王瑞榮 顏平 聶爽爽
Research on the coupling and coordination of digital economy and high-quality developmentof the textile industry in the Yangtze River Delta
摘要:數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)是推動(dòng)中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的重要力量,是實(shí)現(xiàn)共同富裕的加速器。文章以2012—2021年長(zhǎng)三角三省一市為樣本,構(gòu)建了數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展綜合評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,利用耦合協(xié)調(diào)度模型分析了數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的耦合協(xié)調(diào)演變趨勢(shì)。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):整體看,長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的耦合度、耦合協(xié)調(diào)度和相對(duì)發(fā)展度處于較高水平,呈現(xiàn)良好發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì);分地區(qū)看,兩大系統(tǒng)的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度存在顯著的地區(qū)差異,從高到低依次為江蘇、浙江、上海和安徽;細(xì)分行業(yè)看,不同省份的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度次序也不一樣,江蘇、浙江最高細(xì)分行業(yè)分別是服裝業(yè)、化學(xué)纖維制造業(yè),上海和安徽則均為皮革和制鞋業(yè)。最后,基于研究結(jié)論,提出了相應(yīng)的政策建議。
關(guān)鍵詞:長(zhǎng)三角;數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì);紡織產(chǎn)業(yè);高質(zhì)量發(fā)展;改進(jìn)熵值法;耦合協(xié)調(diào)度
中圖分類號(hào):F426.81??? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A???文章編號(hào): 10017003(2023)090008
引用頁碼:091102? ? DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7003.2023.09.002(篇序)
實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化是世界各國(guó)人民的共同夢(mèng)想,也是中國(guó)人民夢(mèng)寐以求的夙愿。中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第二十次全國(guó)代表大會(huì)報(bào)告指出:“實(shí)現(xiàn)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展、實(shí)現(xiàn)全體人民共同富裕是中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化的本質(zhì)要求?!弊鳛橹袊?guó)式現(xiàn)代化的重要參與者和推動(dòng)力量,紡織行業(yè)的發(fā)展有效帶動(dòng)了鄉(xiāng)村與縣域經(jīng)濟(jì),對(duì)于鞏固脫貧攻堅(jiān)成果,推進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村全面振興做出了積極貢獻(xiàn)[1],是新時(shí)期造福民生福祉、推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的重要力量。作為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展最活躍的區(qū)域之一,長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)在中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化全面推進(jìn),實(shí)現(xiàn)人民對(duì)美好生活向往建設(shè)征程中具有舉足輕重的戰(zhàn)略地位。在長(zhǎng)三角產(chǎn)業(yè)序列中,紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)一直是其傳統(tǒng)支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)之一,被《長(zhǎng)江三角洲區(qū)域一體化發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要》列入建設(shè)世界級(jí)制造業(yè)集群的十大領(lǐng)域之一。長(zhǎng)三角一體化進(jìn)程加速推進(jìn)和數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)迅猛發(fā)展,為紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展提供了新機(jī)遇。數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)賦能紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展將成為未來行業(yè)發(fā)展的主流。因此,深入分析數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的耦合協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系,對(duì)長(zhǎng)三角產(chǎn)業(yè)一體化發(fā)展政策制定具有重要的理論意義和實(shí)踐價(jià)值。
近年來,國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者圍繞數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵問題開展了深入的研究。在數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)方面,相關(guān)研究成果主要聚焦數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)的內(nèi)涵與特征[2-5]、驅(qū)動(dòng)因素與水平測(cè)度[6-8]、作用機(jī)理與影響效應(yīng)[9-12]等方面。在紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展方面,相關(guān)研究成果主要聚焦宏觀國(guó)家層面[13-14]、中觀細(xì)分行業(yè)層面[15-16]及微觀企業(yè)層面[17-18]進(jìn)行了深入分析。關(guān)于數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展關(guān)系方面的研究成果不多,如劉雅婷等[14]認(rèn)為在百年變局持續(xù)深化的新時(shí)期,數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)成為推動(dòng)紡織服裝業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的重要力量。