愛藝/譯
This portrait is one of several that Frederic Leighton created of the Italian model Nanna Risi, mistress and muse of the artist Anselm Feuerbach1. She is shown dressed in a variety of flowing fabrics, positioned against a background of blue-grey wallpaper and stuccoed Neoclassical ornamentation.
弗雷德里克·萊頓曾為意大利模特南納·里西畫過幾幅肖像,此為其中之一。里西是畫家安瑟爾姆·費(fèi)爾巴哈的情人和靈感來源。此畫中,她身著一件由多種平滑面料制作的衣裙,背景是藍(lán)灰色的壁紙和新古典主義風(fēng)格的灰泥裝飾。
The high neckline, fabrics whose billowing obscures any bodily silhouette, and arms clasped around the body, seem to deny the viewer the kind of erotic frisson which the beauty of her face might imply, and yet Risis expression makes it very clear that this is not done out of defensiveness or weakness, but as a gesture of control. The strong features and almost imperceptible, subtly disdainful smile, combine with the downward angle of the gaze to create a sense of imperiousness. Similarly, the dramatic contrasts of coloring in hair and skin compliment the use of sfumato2, or smokiness, in the eyes, which at once beautifies and shrouds them in mystery.
高領(lǐng)口、遮掩身體輪廓的蓬松衣裙、搭繞身體的雙臂——這些似乎抑制了觀畫者看到美麗面龐時(shí)可能產(chǎn)生的那種沖動(dòng),而里西的表情非常清楚地表明,她的姿態(tài)并非出于防御或源自軟弱,而是呈現(xiàn)掌控的強(qiáng)勢。線條分明的面部特征和幾難察覺的隱隱蔑笑,加上略帶俯角的凝視,給人一種傲慢的感覺。同樣,頭發(fā)和皮膚的顏色形成鮮明對(duì)比,突出了用暈涂法(可產(chǎn)生“煙熏妝”效果)描繪的雙眼,這種技法既有美化作用,也營造了神秘感。
The contemporary reviewer F.G. Stephens wrote in The Athenaeum3 that the figure of Risi was “worthy of Lucrezia Borgia”, the noblewoman and reputed femme fatale of the Florentine Renaissance. Certainly, Leightons model seems to embody the seductiveness and ruthlessness associated with this historical figure, but the connotations of her expression and appearance also make other nods to Italian art history. The critic Richard Dorment notes that “the sfumato [...] and her thin smile evoke Leonardo4, while the lush, scumbled colors and luxurious fabrics recall Veronese5”. The latter was a comparison that Queen Victoria herself made with reference to Leightons style while describing her purchase of Cimabues Celebrated Madonna6.
同時(shí)代的評(píng)論家F. G. 史蒂芬斯在周刊《雅典娜》撰文表示,畫中里西的形象“堪比盧克雷齊婭·波吉亞”,后者是文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期佛羅倫薩的貴婦和人所共知的蛇蝎美人。確實(shí),萊頓此畫的模特看似表現(xiàn)出了那個(gè)歷史人物所帶的誘惑和無情的標(biāo)簽,但她的表情和儀容還暗含了向意大利藝術(shù)史再致敬的意味。藝術(shù)評(píng)論家理查德·多蒙特指出,“這幅畫采用的暈涂法……和她淡淡的笑容讓人想到達(dá)·芬奇,華麗、薄涂的色彩和奢華的面料則讓人想起委羅內(nèi)塞”。維多利亞女王在講述自己購買萊頓的畫作《奇馬布埃的圣母》時(shí),曾將萊頓的繪畫風(fēng)格與后者作比。
1(1829—1880),19世紀(jì)德國新古典主義畫家,杜塞爾多夫?qū)W派、德國-羅馬畫派代表人物。他長期生活在意大利,認(rèn)為意大利是實(shí)現(xiàn)自己理想的佳地,那里的古希臘羅馬藝術(shù)與文藝復(fù)興盛期的繪畫為其創(chuàng)作提供了豐富養(yǎng)料。其前期作品優(yōu)美細(xì)膩,后期充滿痛苦及個(gè)人抗?fàn)?。代表作有《伊菲革涅亞》《阿瑪戎之?zhàn)》《海濱》等。
2 sfumato〈意大利〉暈涂法,漸隱法,朦朧法。文藝復(fù)興四大繪畫技法之一(其他三個(gè)為換色法、明暗對(duì)照法和統(tǒng)合法),由達(dá)·芬奇所創(chuàng),拉斐爾繼承并發(fā)展,具有圓潤柔和的獨(dú)特風(fēng)格。? 3 1828年至1920年發(fā)行的英國文學(xué)周刊,由英國作家、記者和旅行家詹姆斯·西爾克·白金漢(1786—1855)創(chuàng)辦。? 4指Leonardo da Vinci列奧納多·達(dá)·芬奇(1452—1519),意大利畫家、自然科學(xué)家、工程師,歐洲文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的杰出代表,與米開朗基羅、拉斐爾并稱“文藝復(fù)興后三杰”(又稱“美術(shù)三杰”)。? 5指Paolo Veronese保羅·委羅內(nèi)塞(1528—1588),意大利畫家,與提香、丁托列托并稱文藝復(fù)興晚期威尼斯畫派“三杰”。? 6奇馬布埃(約1240—1302),意大利畫家,13世紀(jì)后半期率先進(jìn)行風(fēng)格革新,是喬托的老師,被奉為文藝復(fù)興新藝術(shù)先鋒。