數(shù)字設(shè)計(jì)磚房

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：Piercy&Company 與建筑材料實(shí)驗(yàn)室（MAL）| 地點(diǎn)：英國 | 攝影：NAARO,Guan Lee

Design Company: Piercy&Company and Material Architecture Lab (MAL) | Location: United Kingdom | Photo credits: NAARO,Guan Lee

倫敦大學(xué)巴特萊特建筑學(xué)院建筑材料實(shí)驗(yàn)室（MAL）與位于倫敦的Piercy&Company 建筑工作室正在攜手合作展開研究。其第一個(gè)項(xiàng)目是實(shí)驗(yàn)性的數(shù)字設(shè)計(jì)磚房——Code-Bothy。該合作項(xiàng)目稱為“創(chuàng)造與實(shí)踐”，它融合了數(shù)字制造技術(shù)與材料實(shí)驗(yàn)方面的專業(yè)知識(shí)。

該項(xiàng)目通過將研究主題以全尺寸結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)，旨在發(fā)掘工藝、設(shè)計(jì)與建筑領(lǐng)域方面的新應(yīng)用，并為業(yè)界提供概念證明。這一合作為兩名剛從巴特萊特建筑學(xué)院畢業(yè)的學(xué)生提供了為期兩個(gè)月的工作機(jī)會(huì)，崗位分別在建筑材料實(shí)驗(yàn)室和Piercy&Company 建筑工作室。

傳統(tǒng)小屋（荒僻地區(qū)的基本住所）呈現(xiàn)出原初的幾何構(gòu)型，但是，Code-Bothy 利用參數(shù)建模，生成了具有復(fù)雜錯(cuò)縫磚砌結(jié)構(gòu)的曲線構(gòu)型。它建在白金漢郡的Grymsdyke 農(nóng)場(chǎng)上，磚瓦工人佩戴著顯示3D 模型信息的增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)（AR）頭戴設(shè)備。磚瓦工人的操作常常有悖于直覺，成功建起了這種有意復(fù)雜的構(gòu)型。研究的相關(guān)性的關(guān)鍵在于數(shù)字/人工的聯(lián)系：在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)使用增強(qiáng)功能（AR）頭戴設(shè)備，可在實(shí)踐中實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)雜的參數(shù)與數(shù)字設(shè)計(jì)；這種設(shè)計(jì)已進(jìn)行了模型結(jié)構(gòu)測(cè)試，但在磚瓦工人看來似乎不合情理。利用參數(shù)化建模減少材料浪費(fèi)、盡量減少材料的超量使用、并讓結(jié)構(gòu)盡可能精簡(jiǎn)高效，借此，學(xué)術(shù)及實(shí)踐方面正在取得進(jìn)步。Code-Bothy 表明了此類進(jìn)步是如何利用建筑人力的已有技能，在實(shí)際施工環(huán)境中相對(duì)便捷地應(yīng)用的。

在美觀、形式趣味和紋理之樂的驅(qū)動(dòng)下，Code-Bothy的靈感來自于對(duì)可持續(xù)磚砌建筑的新的表達(dá)方式的追求。Code-Bothy 磚砌的角度逐漸旋轉(zhuǎn)，形成復(fù)雜而美觀的圖案，激發(fā)了樸素磚墻的美學(xué)新價(jià)值。人們?cè)诳沙掷m(xù)建筑中能獲得快樂和愉悅。Code-Bothy 展示了一個(gè)（積極樂觀的）愿景：即參數(shù)化與增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)（AR）的數(shù)字工具可提升磚瓦工人的技能、細(xì)微判斷以及把握時(shí)機(jī)的能力。正是數(shù)字與人工的結(jié)合，使得構(gòu)型的可能性、材料使用減少、以及磚砌建筑的可視化表達(dá)都得到擴(kuò)展。

Code-Bothy is an experimental digitally-designed brick shelter and the first project borne from an ongoing research partnership between Material Architecture Lab (MAL) at The t and London-based architecture studio,Piercy&Company.Called ‘Making and Practice’,the partnership brings together expertise in digital fabrication techniques and material experimentation.

It aims to find new applications in craft,design and architecture and provide proof of concept to industry by realising research subjects as full-size structures.The partnership provides two-month placements to two recent graduate students from The Bartlett,divided between MAL and Piercy&Company.Whereas rudimentary geometries form a traditional bothy (a basic shelter in remote areas),Code-Bothy uses parametric modelling to generate a curved form with a complex offset brick structure.Built on-site at Grymsdyke Farm in Buckinghamshire,the bricklayer wore an AR (augmented reality) headset displaying information from the 3D model.The bricklayer,often working against intuition,successfully constructed the intentionally complex form.The digital/manual connection lies at the heart of the research’s relevance: the use of the AR headset on-site enabled the practical realisation of the complex parametric and digital design,a design that had been structurally tested in the model but seemed implausible to the bricklayer.Advances are being made across academia and practice using parametric modelling to reduce wasted materials,minimise material overuse,and push structures to be as efficient and lean as possible.Code-Bothy demonstrates how these advances can be relatively simply applied in a real construction environment using the existing skills of the construction labour force.

Code-Bothy was motivated by the search for a new language for sustainable brick architecture -driven by beauty,formal playfulness and textural delight.The gradually rotating angles of the brickwork for Code-Bothy create a complex and beautiful pattern,prompting an aesthetic reassessment of the humble brick.There is joy and delight to be found in sustainable architecture.Code-Bothy proposes an (optimistic) vision: one where the bricklayer’s skills,fine judgement,and timing are enhanced by the digital tools of parametrics and AR.It is the combination of the digital and manual that the structural possibilities,material use reduction and visual language of brick architecture are expanded.