張曉冬,鐘平
·論 著·
TC/HDL-C聯(lián)合PPI、AI對急性缺血性腦卒中的預(yù)測價值
張曉冬,鐘平
安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬宿州醫(yī)院神經(jīng)內(nèi)科,安徽宿州 234000
探討總膽固醇/高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,TC/HDL-C)聯(lián)合脈壓指數(shù)(pulse pressure index,PPI)、動脈硬化指數(shù)(arteriosclerosis index,AI)對急性缺血性腦卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)的預(yù)測價值。選取2020年10月至2022年10月安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬宿州醫(yī)院收治的AIS患者424例納入病例組,選取同期健康者202名納入對照組。比較兩組研究對象的TC/HDL-C、PPI、AI差異。采用多因素Logistic回歸分析影響AIS的危險因素,采用受試者操作特征曲線(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲線)分析TC/HDL-C、PPI、AI對AIS的預(yù)測價值。病例組患者的收縮壓、舒張壓、血糖、同型半胱氨酸均顯著高于對照組(<0.05)。病例組患者的PPI、AI、TC/HDL-C水平均顯著高于對照組(<0.05)。多因素Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,PPI、AI、TC/HDL-C、同型半胱氨酸、血糖升高均是發(fā)生AIS的獨(dú)立危險因素(<0.05)。ROC曲線結(jié)果顯示,PPI、AI、TC/HDL-C預(yù)測AIS的曲線下面積(area under the curve,AUC)分別為0.669、0.597、0.597,三者聯(lián)合預(yù)測AIS的AUC為0.774。TC/HDL-C、PPI、AI與AIS的發(fā)病密切相關(guān),三者聯(lián)合對AIS有較高的預(yù)測價值。
缺血性腦卒中;總膽固醇/高密度脂蛋白膽固醇;脈壓指數(shù);動脈硬化指數(shù);預(yù)測價值
在我國腦卒中是導(dǎo)致死亡和殘疾的首要原因,全球因腦卒中死亡的人數(shù)中近三分之一發(fā)生在中國[1-2]。隨著預(yù)期壽命的增加,腦卒中導(dǎo)致的殘疾嚴(yán)重阻礙社會流動、經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)步和老年人生活水平的提高[3]。因此,確定預(yù)測腦卒中的危險因素并采取治療措施以減少缺血事件的發(fā)生至關(guān)重要。近年來隨著研究不斷深入,臨床上可通過測量脈壓指數(shù)(pulse pressure index,PPI)、動脈硬化指數(shù)(arteriosclerosis index,AI)及總膽固醇/高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,TC/ HDL-C)評估患者發(fā)生血管疾病的風(fēng)險[4-6]。但其在急性缺血性腦卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)中的研究較少,故本研究旨在探討TC/HDL-C、PPI、AI與AIS發(fā)病的關(guān)系,現(xiàn)將結(jié)果報道如下。
選取2020年10月至2022年10月安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬宿州醫(yī)院收治的AIS患者424例納入病例組,選取同期健康者202名納入對照組。AIS患者納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①腦卒中根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)判定,定義為突然發(fā)生的、由腦血管病變引起的局灶性或全面性腦功能障礙,癥狀持續(xù)超過24h或?qū)е滤劳龅呐R床癥候群[7];②病歷資料中記錄血脂水平;③年齡>18歲。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①原發(fā)腦室出血;②外傷、腫瘤、動脈瘤、海綿狀血管瘤、動靜脈畸形、急性溶栓、凝血障礙等繼發(fā)性腦出血;③手術(shù)治療,包括腦室外引流、開顱手術(shù)、血腫穿刺術(shù)、抽吸等;④有重大疾病患者及精神疾病或意識障礙者。本研究經(jīng)安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬宿州醫(yī)院倫理委員會批準(zhǔn)(倫理審批號:C2023001)。
收集兩組研究對象的一般臨床資料及實(shí)驗(yàn)室指標(biāo)。通過計算得出PPI=(收縮壓–舒張壓)/收縮壓;AI=(TC–HDL-C)/HDL-C以及脂質(zhì)比TC/HDL-C。
