英文目錄與摘要（English Contents and Abstracts）

[Theories and Thoughts]

Title： National History and Its Transcendence： On the Feasibility of a Bifurcated National History…………/3

Author： Zhang Xupeng， Professor， Institute of Historical Theories， Chinese Academy of Social Sciences， Beijing，100101， China.

Abstract： The rise of national history in China， which began with the pursuit of the Chinese historians to create a nation-state in China， played an important role in shaping national identity， enhancing national consciousness and promoting national unity. However， because of its homogeneous and exclusive narrative of the nation-state， national history has neglected the histories of different ethnic groups within it. Under the influence of global history， in recent years， some historians attempted to re-conceptualize China from the perspectives of the neighboring areas and Inner Asia， seeking to break the rigid nationalist conception of history and write Chinese history presenting unity as well as diversity. As far as this is concerned， the frontier that involves more social mobility， internal and external factors， and the intertwined powers of the center and peripheries constitutes asubstantial subject in writing bifurcated national history.

Key words： national history; nation-state; frontier; bifurcated history

[Ancient Mediterranean Civilizations]

Title： The Royally Bestowed Seals and State Governance in Ur III Dynasty……………………………………/16

Authors： Chao Xueting， Lecturer， Institute for the History of Ancient Civilizations， Northeast Normal University，Changchun， Jilin， 130024， China; Dong Xiaobo， Postdoctoral Fellow， Institute for the History of Ancient Civilizations， Northeast Normal University， Changchun， Jilin， 130024， China.

Abstract： The royally bestowed seals of the Ur III Dynasty are the highest ranked seals of this period known at present. They were originally granted to cronies in small numbers as certificates of appointment to strengthen the local supervision during the reform of the ?ulgi aiming at strengthening the royal power. During the period of ?u-Suen， the authority of the royally bestowed seals increased. Some holders could even represent the king to exercise the power similar to the imperial commissioners， including disposal of royal goods. By the time of Ibbi-Suen， with the decline of royal power and local control， the usage of royally bestowed seals were abused. A statistical study of the issue and use of the royally bestowed seals in the historical and cultural background of the Ur III Dynasty， may provide a new understanding of the political system of this period.

Key words： Ur III Dynasty; cylinder seal; royally bestowed Seals; divine kingship

Title： Ariston and Demaratus： The Spartan Sagas Told by Herodotus………………………………………/25

Author： Wang Yixin， Professor， School of History， Nankai University， Jinnan District， Tianjin， 300350， China.

Abstract： In book VI of his Histories， Herodotus traced the dual kingship in Sparta and the anecdotes of Spartan?kings， among whom Ariston， the Eurypontid king， and his heir Demaratus， who succeeded the throne but deposed later and then exiled himself in Persia， are especially fascinating. This paper conducts a specific case analysis of the sagas of these two kings， aiming to show that the early Spartan history told by Herodotus is largely modeled on the oral traditions of Sparta. These sagas are reshaped and remolded history， far from the history as it is， based on some historical facts and motifs of myths， as well as some folktales following the pattern of traditional narrative， reflecting popular religious beliefs， cultural motivations and expectations， as well as traditional customs， such as Spartans treatment to abnormal babies， oaths， and royal customs of marriage. In addition， the historian shaped Demaratus according to the "pattern of the exiled"， sublimated him morally， made him play the role of "wise advisor" and act as a spokesman for Greek culture and values. In this way， the historian expressed his own value through Demaratus' mouth to satisfy his literary needs of story-telling.

Key words： Herodotus; Sparta; Ariston; Demaratus

Title： Prince Lavaus Tomb and the Celtic Cultural Vision： Focused on the European Absorption and Amalgamation of Mediterranean Cultures……………………………………………………………/34

Author： Liu Tianqiao， Lecturer， School of History and Culture， Hubei University， Wuhan， Hubei， 430062， China.

Abstract： In 2014-2015， the French National Institute of Preventive Archaeology excavated the tomb of the?Prince of Lavau that located in the province of Aube. The tomb contained a large number of burial objects from the Mediterranean regions of Greece and Etruria， as well as from the Celtic natives. These artifacts of different origins， particular ways of presentation， decorative motifs of special significance provide us with numerous details about the Mediterranean banquets held by the Celts that may help to study the cultural characteristics， power exercise patterns of the Celtic aristocracy， and the state of the Celtic aristocracy in their incorporation with Mediterranean cultural practices.

Key words： Celtic culture; Prince Lavaus Tomb; Mediterranean; cultural absorption and amalgamation

[Byzantine and the European Middle Ages]

Title： An Analysis of Two Narrative Approaches for the Saxon Wars in the 8-10th Centuries……………/46

Authors： Zhang Youjie， Ph. D. Candidate， School of History and Culture， Northeast Normal University，Changchun， Jilin， 130024， China; Wang Jinxin， Professor， School of History and Culture， Northeast Normal University， Changchun， Jilin， 130024， China.

