.In addition,the thermal conduction performance of PBX-N composites also exhibits noticeable enhancement due to the good phonon transport capability endowed by the constructed NLS layer.This investigation paves a new way to the rational design of PBXs composites targeted remarkable mechanical performance and thermal conductivity,which can satisfy the practical demand of the explosive part in weapon equipment.

    Associated content

    Supporting Information.FTIR spectra of graphene and cellulose,surface tension of TATB,pTATB and pTATB-NLS crystals and the corresponding interfacial adhesive work between explosive crystals and polymer binder,creep strain curves and Brazilian stressstrain curves of the PBXs composites,the schematic of finite element model,failure parameters in CZM for PBX-0 and PBX-N(9-1),typical deformation snapshots of PBXs during tension process.

    Notes

    The authors declare no competing financial interest.

    Declaration of competing interest

    The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

    Acknowledgments

    The authors acknowledge the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.21875230,22275173,U2030202).

    Appendix A.Supplementary data

    Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2022.10.013.

    黄色丝袜av网址大全| 国产精品国产高清国产av| 色av中文字幕| 老司机午夜十八禁免费视频| 香蕉国产在线看| 好男人在线观看高清免费视频 | 嫩草影院精品99| 精品国产乱码久久久久久男人| 国产91精品成人一区二区三区| 国产不卡一卡二| 婷婷精品国产亚洲av在线| av天堂在线播放| www.自偷自拍.com| 久久欧美精品欧美久久欧美| 日本黄色视频三级网站网址| 精品不卡国产一区二区三区| 一级黄色大片毛片| 制服人妻中文乱码| 俄罗斯特黄特色一大片| 男女床上黄色一级片免费看| 亚洲男人天堂网一区| 天堂动漫精品| 国产91精品成人一区二区三区| 宅男免费午夜| 久久精品国产清高在天天线| 亚洲男人天堂网一区| 欧美黄色片欧美黄色片| 日韩欧美三级三区| 99国产精品免费福利视频| 老汉色av国产亚洲站长工具| 18禁国产床啪视频网站| 国产精品,欧美在线| 深夜精品福利| 99精品欧美一区二区三区四区| 国产一区二区在线av高清观看| 国产亚洲欧美在线一区二区| 国产精品爽爽va在线观看网站 | 午夜精品国产一区二区电影| 亚洲 国产 在线| 最好的美女福利视频网| 巨乳人妻的诱惑在线观看| www国产在线视频色| 18禁黄网站禁片午夜丰满| 69精品国产乱码久久久| 一区在线观看完整版| 久久这里只有精品19| 国产区一区二久久| 精品久久久久久成人av| 伦理电影免费视频| 国内精品久久久久精免费| 午夜免费鲁丝| 国产精品电影一区二区三区| 在线国产一区二区在线| 一本综合久久免费| 欧美不卡视频在线免费观看 | 在线观看午夜福利视频| 91国产中文字幕| 无人区码免费观看不卡| 色综合欧美亚洲国产小说| 欧美一级毛片孕妇| www.