肢體語(yǔ)言，獨(dú)特的魅力

本刊試題研究中心

第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

Positive body language supports your points,helps you convey ideas more clearly,and avoids sending mixed messages.

Here are some basic postures that you can adopt to show self-confidence and openness.

Body language for a good first impression

Have an open posture.Be relaxed but don't slouch（耷拉）!Sit or stand upright and place your hands by your sides.

Use a firm handshake.But don't get carried away!You don't want it to become awkward,aggressive,or painful for the other person.

Maintain good eye contact.Try to hold the other person's gaze for a few seconds at a time.This will show them that you're sincere and engaged.

Avoid touching your face.If you do while answering questions,it can be seen as a sign of dishonesty.

Body language examples for effective public speaking

Positive body language can help you to engage people,mask any presentation nerves（緊張）,and show confidence when you speak in public.Here are a few tips to help you do this：

Have a positive posture.Sit or stand upright,with your shoulders back and your arms unfolded by your sides or in front of you.

Keep your head up.Your head should be upright and level.Leaning too far forward or backwards can make you look aggressive or arrogant（傲慢的）.

Practice and perfect your posture.Stand in a relaxed manner,with your weight evenly distributed.Keep one foot slightly in front of the other to help hold your posture.

Use open hand gestures.Spread your hands apart,in front of you,with your palms facing slightly towards your audience.This indicates a willingness to communicate and share ideas.

1.What body language can be regarded as being dishonest?

A.Having an open posture.B.Using a firm handshake.

C.Maintaining good eye contact.D.Touching your face.

2.What does the underlined word“mask”probably mean?

A.Wear.B.Hide.C.Prevent.D.Show.

3.How can you make public speaking effective?

A.By sitting with arms folded.B.By leaning your head forward.

C.By standing in an easy manner.D.By spreading your arms apart.

B

Teachers are having lessons in how to read children's body language and change their own to deal with bad behavior in the classroom.Thousands have been trained to watch pupils'gestures,mannerisms,facial expressions and speech to know what they are thinking and how they feel.They are encouraged to copy a child's gestures to give the child a message that the teacher understands him or her.

For example,if a child is talking with his left hand touching his chin（下巴）,teachers should stand and hold their left hand to touch their chin.Teachers are also taught to avoid“closed”signals such as folded arms or standing behind a desk.The training is part of a set of exercises called neuronlinguistic programming（NLP）which is designed to improve communication and patterns of behavior.

NLP was developed in the 1970s at the University of California in the US.Currently,its methods have been employed in a variety of fields,including sales and marketing.In the UK,at least 50 companies now offer courses in NLP,many aimed at teachers.More than 1,200 teachers in England have received training in NLP.Hundreds of schools also pay thousands of pounds for the training.

Supporters of the application of the technology to teaching pupils claim it is a new way to deal with poor behavior in the classroom.In their eyes,since matching body languagemeans looking at the world through the young persons'eyes,it can improve children's behavior in the classroom and motivate them to learn.

However,critics say that NLP is simply an educational fashion that is actually destroying teachers'good teaching.Frank,a sociology professor at the University of Kent,says,“What NLP means is that teachers must learn to get cues（暗示）from children,which is the opposite of what students get from teachers.Every few years there's a big idea that becomes the theme in education.They are tricks and will be replaced with the next big thing.”

4.What is the purpose of teacher training according to paragraph 1?

A.To learn how to please the students.

B.To teach them how to control students.

C.To improve their classroom management.

D.To make their later classes more enjoyable.

5.What ability is important when teachers use NLP in teaching?

A.Imitation.B.Survey.C.Analysis.D.Judgment.

6.What does Frank think of the use of NLP in education?

A.It is like going against the tide.

B.It has an impact on respect for teachers.

C.It will be washed out by the tide of the times.

D.It is the same as going the old way with new shoes.

7.What is the author's attitude to the use of NLP in education?

A.Concerned.B.Supportive.C.Unclear.D.Objective.

C

I met Ariep on an island in the South Pacific nation of Vanuatu.Being the last fluent Naati speaker in the area,he sadly expressed his fear that,with his death,the language would disappear.

Naati is just an example of dying languages.Today,50% to 90% of the world's languages are considered to be at risk of falling out of use by the end of the century.

Over the last 10 years,this has attracted more public attention.While we praised the efforts made to protect dying languages native to certain places and spoken by local people,let's stop and ask:Why does it matter?

Should Naati's future matter to the world?Many speakers of dying languages,including Ariep,communicate fluently in other languages.Is the hope of“saving”these small languages just a romantic idea of unrealistic experts?