洪樂樂[19]選取2016—2020年廣州市相關(guān)指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù),分析了廣州市數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)和其紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)之間的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度模型,發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)有利于紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)的高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。孫瑞哲[20]認(rèn)為數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)正在從根本上改變傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)模式,賦予了紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展新的內(nèi)涵。王瑞榮[21]選取2005—2019年紹興地級(jí)市數(shù)據(jù),實(shí)證考察了數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)具有顯著正向促進(jìn)作用。李秋珍[22]基于2008—2020年中國(guó)30個(gè)省份的紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)面板數(shù)據(jù)樣本,對(duì)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)驅(qū)動(dòng)紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的作用機(jī)制和影響效應(yīng)進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)可以顯著促進(jìn)紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。
綜上所述,國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展方面開展了深入研究,形成了很多前瞻性的成果,這些研究成果為本文提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)的理論基礎(chǔ)。但是目前針對(duì)某個(gè)區(qū)域進(jìn)行兩者耦合協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系的研究成果還較少,研究長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展相關(guān)研究成果更是不多。基于此,本文以長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)為研究對(duì)象,構(gòu)建數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展綜合評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,利用耦合協(xié)調(diào)度模型對(duì)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的耦合協(xié)調(diào)演進(jìn)特征進(jìn)行分析。
1 研究設(shè)計(jì)
1.1 指標(biāo)體系構(gòu)建
基于數(shù)據(jù)的科學(xué)性、代表性和可獲得性原則,本文參考已
有研究成果[21,23],從數(shù)字基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、數(shù)字業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)模、數(shù)字產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展和數(shù)字創(chuàng)新能力四個(gè)維度選取12個(gè)指標(biāo),構(gòu)建數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展綜合評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系;從經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、創(chuàng)新能力、資源配置效率和綠色發(fā)展四個(gè)維度選取8個(gè)指標(biāo),構(gòu)建紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展綜合評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。其中,紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)包括紡織業(yè)(C17),紡織服裝、服飾業(yè),簡(jiǎn)稱服裝業(yè)(C18),皮革、毛皮、羽毛及其制品和制鞋業(yè),簡(jiǎn)稱皮革和制鞋業(yè)(C19),化學(xué)纖維制造業(yè)(C28)四個(gè)細(xì)分行業(yè)。
數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展綜合評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系如表1所示。
1.2 研究方法
1.2.1 改進(jìn)熵值法
為了動(dòng)態(tài)反映數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的耦合協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系,本文采用改進(jìn)熵值法[24-25]測(cè)算長(zhǎng)三角三省一市數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展水平。具體測(cè)算步驟如下:
第一步:對(duì)原始數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化處理。由于文中構(gòu)建的綜合評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系數(shù)據(jù)量綱存在很大差異,且指標(biāo)屬性不一致,需要對(duì)原始數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化處理。因此,采用極值法對(duì)原始數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化處理。公式如下:
正向指標(biāo):
式中:x′ij表示標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化處理后的數(shù)值,xij表示i個(gè)地區(qū)第j個(gè)指標(biāo)的原始指標(biāo)值,min(x1j,x2j,…,xmj)和max(x1j,x2j,…,xnj)分別表示原始指標(biāo)值的最小值和最大值。
