How do we improve our first?aid skills?學(xué)習(xí)急救，從我們做起

王曉峰

不論是親人、朋友還是陌生人，我們都希望能在他們受傷或生病時(shí)提供援助。我們可以通過救護(hù)培訓(xùn)課程、在線閱讀等渠道學(xué)習(xí)急救知識(shí)。

主題語境：學(xué)習(xí)急救 篇幅：347詞 建議用時(shí)：7分鐘

1 We are interested in increasing first?aid skills， so that we willreally be able to help if a loved one or a stranger is injured or sud?denly becomes seriously ill. There are many ways we can improveknowledge in this subject.

2 Those people uninterested in getting any type of certificationcould begin by studying free online resources that explain the basicdetails of first aid. Such resources are found through online siteslike Mayo Clinic， and there are many videos on the Internet thatcan demonstrate first?aid procedures.

3 To get more training， we could enroll in classes. These may be taught by organiza?tions like the Red Cross， and private companies may offer instruction too. Some classes areonline， which means they can be taken at any time， and they can include testing for sometypes of certification. It should be noted that online first ?aid classes do not cover CPRtraining. This training must be performed at an onsite class.

4 More extensive（廣泛的）classes exist to improve first?aid skills. If we plan to work atfire departments， or if we want to volunteer to help emergency responding organizations， wemay need to study for a longer period. We might need to take classes aimed at reallyimproving first?aid skills that include 40 hours or more of instruction and practice time.Those with this additional knowledge are prepared to do things like helping deliver babiesand moving injured people. Volunteers with organizations like the Red Cross that are visibleafter man?made or natural disasters are typically people who have this advanced first?aid?training.

5 For those without the time to take classes， its still recommended that we should atleast do some online reading to improve first?aid skills. A whole family could take this upand help each other with quizzes and conversation. It can also be useful to keep a first?aidcard on hand， which can serve as a reminder of what to do for different types of injuries.Though learning and practice is preferred， some knowledge is certainly better than zerounderstanding of first aid.

Reading Check

Detail

1. What can be found on Mayo Clinic？

A. Videos showing first?aid procedures.

B. Life?saving first?aid skills.

C. Basic first?aid knowledge.

D. Different types of certification.

Inference

2. What is an advantage of online classes？

A. They are easy to pass.

B. They have a flexible schedule.

C. They dont cost much.

D. They include CPR training.

Gist

3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about？

A. Benefits of doing first aid.

B. Ways to get adequate training in first aid.

C. First?aid courses offered by extensive classes.

D. Situations that require advanced level of first?aid training.

Inference

4. What is the purpose of a first?aid card？

A. To take notes of online reading.

B. To finish quizzes and conversation.

C. To help immediately respond to injuries.

D. To remember emergency numbers.

Language Study

Ⅰ. 熟詞生義

It should be noted that online first?aid classes do not cover CPR training. 值得一提的是，這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)急救課程不包括心肺復(fù)蘇培訓(xùn)。

cover v. 包括；覆蓋

e.g. Exercise is a word which covers a wide range of activities.“鍛煉”是一個(gè)涵蓋廣泛活動(dòng)的詞。

Ⅱ. Text?centered chunks

first?aid procedure 急救實(shí)施步驟

onsite class 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)課程

fire department 消防部門

emergency responding organization 急救組織

主題應(yīng)用·語庫構(gòu)建

Ⅰ. 主題詞匯

symptom 癥狀

emergency 緊急情況

dizzy 頭暈的

unconscious 昏迷的

coma 昏迷

injured 受傷的

allergic 過敏的

bleed 流血

choke 噎住

slip 滑倒

fall down 摔倒

shock 休克

electric shock 觸電

heart attack 心臟病發(fā)作

frostbite 凍傷

heatstroke 中暑

infection 感染

swell 腫；腫脹

relieve 減輕

heal 愈合

pulse 脈搏

restore 使恢復(fù)

stability 穩(wěn)固；穩(wěn)定

conscious 有意識(shí)的

rise to ones feet 站起來

first aid 急救

first?aid kit 急救箱

rescue brigade 急救隊(duì)

first?aid tent 急救棚

ice pack 冰袋

towel 毛巾

mask 口罩

gauze 紗布

bandage 繃帶

band?aid 創(chuàng)可貼

thermometer 體溫計(jì)

tweezers 鑷子

pill 藥片；藥丸

ointment 藥膏

ambulance 救護(hù)車

stretcher 擔(dān)架

nursing 護(hù)理

press 按；壓

bind up 包扎

rescue breathing 人工呼吸

life?saving 挽救生命的

care for 看護(hù)；照料

wound 傷口

limb 肢；臂；腿

tissue（動(dòng)植物細(xì)胞的）組織

Ⅱ. 主題美句

1. If the head is swollen， you can ap?ply a cold compress， such as holding anice pack to the wound. 如果頭部腫了，你可以采用冷敷法，比如拿冰袋敷在傷口處。