As a linguist(語(yǔ)言學(xué)家),I'm on the opposite side of those answering“yes”.I understand how pressing and serious language loss is.Communities depend on languages to form culture and identity,and for the world,languages are an invaluable source of information about human cognition(認(rèn)知).

If a language is lost,its community culture will disappear.For instance,people who speak Lulamogi in Uganda feel anxious because as people forget the terms describing ways of catching and eating white ants,they will also forget this important cultural practice.

Language loss also means a loss of community identity and self-determination.Measuring their damage is hard,but the loss certainly harms the well-being of community members.By contrast,the ability of community members to speak their local language together improves well-being.In British Columbia,research has shown that the young generations in communities where at least 50% of the people speak the native language tend to have a stronger sense of well-being.

When a language is disappearing,more is lost than just certain bits of information.Understanding language is important to understanding human cognition.Every language provides us with a tool for finding out how language works in our mind,without which we are prevented from seeing the full picture.

8.Why is Naati mentioned in paragraph 1?

A.To lead in the topic.B.To sum up the main idea.

C.To tell a story.D.To put forward a question.

9.What does the underlined word“it”in paragraph 3 refer to?

A.Ariep's fear.B.Naati's future.

C.Public worry over the problem.D.Protecting dying languages.

10.What do the last three paragraphs mainly talk about over language loss?

A.Its examples.B.Its reasons.

C.Its influence.D.Its development.

11.What's the author's attitude towards saving dying languages?

A.Doubtful.B.Supportive.C.Unclear.D.Worried.

D

Every day we experience one of the wonders of the world around us without even realizing it.It is not the amazing complexity of television,nor the impressive technology of transport.The universal wonder we share and experience is our ability to make noises with our mouths,and transmit ideas and thoughts to each other's minds.This ability comes so naturally that we tend to forget what a miracle(奇跡)it is.

Obviously,the ability to talk is something that marks humans off from animals.Of course,some animals have powers just as amazing.Birds can fly thousands of miles by observing the positions of the stars in the sky in relation to the time of day and year.In Nature's talent show,humans are a species of animal that have developed their own special act.If we reduce it to basic terms,it's an ability to communicate information to others by varying sounds we make as we breathe out.

We also have other powers of communication.Our facial expressions convey our emotions,such as anger,or joy,or disappointment.The way we hold our heads can indicate to others whether we are happy or sad.This is so-called“body language”.Bristling(直立的)fur is an unmistakable warning of attack among many animals.Similarly,the bowed head or drooping tail shows a readiness to take second place in any animal gathering.

Such a means of communication is a basic mechanism that animals,including human beings,instinctively acquire and display.Is the ability to speak just another sort of instinct?If so,how did human beings acquire this amazing skill?Biologists can readily indicate that particular area of our brain where speech mechanisms function,but this doesn't tell us how that part of our bodies originated in our biological history.

12.According to the text,the wonder we take for granted is.

A.the miracle of technology

B.our ability to use language

C.our ability to make noises

D.the amazing power of Nature

13.What can be inferred from paragraph 3?

A.Body language is unique to humans.

B.Animals express emotions just as humans do.

C.Humans have other powers of communication.

D.Humans are no different than animals to some degree.

14.What feature of“body language”is common to both humans and animals?

A.Lifting heads when sad.

B.Keeping long faces when angry.

C.Making hair bristle when ready to attack.

D.Bowing heads when willing to obey.

15.What's the text mainly about?

A.The special role humans play in Nature.

B.The development of body language.

C.The power to convey information to others.

D.The difference between humans and animals.

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

We may think that communication is as simple as our words.This is not the case.The fact is that we give far more information than what we say.16 Part of what completes the message is our body language.How can we use our body language to communicate more effectively?

17 Our emotions and thoughts are expressed through our body language.If we want to communicate better with others,consider imitating their body language.This is not imitating someone else like a baby but expressing empathy through our body language.This can help our messages be received more easily by others.

Let people see our hands.18 When people can't see our hands,they wonder if we are hiding something.Our hands are part of our communication repertoire（全部本領(lǐng)）,so use them and avoid any negatives that might come from hiding them from others.

Slow down.19 Slow down our speech,and slow down our gestures and movements.Although speed can transfer energy,our body language can show anxiety,tension and even dishonesty.Take a deep breath and slow down just a bit.

We all can work on these things above.But the receiver of our message is the judge.Their perception（感知）of our body language rules the day.When we apply the ideas above,we will increase the chances that their perception is positive.20

A.Be a mirror.

B.Words alone aren't enough.

C.Use encouraging body language.

D.We all use them to communicate.

E.Some of us rush our communication.

F.Words are the most effective form of communication.

G.If so,better communication and relationships will follow.

