點(diǎn)擊科學(xué)

2023-04-28

哺乳動(dòng)物有各種各樣的形狀和大小，封面圖上展示了一些最不為人所知和最不尋常的動(dòng)物，從左上角順時(shí)針?lè)较蜷_(kāi)始分別是馬島長(zhǎng)尾貍貓、霍氏樹(shù)懶、馬島猬、白腹長(zhǎng)尾穿山甲和指猴。Zoonomia項(xiàng)目對(duì)240 多種哺乳動(dòng)物的基因組進(jìn)行了測(cè)序，為理解哺乳動(dòng)物的多樣性、進(jìn)化，以及人類本身鋪平了前進(jìn)的道路。

Mammals come in a widevariety of shapes and sizes， hererepresented by some of the leastwell known and most unusualcl o c k w i s e f r o m t o p l e f t ： afossa， a Hoffmanns two-toedsloth， a lesser hedgehog tenrec，t w o t r e e （ o r whi t e - b e l l i e d ）pangolins， and an aye-aye. TheZoonomia projects sequencingo f m o r e t h a n 2 4 0 m a m m a lgenomes is paving new roadsfor understanding mammaliand i v e r s i t y a n d e v o l u t i o n a n dourselves.

2023-05-05

免疫系統(tǒng)可以保護(hù)我們免于罹患癌癥和感染疾病，它是通過(guò)一系列調(diào)節(jié)過(guò)程進(jìn)行控制的強(qiáng)大武器。當(dāng)它們失敗時(shí)，免疫系統(tǒng)就會(huì)開(kāi)始攻擊宿主，這一過(guò)程被稱為自身免疫。本期特刊著重論述了我們對(duì)自身免疫性疾病和免疫耐受調(diào)節(jié)等研究的最新進(jìn)展。

The immune system protectsus from cancer and infection usinga powerful armamentarium thatis kept in check by an array ofregulatory processes. When theyfail， the immune system can startattacking the host in a processknown as autoimmunity. Thisspecial issue highlights recentadvances in our understandingof autoimmune diseases and theregulation of immune tolerance.

2023-05-12

封面圖上展示的是雙髻鯊，它們白天在海洋表面附近形成魚(yú)群，晚上潛入寒冷的深海捕食深海獵物。它們?cè)谏顫摃r(shí)會(huì)通過(guò)閉上魚(yú)鰓保持體溫——也就是有效地屏住呼吸。這種覓食策略與深潛海洋哺乳動(dòng)物使用的策略類似。

S c a l l o p e d h a m m e r h e a dsharks （Sphyrna lewini） formdaytime schools near the oceanssurface and， at night， dive intocold， deep waters to hunt deepseaprey. They keep warm whiled e e p d i v i n g b y c l o s i n g t h e i rgills—effectively holding theirbreath. This foraging strategyis similar to strategies used bydeep-diving marine mammals.

2023-05-19

在過(guò)去30 年里，世界上一半以上的大湖泊在逐漸縮小。究其根源，人類用水、氣候變暖及沉積是主要原因。封面圖中所展示的鮑威爾湖，其曾經(jīng)淹沒(méi)在水中的湖壁現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)變成了白色的地表，就是這種干涸趨勢(shì)的例證。世界上近四分之一的人口居住在湖泊逐漸干涸的盆地，這無(wú)疑突出了管理解決方案的重要性。

M o r e t h a n h a l f o ft h e w o r l d s l a r g e s t l a k e sh a v e d e c l i n e d o v e r t h e p a s tt h r e e d e c a d e s . Human w a t e rconsumption， warming climate，and sedimentation are largelyresponsible. Lake Powell， shownhere， with its once-submergedw a l l s t h a t n o w a p p e a r a swhitened surfaces， exemplifies thisdrying trend. Nearly one-quarterof the worlds population residesin a basin with a drying lake，which underscores the importanceof management solutions.

（陶 陶 編譯）