2. Use your fingers to hold both sidesof your nose for 4 to 8 minutes， or use acotton ball soaked in ice water to fill thenasal cavity with pressure to stop thebleeding. 用手指捏住兩側(cè)鼻翼4至8分鐘，或者用浸了冰水的棉球填塞鼻腔壓迫止血。

3. For burns， put the burn under coolrunning water. Then put a cool cloth on it.Do not put ice or anything else on the burn.對(duì)于燒傷，就用流動(dòng)的冷水沖洗傷口，然后把一塊涼布放在傷口上。不要在燒傷的傷口上放冰塊或其他任何東西。

4. If the person is bleeding， try to stopit quickly. Put a clean cloth on the wound.傷者如果有出血現(xiàn)象，就要設(shè)法趕緊止血。把一塊干凈的布放在傷口上。

5. If someone is choking， hit him orher on the back between his or her shoul?ders. If that does not work， stand behindthe person. Place your arms around him orher. Pull quickly and sharply to help himor her stop choking. 如果有人噎到了，就拍擊他/她肩膀之間的背部。如果這樣沒有效果，就站到那人的身后，伸出雙臂抱住對(duì)方，然后迅速猛拉，從而擠出異物。

6. If the victims clothes are on fire，he should lie down and remain stationaryand quickly be rolled in a rug or blanketdoused with water. 如果受害者的衣服燒著了，他應(yīng)躺下不動(dòng)并用浸濕的毯子裹住自己。

7. She cut her finger badly and it wasbleeding heavily. 她的手指被嚴(yán)重割傷，血流不止。

8. She fell down from the bike andbroke her arm. 她從自行車上摔了下來，傷了胳膊。

9. He badly sprained his ankle， gri?macing in pain. 他嚴(yán)重扭傷了腳踝，疼得齜牙咧嘴。

10. She is choking on a fish bone. 她被魚刺卡住并導(dǎo)致窒息。

11. He was taken to the hospital for asnake bite. 他因遭蛇咬而被送往醫(yī)院。

12. I believe that having some first?aid knowledge is important， because ithelps us protect ourselves better. 我認(rèn)為掌握一定的急救知識(shí)是很重要的，因?yàn)樗軒椭覀兏玫乇Ｗo(hù)自己。

13. Knowing a little first?aid knowl?edge could be life?saving if you see some?one lying unconscious. 如果你看見有人暈倒，知道一些急救知識(shí)可以挽救生命。

14. Too often people dont do anythingbecause they think they will kill the pa?tient， but by learning simple rules youcould make a difference between life anddeath. 通常人們什么都不做，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為自己的做法可能會(huì)害死病人。但是學(xué)習(xí)一些簡(jiǎn)單的措施你就可能可以救死扶傷了。

15. If there are no signs of life—noobvious pulse and their heart is not beat?ing， call an ambulance and then start CPRto maintain a flow of oxygenated blood tothe brain and heart. 如果沒有明顯的脈搏和心臟跳動(dòng)，那就是沒有生命跡象了。此時(shí)要立刻叫救護(hù)車并開始心肺復(fù)蘇以保持含氧血液在大腦和心臟之間流通。

16. If there is no response at all， youneed to establish if they are dead or justunconscious—sometimes its very difficultto tell the difference. 如果沒有回應(yīng)，你需要確定他們是死了還是僅僅是暈過去了，雖然有時(shí)這很難分辨清楚。

Ⅲ. 主題寫作

假定你是李華，在上體育課打籃球時(shí)，你的同學(xué)劉強(qiáng)摔倒并骨折，于是你對(duì)他實(shí)施了必要的急救。請(qǐng)你就此事，用英語寫一篇短文，內(nèi)容包括：

1. 事件發(fā)生的經(jīng)過；

2. 你是如何實(shí)施急救的。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)80左右；

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

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