精华液| 久久影院123| 国产精品野战在线观看| 精品卡一卡二卡四卡免费| 一本大道久久a久久精品| av免费在线观看网站| 国产99白浆流出| 身体一侧抽搐| 国产精品久久久久久亚洲av鲁大| 日本五十路高清| 99在线人妻在线中文字幕| 国产成人系列免费观看| 欧美黑人精品巨大| 亚洲久久久国产精品| 黄色视频,在线免费观看| 91av网站免费观看| 久久亚洲真实| 在线观看免费午夜福利视频| 精品欧美国产一区二区三| 99精品久久久久人妻精品| 国产国语露脸激情在线看| 国产亚洲欧美98| 国产精品永久免费网站| 级片在线观看| 99国产精品99久久久久| 黑人操中国人逼视频| 少妇熟女aⅴ在线视频| 国产精品99久久99久久久不卡| 变态另类成人亚洲欧美熟女 | 又大又爽又粗| 久久香蕉激情| 狂野欧美激情性xxxx| 正在播放国产对白刺激| 波多野结衣巨乳人妻| 国产精品乱码一区二三区的特点 | 满18在线观看网站| 一边摸一边抽搐一进一小说| 国产国语露脸激情在线看| www.精华液| 91老司机精品| 欧美乱色亚洲激情| 777久久人妻少妇嫩草av网站| 女同久久另类99精品国产91| 韩国精品一区二区三区| 国产真人三级小视频在线观看| 国产私拍福利视频在线观看| 国产精品爽爽va在线观看网站 | 久久精品国产亚洲av香蕉五月| 男女床上黄色一级片免费看| 亚洲狠狠婷婷综合久久图片| 99国产精品一区二区蜜桃av| 黄片大片在线免费观看| 老司机午夜十八禁免费视频| 伦理电影免费视频| 欧美国产精品va在线观看不卡| 日韩欧美国产在线观看| 精品久久久久久成人av| 久久 成人 亚洲| 国产乱人伦免费视频| 久久婷婷成人综合色麻豆| 亚洲精品在线美女| 日韩精品青青久久久久久| 亚洲欧美日韩无卡精品| 黄片小视频在线播放| 90打野战视频偷拍视频| 99国产精品一区二区蜜桃av| 两性夫妻黄色片| 十分钟在线观看高清视频www| 国产高清videossex| 久久国产亚洲av麻豆专区| 99国产精品一区二区三区| 9热在线视频观看99| 老熟妇仑乱视频hdxx| 男女下面进入的视频免费午夜 | 在线观看免费视频日本深夜| 老汉色∧v一级毛片| 国产精品久久久av美女十八| 日本精品一区二区三区蜜桃| 日日干狠狠操夜夜爽| 国产熟女午夜一区二区三区| 97超级碰碰碰精品色视频在线观看| 国产成人啪精品午夜网站| 99国产精品99久久久久| 777久久人妻少妇嫩草av网站| 韩国精品一区二区三区| 久热这里只有精品99| videosex国产| 免费搜索国产男女视频| 国产亚洲av嫩草精品影院| 可以免费在线观看a视频的电影网站| 成人永久免费在线观看视频| 丝袜美足系列| 国产精品国产高清国产av| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三区在线| 国产免费av片在线观看野外av| 久久久久久大精品| 久久天躁狠狠躁夜夜2o2o| 97超级碰碰碰精品色视频在线观看| 午夜久久久在线观看| 波多野结衣巨乳人妻| 亚洲精品一卡2卡三卡4卡5卡| 村上凉子中文字幕在线| 长腿黑丝高跟| 天天添夜夜摸| 国产亚洲av嫩草精品影院| 人妻久久中文字幕网| 国内精品久久久久精免费| 欧美日本亚洲视频在线播放| 长腿黑丝高跟| 精品欧美国产一区二区三| 99久久综合精品五月天人人| 亚洲 欧美一区二区三区| 老熟妇乱子伦视频在线观看| 欧美+亚洲+日韩+国产| 午夜免费观看网址| 精品久久久久久久毛片微露脸| 精品欧美国产一区二区三| 美女 人体艺术 gogo| svipshipincom国产片| 一级毛片精品| 一边摸一边抽搐一进一出视频| 欧美亚洲日本最大视频资源| av在线播放免费不卡| 亚洲熟妇熟女久久| 国产成人精品无人区| 操美女的视频在线观看| 人妻丰满熟妇av一区二区三区| 女性被躁到高潮视频| 