第二步:進(jìn)行平移處理。為了克服測(cè)算熵值時(shí)出現(xiàn)零值或者負(fù)值,本文參考呂明元等[26]的做法,對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化后的數(shù)值進(jìn)行平移處理。公式如下:
x′ij=x′ij+1(3)
第三步:確定各指標(biāo)值比重。
第五步:確定差異系數(shù)。
gj=1-ej(6)
第六步:確定指標(biāo)權(quán)重。
1.2.2 耦合協(xié)調(diào)度模型
1) 數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的耦合度。本文采用耦合協(xié)調(diào)度模型[27-28]對(duì)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的耦合度進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),計(jì)算公式如下:
式中:C表示耦合度,U1表示數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平,U2表示紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展水平。
2) 數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度。
式中:T表示數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展兩大系統(tǒng)的綜合協(xié)調(diào)指數(shù),α、β表示待估權(quán)重系數(shù)。本文認(rèn)為數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展兩大系統(tǒng)同等重要,因此α取值與β取值相同,即α=β=0.5。D表示數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度,其取值范圍[0,1],D值越大說明兩系統(tǒng)發(fā)展水平越協(xié)調(diào),反之則說明兩系統(tǒng)之間協(xié)同程度低。
耦合協(xié)調(diào)度等級(jí)劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如表2所示。
3) 數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的相對(duì)發(fā)展度。本文借鑒薛明月[29]的方法,引入相對(duì)發(fā)展度模型衡量長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)相對(duì)于紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展是超前發(fā)展還是滯后發(fā)展。計(jì)算公式如下:
P=U1U2(11)
式中:P表示相對(duì)發(fā)展度,當(dāng)P>1.2時(shí),表明是數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展超前型;當(dāng)0.8<P≤1.2時(shí),表明數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展是同步發(fā)展型;當(dāng)P≤0.8時(shí),表明是數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展滯后型。
1.3 數(shù)據(jù)來源
本文選取長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)三省一市作為研究對(duì)象,樣本時(shí)間跨度為2012—2021年,數(shù)據(jù)來源于歷年《上海統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒》《江蘇統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒》《浙江統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒》《安徽統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒》,以及中國(guó)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、中國(guó)高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和上述三省一市的統(tǒng)計(jì)公報(bào)。個(gè)別缺失數(shù)據(jù)采用插值法補(bǔ)齊。
1.4 耦合協(xié)調(diào)演進(jìn)特征分析
1.4.1 整體演進(jìn)特征分析
基于構(gòu)建的耦合協(xié)調(diào)模型,本文利用SPSSAU測(cè)算了長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)2012—2021年數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的耦合度、耦合協(xié)調(diào)度;同時(shí),基于相對(duì)發(fā)展度模型測(cè)算了數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的相對(duì)發(fā)展度,結(jié)果如表3所示。由表3可知,在考察期內(nèi)耦合度數(shù)值均在0.900以上,平均值為0.977,表明長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展具有高度的相關(guān)性,處于高水平耦合階段;耦合協(xié)調(diào)度呈現(xiàn)逐年穩(wěn)步上升趨勢(shì),從2012年的嚴(yán)重失調(diào)階段過渡到2020—2021年的優(yōu)質(zhì)協(xié)調(diào)階段。分析認(rèn)為其原因是隨著長(zhǎng)三角一體化國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略深入推進(jìn),長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)憑借區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)、要素稟賦和制度紅利,加速數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)深度融入紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)研發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)制造、經(jīng)營(yíng)管理、營(yíng)銷服務(wù)全鏈條,協(xié)同研發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)、柔性制造、共享制造、智慧工廠、在線監(jiān)測(cè)、線上線下一體化體驗(yàn)營(yíng)銷等新業(yè)態(tài)、新模式、新場(chǎng)景不斷涌現(xiàn),兩大系統(tǒng)呈現(xiàn)相互支撐、相融促進(jìn)的良好生態(tài);同時(shí),兩大系統(tǒng)的相對(duì)發(fā)展度在0.8~1.2,表明兩大系統(tǒng)始終處于同步發(fā)展階段。
1.4.2 地區(qū)差異分析