病例組患者的收縮壓、舒張壓、血糖、同型半胱氨酸均顯著高于對照組(<0.05)。兩組研究對象的性別、年齡、TC、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)、紅細(xì)胞、血紅蛋白比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(>0.05),見表1。
病例組患者的PPI、AI、TC/HDL-C水平均顯著高于對照組(<0.05),見表2。
表2 兩組研究對象的PPI、AI、TC/HDL-C水平比較()
多因素Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,PPI、AI、TC/HDL-C、同型半胱氨酸、血糖升高均是發(fā)生AIS的獨(dú)立危險因素(<0.05),見表3。
ROC曲線結(jié)果顯示,PPI、AI、TC/HDL-C預(yù)測AIS的曲線下面積(area under the curve,AUC)分別為0.669、0.597、0.597,三者聯(lián)合預(yù)測AIS的AUC為0.774,見表4。
表1 兩組研究對象的一般資料比較
注:1mmHg=0.133kPa
表3 影響AIS發(fā)生的多因素Logistic回歸分析
表4 PPI、AI、TC/HDL-C對AIS的預(yù)測價值
AIS是指腦局部血液循環(huán)障礙,缺血、缺氧所致的局限性腦組織壞死或軟化,常引起新發(fā)的神經(jīng)功能障礙,是常見的腦血管疾病之一[8]。正確認(rèn)識AIS的相關(guān)危險因素,并積極采取預(yù)防措施對改善預(yù)后有重要意義。
盡管血脂異常是AIS的主要風(fēng)險因素,但對脂質(zhì)比與AIS的相關(guān)性研究一直有限。為優(yōu)化脂質(zhì)譜的預(yù)測能力,本研究通過比較AIS患者與健康人群的TC/HDL-C,發(fā)現(xiàn)該指標(biāo)是AIS的獨(dú)立危險因素,且對AIS有一定的預(yù)測效能。TC/HDL-C被認(rèn)為是一種風(fēng)險指標(biāo),其預(yù)測價值高于單獨(dú)的參數(shù),尤其是低密度脂蛋白[4]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),TC/HDL-C升高與缺血性腦卒中和腦出血復(fù)發(fā)顯著相關(guān)[9-10]。低密度脂蛋白是主要的致動脈粥樣硬化脂蛋白,具有致動脈粥樣硬化活性的物質(zhì)還有極低密度脂蛋白和中等密度脂蛋白[11]。高密度脂蛋白通過促進(jìn)致動脈粥樣硬化血管病變中脂質(zhì)沉積的清除及具有抗氧化和抗炎作用而具有抗動脈粥樣硬化活性[12]。故TC/HDL-C可合理地反映導(dǎo)致動脈粥樣硬化和抗動脈粥樣硬化的脂蛋白之間的平衡。
在可能增加AIS風(fēng)險的幾個因素中,高血壓是很重要的一個。有學(xué)者報道,全世界約54%的腦卒中由血壓升高而引起,患者的高血壓病史被證明與AIS顯著正相關(guān)[13]。不受控制的血壓可導(dǎo)致動脈粥樣硬化,從而使血管變得脆弱,導(dǎo)致終末器官損傷。與此同時,腦卒中發(fā)生后也可能導(dǎo)致血壓急性升高[14]。高血壓可引起血流動力學(xué)改變,導(dǎo)致動脈粥樣硬化和管腔狹窄,并影響腦組織的血液供應(yīng)。研究證實(shí)大血管閉塞性腦卒中具有缺血性半暗帶,其自動調(diào)節(jié)受損,對全身血壓的變化更敏感[15]。脈壓已被證實(shí)與腦卒中的發(fā)生顯著相關(guān)[16]。然而,脈壓作為評價指標(biāo)有較大局限性,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出基于脈搏的PPI指標(biāo),它比脈搏波動低,可反映血管內(nèi)部的動態(tài)適應(yīng)性,研究表明PPI是腦卒中發(fā)生、發(fā)展和預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險因素[17]。良好的血壓管理不僅能降低腦卒中風(fēng)險,同樣能改善AIS患者的預(yù)后。動脈硬化是腦血管疾病發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ),而AI是一項(xiàng)利用TC和HDL-C計算出的指標(biāo),可作為評估血脂代謝功能的指標(biāo),其水平與動脈粥樣硬化的程度呈正相關(guān)[18]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)AI是AIS的獨(dú)立危險因素。