第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

There's being a good neighbor,and then there's going the extra mile.And in one Massachusetts neighborhood,the neighbors are pulling out all the stops.

Two years ago,about a 21 after Samantha was born,Glenda and Raphael Savitz learned their daughter was 22.“She was the first deaf person my husband and I had known,”Glenda,33,toldThe Boston Globe.“So it's a surprise.23 I think I'm someone who's like:OK.What do we do?She's a week old.We're going to be learning sign language.There is no 24 that it is going to be important to her development and her 25.”

But the Savitz family weren't the only ones who learned how to sign.Over 20 residents of their neighborhood in the town of Newton were 26 learning sign language.The residents 27 an instructor on their own and regularly gathered together in a living room to learn the language.The neighbors'desire to learn to communicate with Samantha was something that the Savitz family found extremely 28.

“One of the most emotional issues of her is that I really learn about how much 29 and how much love there is here,”Glenda said.“People are 30 so much time and energy to learn a(n)31 language because they're dying to 32 my little girl.I don't have 33 for that.”

Baby Samantha already has friends all over the neighborhood.Henry Marshall,a 19-year-old Harvard freshman,toldThe Boston Globethat Samantha 34 with her childsize basketball hoop as he shoots hoops on his adult-size one.While he plays,she copies his movements and 35 the words for“play”and“friend”.

“It's a special neighborhood,”Raphael Savitz toldThe Boston Globe.“It's just a really welcoming place.”

第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

You may not even realize it,but your body is communicating all the time.Whether you 36._______(cross)your arms,pointing in a certain direction,or even looking from side to side,your body is telling others something about how you are feeling and what you are doing.The 37._______(amaze)thing is that humans have been developing this behavior over 38._______(thousand)of years！

Nowadays,when we talk about body language,we often think of it as a way 39.________

(express)how we feel about another person.40._______,it has a more primitive（原始的）purpose.For example,a heavily 41._______(flush)face can show that a person is overheated,which could mean heat.Our emotions,such as fear,also show up on our faces,42._________helps remind others of our problems.

Body language can also be 43._______(extreme)useful in social situations.One of the first things a person who has to speak publicly learns is that audiences automaticallyreads body language and will adjust their responses accordingly.For example,if your arms are crossed,it can seem 44._______others as if you are cutting 45._______(you)off from them,which may make them not want to trust you or open up to you.

第三部分寫(xiě)作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

第一節(jié)（滿分15分）

假定你是李華，你所在的班級(jí)將舉行一場(chǎng)以“Body language”為主題的演講比賽。請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)一份演講稿，要點(diǎn)如下：

1.肢體語(yǔ)言的重要性；

2.如何做一個(gè)有效的溝通者。注意：

1.詞數(shù)80左右；

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。Good morning,boys and girls,

That's all.Thank you for listening.

第二節(jié)（滿分25分）

閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

I searched around in my backpack,searching for my cellphone.I was tired of Aunt Letty talking on and on about her chickens,horses,and cows.Worse,I was afraid of having to spend my spring break on Aunt Letty's farm.

Although I had protested,my parents decided that spending time on the farm would be a great experience for me.My parents grew up on a farm and believed that responsibility,hard work,and respect for the land were valuable lessons.“Lessons you need to learn,Son,”they said.

“So,have you ever ridden a horse?”Aunt Letty asked,trying to turn my attention away from my phone.

“Hmmm,no.But I've seen horses on TV,”I answered.

“Well,we've got a nice horse I think you'll like.Hercules—it sounds like a beast,but he's a gentle giant.The other animals have names too,but don't worry.You won't have to remember their names.If you show up at the gate with feed,they will be happy!”she said smiling.

I glanced at my aunt,angry that I was expected to work.Vacations were meant for sleeping late,playing video games,and maybe skateboarding.I tried to text a friend.

“Phones don't work well out here.With all the hills and valleys,it's hard to get a connection.”

I continued texting,but Aunt Letty was right—there was no cell reception.

The next few days were busy.The crow of the roosters woke us up,and we had breakfast before dawn.Then we went out to the barn to get the feed while the animals waited to be fed.The afternoons were filled with hauling（搬運(yùn)）hay,clean-up,and caring for the animals.The animals depended on Aunt Letty,but they also provided her with affection and necessities such as eggs,milk,and cheese.

At dusk,when the farm was finally quiet,Aunt Letty stretched her arms out and said,“Just take a deep breath of that sweet country air!”I,exhausted from her chores(雜活),was unable to appreciate my work.

注意：續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。

Paragraph 1:

On the fourth day,without warning,Aunt Letty announced,“It's time to meet Hercules.”

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2:

Without speaking,Aunt Letty held her hand open for me to take._____________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________