圖1報(bào)告了長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)三省一市數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度情況,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)地區(qū)間具有顯著的差異性。具體而言,江蘇數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度整體最優(yōu),觀察期內(nèi)耦合協(xié)調(diào)度在0.86~0.95,平均值達(dá)到0.908(優(yōu)質(zhì)協(xié)調(diào)),分析認(rèn)為這是由于江蘇以建設(shè)“數(shù)實(shí)融合第一省”為目標(biāo),深入推動(dòng)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)融合,尤其是利用數(shù)字技術(shù)賦能紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)改造,實(shí)施“智改數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)”(智能化改造和數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型)路線,成效顯著。浙江兩大系統(tǒng)耦合協(xié)調(diào)度均值為0.536(勉強(qiáng)協(xié)調(diào)),位列第二,其耦合協(xié)調(diào)度呈現(xiàn)先降后升趨勢(shì),由2012的0.674下降到2017年的0.281,而后緩慢上升到2021年的0.507。究其原因,一是在2017—2018年,浙江處于數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展超前階段(圖2),紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展與數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不同步,導(dǎo)致協(xié)耦合調(diào)度下降;二是浙江數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)融合的深度、廣度和效能還有待提升。上海的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度變動(dòng)較為平緩,其耦合協(xié)調(diào)度在0.41~0.58徘徊,平均值為0.472(瀕臨失調(diào)),位列第三,分析認(rèn)為這是由于上海致力于發(fā)展現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)和先進(jìn)制造業(yè),紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)已經(jīng)退出支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)序列,但是通過技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、數(shù)字化賦能,上海持續(xù)推進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)紡織制造業(yè)向設(shè)計(jì)研發(fā)、品牌服務(wù)等高端延伸,成效顯著,因此,兩大系統(tǒng)的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度位列第三。安徽的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度最低,其均值為0.347(輕度失調(diào)),但是十年間,其耦合協(xié)調(diào)度由2012年的0.114過渡到2021年的0.403,呈現(xiàn)波浪式上升趨勢(shì)。這說明安徽憑借地緣優(yōu)勢(shì),積極融入長(zhǎng)三角一體化發(fā)展,其數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)蓬勃發(fā)展,紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型步伐加快,兩大系統(tǒng)的融合水平穩(wěn)步提升。
1.4.3 行業(yè)差異分析
表4和表5分別報(bào)告了2012—2021年長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)細(xì)分行業(yè)(紡織業(yè)C17、服裝業(yè)C18,皮革和制鞋業(yè)C19,化學(xué)纖維制造業(yè)C28)的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度情況和相對(duì)發(fā)展度情況,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)細(xì)分行業(yè)間存在顯著的差異性。由表4可知,在數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)分行業(yè)耦合協(xié)調(diào)的表現(xiàn)上,江蘇最好,數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織業(yè)、服裝業(yè)、皮革和制鞋業(yè)、化學(xué)纖維制造業(yè)四個(gè)細(xì)分行業(yè)耦合協(xié)調(diào)度均處于良好協(xié)調(diào)以上(耦合協(xié)調(diào)度在0.85~0.93),其中數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與服裝業(yè)的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度均值達(dá)到0.909,處于優(yōu)質(zhì)協(xié)調(diào)階段,且數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)細(xì)分行業(yè)間均處于同步發(fā)展階段(表5),這也應(yīng)證了江蘇通過“數(shù)實(shí)融合”“智改數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)”,數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)細(xì)分行業(yè)協(xié)同提效效果顯著。浙江數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織業(yè)、服裝業(yè)、皮革和制鞋業(yè)三個(gè)細(xì)分行業(yè)的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度處于初級(jí)協(xié)調(diào),與化學(xué)纖維制造業(yè)的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度均值為0.758,處于中級(jí)協(xié)調(diào)階段。究其原因,一是由于化學(xué)纖維制造業(yè)自身化學(xué)過程制備更容易應(yīng)用智能設(shè)備,智能化改造和數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型更易深入推進(jìn);二是浙江作為中國(guó)化纖第一大省,數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與化學(xué)纖維制造業(yè)處于同步發(fā)展階段,而數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與服裝業(yè)(2013—2018年、2020年)、皮革和制鞋業(yè)(2012—2018年、2020年)、紡織業(yè)(2017—2020年)的相對(duì)發(fā)展度個(gè)別年份處于數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展超前型階段,進(jìn)而影響耦合協(xié)調(diào)度的提升。