A Bond of Trust: Guides and Athletesat Paralympics信任的紐帶: 殘奧會(huì)上的領(lǐng)賽員和運(yùn)動(dòng)員

Intense races during the Paralympics Games reveal the “shadow heroes” who work with Paralympians， as guides play an important role in helping para-athletes reach their potential and battle for supremacy in sports.

Since the London 2012 Paralympics， guides have also received medals in certain events such as athletics and cycling.

殘奧會(huì)期間，激烈的比賽展現(xiàn)了與殘奧會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員一起比賽的“影子英雄”。作為領(lǐng)賽員，他們?cè)趲椭鷼垔W會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員發(fā)揮潛力和爭(zhēng)奪比賽優(yōu)勢(shì)方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。

自2012年倫敦殘奧會(huì)以來(lái)，領(lǐng)賽員在田徑和自行車(chē)等特定項(xiàng)目中獲得過(guò)獎(jiǎng)牌。

Para-cycling

殘奧會(huì)自行車(chē)比賽

Para-cycling has track and road events.

Athletes with limb impairments use a bicycle and para-cyclists who can only use their upper body use a handcycle， which as the name implies is paddled by hand. Athletes with cerebral palsy use a tricycle.

The two-wheeled tandem is used by athletes with a visual impairment， with a sighted guide riding in the front. Such a guide is called the “pilot”， and will make tactical decisions.

殘奧會(huì)自行車(chē)比賽分為場(chǎng)地自行車(chē)賽和公路自行車(chē)賽。

肢體殘疾的運(yùn)動(dòng)員使用兩輪自行車(chē)，下半身殘疾的運(yùn)動(dòng)員只能使用手動(dòng)自行車(chē)，顧名思義，手動(dòng)自行車(chē)是用手驅(qū)動(dòng)的。腦癱的運(yùn)動(dòng)員使用三輪車(chē)。

兩輪雙人自行車(chē)是視力受損的運(yùn)動(dòng)員使用的，由一名視力良好的領(lǐng)賽員在前面駕駛。這樣的領(lǐng)賽員被稱(chēng)為“領(lǐng)騎員”，負(fù)責(zé)制定戰(zhàn)術(shù)決策。

Para-swimming

殘奧會(huì)游泳比賽

Para-swimming features different levels based on the type and level of athletes impairment to ensure the competition is as fair as possible.

Swimmers can use different starting methods during the swimming events. For example， swimmers with a visual impairment can locate themselves in the pool by touching the lane rope with their body.

A guide in such event is known as a “tapper” because they tap the swimmers head or body with a tapping device to signal the start or finish of the race.

殘奧會(huì)游泳比賽會(huì)根據(jù)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的殘疾類(lèi)型和級(jí)別設(shè)置不同的等級(jí)，以確保比賽的公平性。

在游泳項(xiàng)目中，游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員可以使用不同的方法開(kāi)始比賽。例如，視力有障礙的游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員可以用身體觸碰泳道繩來(lái)定位自己在泳池中的位置。

在這類(lèi)比賽中，領(lǐng)賽員被稱(chēng)為“輕拍員”，因?yàn)樗麄冇幂p拍裝置輕拍游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員的頭部或身體，發(fā)出比賽開(kāi)始或結(jié)束的信號(hào)。

Para-athletics

殘奧會(huì)田徑比賽

Athletes with a visual impairment can compete with guide runners.

According to how much their impairment affects their performance， athletes are placed into different competition categories， consisting of a prefix “T” or “F” plus a number as T stands for “track” and F means “field” events.

T/F11， T/F12 and T/F13 are for visually impaired athletes. T11 means total visual impairment and T12 implies low vision.

“Sport Class T11 athletes run with the guide and Sport Class T12 competitors can choose whether to run with a guide runner or alone，” noted the Olympics.com.

Runners and their guide runners stay together by holding onto a rope and running side by side.

Safety always comes first and guide runners can verbally communicate information about the course， times and surroundings in guiding the athlete to the finish line.

Leading the runner or crossing the finish line ahead of the runner results in disqualification， according to the rules.

視力受損的運(yùn)動(dòng)員可以與領(lǐng)跑員一起參加比賽。

根據(jù)殘疾對(duì)成績(jī)的影響程度，運(yùn)動(dòng)員被分為不同的比賽類(lèi)別，分別由綴“T”或“F”加上一個(gè)數(shù)字組成，T代表“徑賽”項(xiàng)目，F(xiàn)代表“田賽”項(xiàng)目。

T/F11、T/F12、T/F13為視障運(yùn)動(dòng)員專(zhuān)用。T11表示視力完全受損，T12表示視力低下。

奧林匹克網(wǎng)指出：“運(yùn)動(dòng)級(jí)別T11的運(yùn)動(dòng)員帶著領(lǐng)跑員參賽，運(yùn)動(dòng)級(jí)別T12的運(yùn)動(dòng)員可以選擇帶著領(lǐng)跑員參賽或獨(dú)自參賽?！?/p>

運(yùn)動(dòng)員和他們的領(lǐng)跑員抓住一根繩子，一起并肩跑。

安全永遠(yuǎn)是第一位的，在引導(dǎo)運(yùn)動(dòng)員到達(dá)終點(diǎn)的過(guò)程中，領(lǐng)跑員可以口頭傳達(dá)路線、時(shí)間、周?chē)h(huán)境等信息。

比賽規(guī)則規(guī)定：領(lǐng)跑員若領(lǐng)先運(yùn)動(dòng)員或先于運(yùn)動(dòng)員越過(guò)終點(diǎn)線將被取消參賽資格。