Abstract： The Saxon Wars have attracted the attention of historians and literati for its long duration and its connection with Charlemagne. The Franks and Saxons in different eras have repeatedly written about the wars to construct their own narratives. Taken that each narrative has its own features， in general， however， these narratives can be categorized into Franks narrative and Saxons narrative. The two narratives employed essentially the same logic based on same values. The Franks emphasized their own rationality， legitimacy， and justification for dominance， while the Saxons addressed unrestricted rights for development. Both are aimed at maintaining or enhancing their own strength. After all， two kinds of narratives are competing over power of speech.

Key words： Franks; Saxons; Saxon Wars; narratives

[History of Pre-Qin China]

Title： A Textual Research on Yu's Achievements Called Futu， Suishan， Kanmu， and Junchuan…………/56

Authors： Xu Zhaochang， Professor， Department of Chinese History， School of Literature， Jilin University，Changchun， Jilin， 130012， China; Wang Yizhong， Ph. D. Candidate， Department of Chinese History， School of Literature， Jilin University， Changchun， Jilin， 130012， China.

Abstract： Since the false commentary by Kong Anguo（孔安國） attached to Shangshu（《尚書》，The Book of History）， futu（敷土）， suishan（隨山）， kanmu（刊木） and junchuan（濬川） have been regarded as four major achievements by Yu（禹） in his efforts to control flood. However， the scholars from the Warring States period till the East Han Dynasty actually talked about the flood control and futu as two separate matters and always put flood control before futu in their writings. Accordingly， futu was not a part of Yus flood control project at all. Futu， suishan， kanmu， and junchuan should be understood as various projects undertaken by Yu to restore the agricultural economy after the great flood. Futu was a project to transform marsh into farmland. Suishan and kanmu were projects to cultivate earthen hill. Junchuan was a project for daily draining and irrigation. After the completion of these projects， Yu issued a policy to collect levy taxes according to different land productivities. Flood control， futu， and collection of levy taxes are three steps made by Yu to achieve his general goals.

Key words： Achievements of Yu; futu; suishan; kanmu; junchuan[Imperial China]

Title： A Study of the Materials Delivering and Receiving System in Qin Era： Based on Some Manuscripts

Unearthed in Leye……………………………………………………………………………………………/72

Author： Zhang Yijing， Lecturer， School of History and Culture， Southwest University， Chongqing， 400715， China.

Abstract： Based upon the document Yiling diaoku xianyong（義陵調(diào)庫縣用） in Liye Qin Manuscripts， this?paper clarifies the document delivery procedure from the official storage of Yiling County to the official storage of Qianling County. The Qin government employed strict surveillance methods to guarantee the transport of documents and materials among different governmental sectors， especially the munitions related materials between counties. The procedures and regulations concerning living supply conveyance within a county were comparatively simplified. It can be concluded that the Qin county-level governments established systematical regulations on material delivery and receiving procedures according to actual needs.

Key words： Materials; delivering and receiving; system; Liye Qin Manuscripts; Yuelu Qin Manuscripts

Title： A Preliminary Study of the Legal System of Water Conservancy Based on the Unearthed Documents Dated to the Qin and Han Dynasties……………………………………………………………….……/83

Author： Feng Wenwen， Associate professor， Jiangnan Cultural Research Institute， Jiangnan University， Wuxi，Jiangsu， 214122， China.

Abstract： The Qin to Han period is an important stage in terms of the codification of water conservancy. At this?time， the water conservancy legislation covered issues such as hydraulic engineering， irrigation， flood control， and water transportation. Affected by the conception of classification and induction， the legislation was also grounded on the practical experiences. The laws dealing with hydraulic engineering and corvée reflect that the flood control during the Qin and Han dynasties was a public affair that requires corresponding labor force mobilization. The Qin and Han water concerned decrees were mainly issued to ensure the orderly and fair usage of water. During the Qin and Han Dynasties， there were already strict regulations dealing with the ships and water transportation while the legal responsibilities for related accidents were made meticulous.

Key words： water conservancy law; agriculture law; agriculture decree

Title： The Household Registration of Private Slaves in the Qin， Han and Sun Wu Periods： A New Discussion Based on the Bamboo Slips and Wooden Tablets………………………………………………………/95

Author： Lian Xianyong， Lecturer， College of History and Culture， Xinyang Normal University， Xinyang， Henan，464000， China.

Abstract： The materials on the bamboo slips and wooden tablets show that in the Qin， Han and Sun Wu periods，the total number of people counted by the governments included private slaves. On the one hand， this is because private slaves have the status of human beings from the very beginning. On the other hand， it is because that the private slaves need to provide some tax and labor services to the state. From the Qin and Han dynasties to the Sui and Tang dynasties， although the social status of private slaves fluctuated， they had been considered as human， rather than changing from subhuman to human.

Key words： Private slaves; household registration; Qin slips; Wu slips

Title： A Study of the Sources of Manpower for Grand Constructions in the Ming Dynasty： A Financial System Transformation Perspective……………………………………………………………………/102

Author： Hu Chen， Lecturer， College of Humanities， Shanghai Normal University， Shanghai， 200233， China.