上海數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織業(yè)、服裝業(yè)的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度處于勉強(qiáng)協(xié)調(diào)階段,與皮革和制鞋業(yè)的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度處于初級(jí)協(xié)調(diào)階段,與化學(xué)纖維制造業(yè)的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度處于瀕臨失調(diào)階段,可以看出,上海數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與化學(xué)纖維制造業(yè)耦合協(xié)調(diào)度最低,分析認(rèn)為這是由于上?;瘜W(xué)纖維制造業(yè)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模在縮減(由2012年的48.24萬t降低到2021年的3247萬t),且數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與化學(xué)纖維制造業(yè)(2020—2021年)處于數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展超前型階段,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致其耦合協(xié)調(diào)度降低;紡織業(yè)、服裝業(yè)、皮革和制鞋業(yè)的生產(chǎn)規(guī)模雖然也在不同程度地縮減,但數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與三個(gè)細(xì)分行業(yè)均呈現(xiàn)同步發(fā)展階段,因而數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與三個(gè)細(xì)分行業(yè)的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度優(yōu)于化學(xué)纖維制造業(yè)。安徽數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)四個(gè)細(xì)分行業(yè)的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度在十年間得到了顯著提升,均從2012年的中度失調(diào)階段過渡到了2021年的勉強(qiáng)協(xié)調(diào)階段,這說明安徽積極融入長(zhǎng)三角一體化國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略,數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)的四個(gè)細(xì)分行業(yè)均得到了長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展,但是其與兩省一市相比差距還很大,還處于“跟跑”階段。就均值而言,數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與化學(xué)纖維制造業(yè)、紡織業(yè)的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度處于瀕臨失調(diào)階段,與服裝業(yè)、皮革和制鞋業(yè)的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度處于勉強(qiáng)協(xié)調(diào)階段。分析認(rèn)為這是由于化學(xué)纖維、紡織業(yè)兩個(gè)細(xì)分行業(yè)總體規(guī)模較小、比重偏低,且產(chǎn)品供給質(zhì)量不高(主要表現(xiàn)為產(chǎn)品附加值偏低、同質(zhì)化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)嚴(yán)重、貼牌加工占主導(dǎo)),同時(shí)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)政策出臺(tái)、推進(jìn)相對(duì)較晚,數(shù)字化基礎(chǔ)薄弱,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與其化學(xué)纖維、紡織業(yè)融合滲透深度不夠,數(shù)據(jù)聯(lián)通、整合與共享不足,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致其耦合協(xié)調(diào)度不高。
2 政策建議
2.1 加大補(bǔ)助力度,精準(zhǔn)扶持長(zhǎng)三角紡織企業(yè)智改數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)
一是建立長(zhǎng)三角區(qū)域政策服務(wù)管理平臺(tái),充分利用制度紅利的虹吸效應(yīng)和輻射效應(yīng),支持?jǐn)?shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)(細(xì)分行業(yè))耦合協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。二是加大政府財(cái)政補(bǔ)助資金的支持力度,長(zhǎng)三角區(qū)域各省市均要建立專項(xiàng)資金,對(duì)紡織企業(yè)智能化改造和數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型給予資金補(bǔ)助,同時(shí)制定評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,明確評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),開展動(dòng)態(tài)跟蹤評(píng)價(jià),并按照評(píng)價(jià)等級(jí)確定補(bǔ)助類別。三是出臺(tái)紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)智改數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)減稅降費(fèi)一攬子優(yōu)惠政策,
根據(jù)地域差別、行業(yè)差別,實(shí)施浮動(dòng)差異化減稅降費(fèi)優(yōu)惠政策,尤其對(duì)關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域、關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)的智改數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)實(shí)施更大力度的減稅降費(fèi)、稅收抵扣等政策,降低紡織企業(yè)智改數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)成本,促進(jìn)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)(細(xì)分行業(yè))耦合協(xié)調(diào)度提升。
2.2 明確長(zhǎng)三角紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)智改數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)重點(diǎn)支持項(xiàng)目,匯集各方力量協(xié)同攻關(guān)