色哟哟哟哟哟哟| 日本 av在线| 国内毛片毛片毛片毛片毛片| 国产熟女午夜一区二区三区| 老司机福利观看| 免费观看精品视频网站| 欧美日韩精品网址| 日韩精品青青久久久久久| 99热只有精品国产| 亚洲av第一区精品v没综合| 操出白浆在线播放| 法律面前人人平等表现在哪些方面| 欧美最黄视频在线播放免费| 国产乱人伦免费视频| 亚洲av成人不卡在线观看播放网| 午夜福利一区二区在线看| 日日干狠狠操夜夜爽| 18禁黄网站禁片午夜丰满| 久久国产精品人妻蜜桃| 老司机在亚洲福利影院| 韩国精品一区二区三区| 老汉色av国产亚洲站长工具| 久久精品成人免费网站| 亚洲精品国产一区二区精华液| 久久久久久久久中文| 久热爱精品视频在线9| 亚洲国产精品sss在线观看| av有码第一页| 一本久久中文字幕| 成人三级做爰电影| 精品久久久久久久人妻蜜臀av | 男人舔女人下体高潮全视频| 视频区欧美日本亚洲| 真人一进一出gif抽搐免费| 日韩欧美在线二视频| av电影中文网址| 亚洲全国av大片| 日韩欧美三级三区| 人成视频在线观看免费观看| aaaaa片日本免费| 国内精品久久久久精免费| 国产精品亚洲一级av第二区| avwww免费| 久久人妻熟女aⅴ| 国产亚洲欧美98| 真人做人爱边吃奶动态| 国产一区二区三区视频了| 色综合亚洲欧美另类图片| 两个人视频免费观看高清| 99久久国产精品久久久| 人人澡人人妻人| 变态另类成人亚洲欧美熟女 | 好男人在线观看高清免费视频 | 久久人妻av系列| 亚洲精品一卡2卡三卡4卡5卡| 午夜福利欧美成人| 免费观看人在逋| 亚洲欧美激情综合另类| 窝窝影院91人妻| 黄色 视频免费看| 国产私拍福利视频在线观看| 亚洲国产精品成人综合色| 免费不卡黄色视频| 久久 成人 亚洲| 精品一区二区三区视频在线观看免费| 久久精品国产亚洲av香蕉五月| 欧美日韩乱码在线| 欧美黄色淫秽网站| 麻豆一二三区av精品| 午夜福利高清视频| videosex国产| 18禁黄网站禁片午夜丰满| 一级毛片精品| 亚洲专区中文字幕在线| 黄色视频不卡| 亚洲一卡2卡3卡4卡5卡精品中文| 日本三级黄在线观看| 欧美精品亚洲一区二区| 久久精品aⅴ一区二区三区四区| 制服丝袜大香蕉在线| 亚洲欧美激情综合另类| 欧美乱码精品一区二区三区| 涩涩av久久男人的天堂| 免费看美女性在线毛片视频| 成人国语在线视频| 欧美乱色亚洲激情| 人人妻人人澡欧美一区二区 | 精品国内亚洲2022精品成人| 精品一区二区三区视频在线观看免费| 免费在线观看完整版高清| 十八禁人妻一区二区| 亚洲精品国产色婷婷电影| 成年版毛片免费区| 久久亚洲精品不卡| 人成视频在线观看免费观看| 国产亚洲欧美精品永久| 9热在线视频观看99| 色综合亚洲欧美另类图片| 午夜福利在线观看吧| 久久热在线av| 亚洲精品国产精品久久久不卡| 欧美成人一区二区免费高清观看 | 热re99久久国产66热| 嫩草影视91久久| 露出奶头的视频| 操美女的视频在线观看| 亚洲国产日韩欧美精品在线观看 | 日韩一卡2卡3卡4卡2021年| 精品久久久久久久人妻蜜臀av | 久久久精品欧美日韩精品| 欧美人与性动交α欧美精品济南到| 可以在线观看毛片的网站| 亚洲成人久久性| 亚洲中文av在线| 非洲黑人性xxxx精品又粗又长| 韩国av一区二区三区四区| 韩国精品一区二区三区| 精品国产乱码久久久久久男人| 久久草成人影院| 黄色成人免费大全| 欧美黄色片欧美黄色片| 久久午夜亚洲精品久久| 中文字幕高清在线视频| 国产男靠女视频免费网站| 亚洲精品中文字幕一二三四区| 熟女少妇亚洲综合色aaa.