Abstract： The mid to late Ming Dynasty experienced a profound financial system transformation. An?examination of the labor resources changes for grand constructions shows that there were contradictions and problems in such a transformation. In the early period of the Ming Dynasty， Artisans， commoners， and military householders jointly provided corvée for the grand constructions， while the artisans played the main role. When the registered artisan system declined， the craftsmen in the army became the significant force and more and more soldiers were used in the grand constructions. In the mid and late Ming period， the size of the troops placed in the capital area reduced greatly while the great construction projects increased. A large number of artisans were hired and that led to huge financial expenses. A fierce debate between the Ministry of Construction and the Ministry of Military occurred concerning the expenses. The financial system transformation caused by the development of market economy increase the financial burden of the Ming Dynasty.

Key words： Ming Dynasty; great constructing; monetization of corvée; finance

Title： Food Business and Women's Self-identity in the Ming and Qing Dynasties Seen in Nüfan Jielu…………/114

Author： Xi Lifang， Lecturer， School of Humanities and Communication， Ningbo University， Ningbo， Zhejiang，315211， China.

Abstract： Lady Liu， a chaste widow in the late Ming period， explained the relationship between food and?women in Nüfan Jielu（《女范捷錄》）. She incorporated women who are good at doing food work at home into "wisdom chapter"， praising the wise womens ability of entertaining guests. She asserted that the children education should start from food and dietary activities. When food was considered as an educational medium， the significance of diet in formative education was highlighted and the role of women in children education was also emphasized. Within the traditional gender role framework， Lady Liu's Nüfan Jielu injected new meaning to women's household food work. Lady Liu's elaboration on food work provides a unique perspective for understanding women's self- identity in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Key words： Food; women's self-identity; Nüfan Jielu; fu zhu zhongkui; food education

Title： The Survival Strategy of the Qing Officials in Miasma Districts and the Governmental Policy…/125

Author： Fu Yongjie， Doctoral Candidate， School of History and Culture， Central China Normal University， Wuhan，Hubei， 430079， China.

Abstract： During the Qing Dynasty， many court appointed nonhereditary officials taken offices in the malaria?regions lost their lives because of the malaria. Since the Qianlong period， the court allowed these officials to stay seasonally in other places for survival as long as the corresponding governor-generals or governors gave tacit permission. The Qing government mistakenly believed that people born in malaria areas could resist malaria. Based on such a judgment， the court established a policy of appointing malaria region officials only from the natives of the five southern provinces. In addition， the court also provided some anti malaria medicines for the officials and relocated some governmental offices to reduce the malaria risk. After Qianlong period， the malaria resisting measure focused to improving food， clothing， housing， and transportation conditions.

Key words： Qing Dynasty; officials of miasma regions; avoiding miasma; survival

[Eastern Asian History and Culture]

Title： A Study of the Japanese Style Ocean Boat in the East Asian Seas during the Early Ming Period…/137

Author： Yin Minzhi， Post-Doctoral Researcher， National Institute for Advanced Humanistic Studies， Fudan University， Shanghai， 200433， China.

Abstract： On the back of Hanshu （《漢書》） collected in Seikado Bunko， there are some written official documents of the Zhejiang Province dated to the early years of the Hongwu era. According to these documents， in 1372， Quanzhou Wei（泉州衛(wèi)） reported activities of "Japanese tail boats" in the Zhejiang coast. In 1373， Taizhou Wei（臺州衛(wèi)） dismantled the captured Japanese boats to build new boats. According to The Veritable Records of Joseon Dynasty， the "Japanese tail boat" was built with thin wood board with a streamlined hull connected by nails and there was a tail on each side of the cabin， making it fast and stable， but with a short service life. As a stable device， the function of the tail is similar to the youding（游碇） and tuo （橐） equipped on the Song boats and the paishan（排柵） equipped on the Ming boats， or， the taiping lan（太平籃） on the Qing boats. In the East Asian seas during the early Ming period， three-tailed Japanese boats were considered powerful devices with certain technical advantages.

Key words： the Ming Dynasty; coastal guard; Japanese tail boat; boat building

Title： A Study of the Official Movable Type Produced in Jeongjo Period of Joseon………………………/144

Author： Yuan Cheng， Lecturer， Department of Basic Courses， Wuxi Institute of Technology， Wuxi， Jiangsu， 214121，China.

Abstract： Movable-type printing started in the late periods of Goguryeo Dynasty. In the later development，Korean people preferred metal movable type. In the period of Jeongjo（正祖） ， Joseon established administrative offices to operate the affairs of official printing， such as Naegak（內(nèi)閣）， Oegak（外閣） and Jujaso（鑄字所）. There five kinds of movable types were produced， namely， Imjimja（壬辰字）， Jeongyuja（丁酉字）， Iminja（壬寅字）， Saengsaengja（生生字）， and Jeonglija（整理字）. Imjimja， Jeongyuja， Iminja and Jeonglija are metal movable types. Saengsaengja is a wooden movable type. Benefited by the new movable types， the printing of books and the spread of knowledge were significantly developed.

Key words： Joseon Dynasty; Jeongjo; Jujaso; movable types

English Contents and Abstracts………….……………………………………………………………………/156

Messages from the Contributors………………………….………………….….….………………/cover page 2

Call for Papers…………….…………..….……………………………………….…..……….……/cover page 3