結(jié)合長(zhǎng)三角各省市區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)、資源稟賦和產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎(chǔ),制定長(zhǎng)三角數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展行動(dòng)計(jì)劃,編制紡織企業(yè)智能化改造和數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型工作指南。建立和完善紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)智改數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)重點(diǎn)扶持項(xiàng)目庫(kù)(如紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)智改數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)公共服務(wù)平臺(tái)、數(shù)字化綠色化協(xié)同制造、數(shù)字化應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景、中小紡織企業(yè)數(shù)字化應(yīng)用等),引導(dǎo)促進(jìn)紡織企業(yè)做好智改數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)整體布局規(guī)劃,實(shí)施動(dòng)態(tài)管理,加強(qiáng)跟蹤督辦,持續(xù)做好服務(wù),確保項(xiàng)目落地落實(shí),并在稅收、用地、用能、用工、租金、物流、設(shè)備購(gòu)置等方面給予重點(diǎn)傾斜。通過匯集多元力量,鼓勵(lì)紡織企業(yè)開展跨區(qū)域、跨部門、跨行業(yè)項(xiàng)目合作,擴(kuò)需求、優(yōu)供給,線上線下同步發(fā)力,共同開拓市場(chǎng),形成同頻共振協(xié)作共贏的強(qiáng)大合力,逐漸縮小區(qū)域差異。
2.3 加快推進(jìn)貼息政策落地,助力長(zhǎng)三角數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)深入融合
一方面落實(shí)專項(xiàng)資金支持頭部企業(yè)在智慧設(shè)計(jì)、智能制造、智慧營(yíng)銷等方面給予政策支持與資金優(yōu)惠,延長(zhǎng)頭部企業(yè)貸款貼息年限,促進(jìn)頭部企業(yè)擴(kuò)大規(guī)模、提升質(zhì)量。同時(shí)積極鼓勵(lì)頭部企業(yè)以云服務(wù)的方式向中小紡織企業(yè)分享數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型優(yōu)秀案例,對(duì)智能化改造和數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型帶動(dòng)作用明顯的頭部企業(yè),給予稅收、資金、項(xiàng)目、人才等政策傾斜。另一方面,要優(yōu)先選擇中小企業(yè)密集、轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)潛力大的細(xì)分行業(yè),科學(xué)評(píng)估數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型成效,并給予政府補(bǔ)貼。中小紡織企業(yè)自身也要積極融入數(shù)字化生態(tài),主動(dòng)對(duì)接行業(yè)頭部企業(yè),學(xué)習(xí)頭部企業(yè)數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)。通過“頭部企業(yè)+中小企業(yè)”協(xié)同智改數(shù)轉(zhuǎn),推動(dòng)長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)耦合協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。
2.4 以數(shù)字普惠金融促進(jìn)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量耦合協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展
數(shù)字普惠金融對(duì)企業(yè)數(shù)字化能產(chǎn)生顯著的促進(jìn)效應(yīng)[30]。因此,一方面要加強(qiáng)長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)數(shù)字普惠金融頂層設(shè)計(jì)和立法,完善政策法規(guī)支持框架,打造長(zhǎng)三角數(shù)字普惠金融促進(jìn)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)深度融合發(fā)展的金融生態(tài),從而提高數(shù)字普惠金融資源配置效率。另一方面,要鼓勵(lì)金融機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)立數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型專項(xiàng)貸款,加大對(duì)中小紡織企業(yè)智能化改造、數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型的金融支持力度。此外,要從全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈角度,結(jié)合紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)細(xì)分行業(yè)特點(diǎn),深挖細(xì)分行業(yè)潛力,用好制度紅利,利用數(shù)字技術(shù),拓寬融資渠道,創(chuàng)新應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景,制定差異化的數(shù)字普惠金融推廣策略,精準(zhǔn)刻畫用戶畫像,為紡織企業(yè)智能化改造、數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型提供個(gè)性化金融產(chǎn)品或服務(wù),促進(jìn)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)細(xì)分行業(yè)加速融合,進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)耦合協(xié)調(diào)度的提升。
3 結(jié) 論
本文以長(zhǎng)三角三省一市為研究對(duì)象,基于改進(jìn)的熵值法,利用耦合度、耦合協(xié)調(diào)度、相對(duì)發(fā)展度模型,分析了2012—2021年長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的耦合協(xié)調(diào)演進(jìn)特征,得出以下結(jié)論。