| 国产亚洲av高清不卡| 91麻豆精品激情在线观看国产| 亚洲一卡2卡3卡4卡5卡精品中文| 色综合婷婷激情| 男女午夜视频在线观看| 一夜夜www| 自拍欧美九色日韩亚洲蝌蚪91| 一本大道久久a久久精品| 久久婷婷成人综合色麻豆| 国产蜜桃级精品一区二区三区| 亚洲精品中文字幕一二三四区| 青草久久国产| 久久久久久久久免费视频了| 悠悠久久av| or卡值多少钱| 亚洲欧美精品综合久久99| 一级黄色大片毛片| 久久香蕉国产精品| 99久久精品国产亚洲精品| 亚洲一区中文字幕在线| 色综合亚洲欧美另类图片| 久久九九热精品免费| 看免费av毛片| 国产精品久久久久久亚洲av鲁大| 黄色视频,在线免费观看| 久久久久国产一级毛片高清牌| 精品少妇一区二区三区视频日本电影| 国产精品一区二区三区四区久久 | 亚洲精品国产精品久久久不卡| 老司机午夜十八禁免费视频| 无限看片的www在线观看| 国产高清激情床上av| 亚洲成av人片免费观看| 亚洲国产欧美网| 日韩 欧美 亚洲 中文字幕| 欧美成人一区二区免费高清观看 | 成人永久免费在线观看视频| 久热这里只有精品99| 制服诱惑二区| 色播在线永久视频| 亚洲欧美日韩无卡精品| av超薄肉色丝袜交足视频| 午夜免费鲁丝| 此物有八面人人有两片| 99国产精品一区二区蜜桃av| 黑人欧美特级aaaaaa片| 免费在线观看影片大全网站| 精品国产乱码久久久久久男人| 亚洲欧洲精品一区二区精品久久久| 12—13女人毛片做爰片一| 亚洲性夜色夜夜综合| 校园春色视频在线观看| 999久久久精品免费观看国产| 国产精品爽爽va在线观看网站 | 男女下面插进去视频免费观看| 日本在线视频免费播放| 亚洲成人久久性| 亚洲九九香蕉| 级片在线观看| 国产精品久久久久久亚洲av鲁大| 制服丝袜大香蕉在线| 国产日韩一区二区三区精品不卡| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三区在线| 日日干狠狠操夜夜爽| 黑人欧美特级aaaaaa片| 男人舔女人的私密视频| 日本a在线网址| 欧美久久黑人一区二区| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三区在线| 18禁美女被吸乳视频| 久久人人爽av亚洲精品天堂| 精品人妻1区二区| 这个男人来自地球电影免费观看| 一级毛片高清免费大全| 国产精品香港三级国产av潘金莲| 国产色视频综合| 天天一区二区日本电影三级 | 多毛熟女@视频| 一进一出抽搐gif免费好疼| 视频区欧美日本亚洲| 亚洲人成电影免费在线| 色av中文字幕| 精品日产1卡2卡| 亚洲免费av在线视频| 欧美色视频一区免费| www.999成人在线观看| 午夜福利18| 国产精品日韩av在线免费观看 | 999精品在线视频| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频| 亚洲avbb在线观看| 午夜精品国产一区二区电影| 99国产精品一区二区蜜桃av| 一级毛片女人18水好多| 日韩成人在线观看一区二区三区| 十八禁人妻一区二区| 欧美乱码精品一区二区三区| 国产91精品成人一区二区三区| 女人精品久久久久毛片| 色播在线永久视频| 精品久久久久久,| 国产精华一区二区三区| 一本综合久久免费| 欧美黑人欧美精品刺激| 自拍欧美九色日韩亚洲蝌蚪91| 亚洲专区中文字幕在线| 两个人视频免费观看高清| 高潮久久久久久久久久久不卡| 国产精品久久久av美女十八| 欧美成狂野欧美在线观看| 香蕉久久夜色| 午夜免费成人在线视频| 又大又爽又粗| 午夜日韩欧美国产| 免费av毛片视频| e午夜精品久久久久久久| 亚洲专区国产一区二区| 90打野战视频偷拍视频| 级片在线观看| 亚洲国产毛片av蜜桃av| 午夜精品久久久久久毛片777| 曰老女人黄片| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频| 日本三级黄在线观看| 人人妻人人澡欧美一区二区 | 女同久久另类99精品国产91| 国产av精品麻豆| 黄片播放在线免费| 美女午夜性视频免费| 亚洲人成电影免费在线| 九色亚洲精品在线播放| 露出奶头的视频| 久久热在线av| 亚洲国产看品久久| 别揉我奶头~嗯~啊~动态视频| 国产国语露脸激情在线看| 久久国产亚洲av麻豆专区| 午夜福利一区二区在线看| x7x7x7水蜜桃| 国产亚洲av高清不卡| 国产亚洲精品久久久久5区| 国产精品电影一区二区三区| 精品人妻在线不人妻| 精品国产一区二区久久| 久久香蕉精品热| 免费女性裸体啪啪无遮挡网站| 免费观看精品视频网站| 一a级毛片在线观看| 亚洲成a人片在线一区二区| 国产一级毛片七仙女欲春2 | 最近最新中文字幕大全免费视频| 真人做人爱边吃奶动态| 宅男免费午夜| 精品久久蜜臀av无| 91字幕亚洲| 好男人在线观看高清免费视频 | 国产精品99久久99久久久不卡| 亚洲av电影在线进入| 熟女少妇亚洲综合色aaa.