同時本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)病例組患者的血糖及血同型半胱氨酸均顯著高于對照組,這可能意味著血糖和血同型半胱氨酸也是AIS的危險因素。無論腦卒中發(fā)病到血糖評估之間的時間長短或評估血糖水平的條件如何,入院高血糖都是AIS住院患者的常見癥狀[19]。研究表明,AIS住院患者的血糖水平短暫升高,并通常持續(xù)數(shù)天[20]。腦卒中后48h內(nèi),血糖升高可加重AIS患者的腦損傷,增加腦水腫,引起出血性轉(zhuǎn)化和腦疝,嚴(yán)重者導(dǎo)致死亡[21]。針對高血糖的最佳治療策略對改善AIS患者的預(yù)后具有重要意義。同型半胱氨酸是一種含巰基的氨基酸,是蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸代謝的重要中間產(chǎn)物。高同型半胱氨酸血癥人群發(fā)生缺血性腦卒中的風(fēng)險比低水平人群高1.71倍[22]。高同型半胱氨酸可破壞內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞,收縮血管平滑肌,促進(jìn)炎癥反應(yīng)與氧化應(yīng)激,激活凝血系統(tǒng)等,導(dǎo)致動脈彈性降低,加速動脈粥樣硬化進(jìn)程[23]。因此,明確同型半胱氨酸與缺血性腦卒中的相關(guān)性,降低高?;颊叩耐桶腚装彼崴?,可能對預(yù)防缺血性腦卒中有一定作用。
綜上,TC/HDL-C、PPI、AI與AIS的發(fā)生關(guān)系密切,是急性腦血管疾病的危險因素,三者聯(lián)合可作為預(yù)測AIS的有效臨床指標(biāo)。
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Predictive value of TC/HDL-C combined with PPI and AI in acute ischemic stroke
Department of Neurology, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Suzhou 234000, Anhui, China
To explore the value of total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) combined with pulse pressure index (PPI) and arteriosclerosis index (AI) in the prediction of acute ischemic stroke (AIS).A total of 424 AIS patients admitted to Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University from October 2020 to October 2022 were included in case group, and 202 healthy people were included in control group during the same period. The difference of TC/HDL-C, PPI and AI of the two groups was compared. Multiple Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting AIS, and the predictive value of TC/HDL-C, PPI and AI on AIS was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose and homocysteine in case group were significantly higher than those in control group (<0.05). The levels of PPI, AI and TC/HDL-C in case group were significantly higher than those in control group (<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that PPI, AI, TC/HDL-C, homocysteine, and blood glucose were independent risk factors for AIS (<0.05). ROC curve results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) predicted by PPI, AI and TC/HDL-C were 0.669, 0.597 and 0.597, respectively, and the AUC of AIS predicted by the three combined was 0.774.TC/HDL-C, PPI, AI and AIS are closely related, and their combination has high predictive value for AIS.
Ischemic stroke; Total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; Pulse pressure index; Arteriosclerosis index; Predictive value
R743
A
10.3969/j.issn.1673-9701.2023.19.010
2021年度宿州市科技計劃項(xiàng)目(SZSKJJZC009)
鐘平,電子信箱:drzp1966@163.com
(2023–02–06)
(2023–06–21)