1) 整體看,長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展具有高度的相關(guān)性,處于高水平耦合階段;耦合協(xié)調(diào)度在逐年穩(wěn)步提升,從初始的嚴(yán)重協(xié)調(diào)階段過渡到優(yōu)質(zhì)協(xié)調(diào)階段;相對(duì)發(fā)展度始終處于同步發(fā)展階段。這說明隨著長(zhǎng)三角一體化國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略深入推進(jìn),數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)深度融入紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)全鏈條,催生了協(xié)同研發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)、柔性制造、共享制造、智慧工廠、在線監(jiān)測(cè)、線上線下一體化體驗(yàn)營(yíng)銷等新業(yè)態(tài)、新模式、新場(chǎng)景,數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展呈現(xiàn)相互支撐、相融促進(jìn)的良好態(tài)勢(shì)。
2) 分地區(qū)看,長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度具有顯著的地區(qū)差異性。即江蘇整體最優(yōu),耦合協(xié)調(diào)度均值處于優(yōu)質(zhì)協(xié)調(diào)階段;浙江耦合協(xié)調(diào)度均值位列第二,處于勉強(qiáng)協(xié)調(diào)階段,呈現(xiàn)先降后升趨勢(shì);上海的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度在考察期內(nèi)波動(dòng)較為平穩(wěn),位列第三,耦合協(xié)調(diào)度均值處于瀕臨失調(diào)階段。安徽的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度最低,均值處于輕度失調(diào)階段,但是十年間,其耦合協(xié)調(diào)度不斷優(yōu)化,呈現(xiàn)波浪式上升趨勢(shì)。
3) 細(xì)分行業(yè)看,長(zhǎng)三角三省一市數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的耦合協(xié)調(diào)呈現(xiàn)顯著的行業(yè)差異性。江蘇數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與紡織業(yè)、服裝業(yè)、皮革和制鞋業(yè)、化學(xué)纖維制造業(yè)四個(gè)細(xì)分行業(yè)耦合協(xié)調(diào)度均處于良好協(xié)調(diào)以上,其中數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與服裝業(yè)的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度最高,均值處于優(yōu)質(zhì)協(xié)調(diào)階段。浙江數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與化學(xué)纖維制造業(yè)的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度最好,其均值處于中級(jí)協(xié)調(diào)階段,與其他三個(gè)細(xì)分行業(yè)的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度處于初級(jí)協(xié)調(diào)階段。上海數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與皮革和制鞋業(yè)的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度最高,處于初級(jí)協(xié)調(diào)階段,與紡織業(yè)、服裝業(yè)處于勉強(qiáng)協(xié)調(diào)階段,與化學(xué)纖維制造業(yè)處于瀕臨失調(diào)階段。安徽數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與皮革和制鞋業(yè)、服裝業(yè)的耦合協(xié)調(diào)度相對(duì)較好,處于勉強(qiáng)協(xié)調(diào)階段,與紡織業(yè)、化學(xué)纖維制造業(yè)處于瀕臨失調(diào)階段。
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Research on the coupling and coordination of digital economy and high-quality developmentof the textile industry in the Yangtze River Delta
WANG Ruirong1, YAN Ping2, NIE Shuangshuang1
(1.Fanli Business College, Shaoxing Vocational & Technical College, Shaoxing 312000, China; 2.School of Digital Commerce and Trade,Zhejiang Institute of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Hangzhou 310053, China)
Abstract:With the iterative upgrading of information technologies such as big data, industrial Internet, 5G, and artificial intelligence, the digital economy has become an important force in promoting Chinese-style modernization and an accelerator for achieving common prosperity. As one of the traditional advantageous industries and pillar industries in the Yangtze River Delta, the development of the textile industry has effectively driven the economic and rural revitalization of urban agglomerations, and is an important force to benefit people’s livelihood and promote the stable development of economy and society in the new era. The acceleration of the integration process in the Yangtze River Delta and the rapid development of the digital economy have provided new opportunities for the high-quality development of the textile industry. The digital economy empowering high-quality development of the textile industry will become the mainstream of future industry development. Therefore, in-depth analysis of the coupling and coordination relationship between digital economy and the high-quality development of the textile industry has important theoretical significance and practical value for the formulation of industrial integration development policy in the Yangtze River Delta.