| 午夜影院日韩av| 久久九九热精品免费| 久久久久国产精品人妻aⅴ院| 国产成人精品在线电影| 午夜免费鲁丝| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三| 亚洲欧美精品综合久久99| 成人国产一区最新在线观看| 成人手机av| 曰老女人黄片| 精品国产乱码久久久久久男人| 久久青草综合色| 欧美老熟妇乱子伦牲交| 午夜福利成人在线免费观看| 好男人电影高清在线观看| 18美女黄网站色大片免费观看| 看片在线看免费视频| 老汉色av国产亚洲站长工具| 亚洲天堂国产精品一区在线| 日韩欧美一区视频在线观看| 中文字幕色久视频| 亚洲伊人色综图| 亚洲人成电影免费在线| 变态另类成人亚洲欧美熟女 | 成人精品一区二区免费| 亚洲第一青青草原| 丰满人妻熟妇乱又伦精品不卡| 精品国产一区二区三区四区第35| 国产区一区二久久| 黑人巨大精品欧美一区二区蜜桃| 别揉我奶头~嗯~啊~动态视频| 一边摸一边做爽爽视频免费| 国产高清有码在线观看视频 | 免费少妇av软件| 国产亚洲欧美98| 99久久久亚洲精品蜜臀av| 亚洲五月婷婷丁香| 黄色成人免费大全| cao死你这个sao货| 搞女人的毛片| 国产亚洲精品久久久久5区| 亚洲av片天天在线观看| 亚洲熟妇熟女久久| 高潮久久久久久久久久久不卡| 亚洲成人国产一区在线观看| 国产片内射在线| 精品国产一区二区三区四区第35| 夜夜夜夜夜久久久久| 神马国产精品三级电影在线观看 | 此物有八面人人有两片| 免费在线观看黄色视频的| 国产亚洲精品久久久久久毛片| 亚洲国产欧美一区二区综合| 成人国产综合亚洲| 99国产综合亚洲精品| 窝窝影院91人妻| 深夜精品福利| 国产精品一区二区免费欧美| 宅男免费午夜| 高清在线国产一区| 在线观看一区二区三区| 精品久久蜜臀av无| 亚洲成人精品中文字幕电影| 欧美丝袜亚洲另类 | 国产成人啪精品午夜网站| 国产一区二区三区在线臀色熟女| 亚洲色图综合在线观看| 国产精品二区激情视频| av天堂久久9| 国产精品久久久人人做人人爽| 亚洲欧美精品综合久久99| 一级a爱片免费观看的视频| 国产成人av教育| 波多野结衣高清无吗| 老司机午夜十八禁免费视频| av天堂在线播放| e午夜精品久久久久久久| 男女午夜视频在线观看| 日韩精品青青久久久久久| 99久久国产精品久久久| 日韩免费av在线播放| 可以在线观看的亚洲视频| 老司机靠b影院| 操出白浆在线播放| ponron亚洲| 99久久国产精品久久久| 成人国产一区最新在线观看| 精品无人区乱码1区二区| 女人高潮潮喷娇喘18禁视频| 两人在一起打扑克的视频| 国产三级在线视频| 欧美中文日本在线观看视频| 国产一区在线观看成人免费| 一卡2卡三卡四卡精品乱码亚洲| 美女大奶头视频| 日韩欧美在线二视频| 国产私拍福利视频在线观看| 久久影院123| 午夜福利,免费看| 成人18禁高潮啪啪吃奶动态图| 国产欧美日韩精品亚洲av| 丁香六月欧美| 黄色视频,在线免费观看| 不卡av一区二区三区| 大型av网站在线播放| 在线观看66精品国产| 国产精华一区二区三区| 女人被躁到高潮嗷嗷叫费观| 无人区码免费观看不卡| 亚洲美女黄片视频| 亚洲男人的天堂狠狠| 国产精品久久久久久精品电影 | 国产高清videossex| 美女高潮喷水抽搐中文字幕| 可以在线观看毛片的网站| 成人亚洲精品一区在线观看| 午夜福利影视在线免费观看| 亚洲一码二码三码区别大吗| 精品福利观看| 禁无遮挡网站| 日本免费一区二区三区高清不卡 | 成人国产一区最新在线观看| e午夜精品久久久久久久| 欧美在线黄色| www.熟女人妻精品国产| 欧美黑人欧美精品刺激| 精品久久久久久久人妻蜜臀av | 桃色一区二区三区在线观看| 欧美在线黄色| 天堂影院成人在线观看| 在线天堂中文资源库| 亚洲国产日韩欧美精品在线观看 | 亚洲国产毛片av蜜桃av| 亚洲国产中文字幕在线视频| 国产精品,欧美在线| 亚洲 欧美一区二区三区| 亚洲人成77777在线视频| 女性被躁到高潮视频| 丝袜人妻中文字幕| 99久久久亚洲精品蜜臀av| 欧美黄色淫秽网站| 少妇被粗大的猛进出69影院|