Taking three provinces and one city in the Yangtze River Delta as the research object, based on the improved entropy method and using the models of coupling degree, coupling degree of coordination and relative development degree, we analyzed the coupling and coordination evolution characteristics of the digital economy and high-quality development of the textile industry in the Yangtze River Delta from 2012 to 2021, and drew the three major conclusions. First, on the whole, digital economy and high-quality development of textile industry in the Yangtze River Delta region were highly correlated and in a high-level coupling stage. The coupling coordination degree was steadily increasing year by year, from the initial serious imbalance stage to the high-quality coordination stage. The relative development degree was always in the synchronous development stage. This shows that with the deepening of the national strategy of integrating the Yangtze River Delta, the digital economy was deeply integrated into the whole chain of the textile industry, which spawned new formats, new models and new scenarios of R&D, design, manufacturing and marketing. Digital economy and high-quality development of the textile industry showed a good trend of mutual support and integration. Second, in terms of regions, the coupling and coordination degree between digital economy and high-quality development of the textile industry in the Yangtze River Delta region had significant regional difference. That is, Jiangsu was the best as a whole, and the average coupling coordination degree was in the stage of high-quality coordination; the average value of coupling coordination degree in Zhejiang ranked second, which was in the stage of reluctant coordination, showing a trend of first decline and then increase; Shanghai’s coupling coordination degree fluctuated smoothly during the inspection period, ranking third, and the average coupling coordination degree was on the verge of maladjustment; Anhui’s coupling coordination degree was the lowest, and the average value was in the stage of slight imbalance. However, in the past ten years, its coupling coordination degree was continuously optimized, showing a wave-like upward trend. Third, in terms of sub-industries, the coupling and coordination between digital economy and high-quality development of the textile industry in the three provinces and one city in the Yangtze River Delta presented significant industry differences. Jiangsu’s digital economy and clothing industry had the highest degree of coupling and coordination, and the average value was in the stage of high-quality coordination. The coupling coordination degree between Zhejiang’s digital economy and chemical fiber manufacturing industry was the best, and its average value was in the intermediate coordination stage. Shanghai’s digital economy had the highest degree of coupling and coordination with leather and footwear industry, and it was in the primary coordination stage. Anhui’s digital economy was relatively well coordinated with leather, footwear and clothing industries, and it was in a barely coordinated stage.
Based on the above research conclusions, the following policy suggestions are put forward: (i) increasing subsidies to accurately support textile enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta; (ii) clarifying the key support projects for the intellectual transformation and digital transformation of the textile industry in the Yangtze River Delta, and bringing together all forces to work together to tackle key problems; (iii) accelerating the implementation of the discount policy to help deepen integration between digital economy and the textile industry in the Yangtze River Delta; (iv) promoting the coordinated development of digital economy and textile industry with digital inclusive finance.
Key words:Yangtze River Delta; digital economy; textile industry; high-quality development; improved entropy method; coupling coordination degree