堅持開拓中的同濟風(fēng)景園林

風(fēng)景園林（Landscape Architecture，簡稱LA）作為一門具有特定內(nèi)涵的獨立學(xué)科，一般被認為由弗雷德里克·勞·奧姆斯特德（F.L.Olmsted, Jr.）與舒克利夫（A.A.Sharcliff）首開于1900年的美國哈佛大學(xué)。學(xué)科建立之初，知識基礎(chǔ)已涉及空間規(guī)劃、景觀藝術(shù)、植物栽培、土建工程、氣象學(xué)等多個學(xué)科。在中國，自1951年，由梁思成先生、吳良鏞先生和汪菊淵先生共同發(fā)起，建立第一個風(fēng)景園林專業(yè)至今，國內(nèi)風(fēng)景園林學(xué)科已經(jīng)歷了幾十年的風(fēng)風(fēng)雨雨。進入21世紀(jì)，在新一輪的科技革命和產(chǎn)業(yè)變革背景下，歷史進程正賦予風(fēng)景園林更新更重的任務(wù)?，F(xiàn)代風(fēng)景園林作為現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)支撐下的服務(wù)于意識形態(tài)的綜合性、交叉性、實踐類學(xué)科，已然不是傳統(tǒng)意義上的風(fēng)景園林，其內(nèi)涵和外延處于不斷更新拓展中。伴隨著意識形態(tài)變化的以問題為導(dǎo)向的風(fēng)景園林，在學(xué)科、行業(yè)和實踐中，筆者認為，需要解決的問題無外乎4大類：科學(xué)問題、技術(shù)問題、工程問題及管控問題，而風(fēng)景園林學(xué)科專業(yè)教育的目的，就在于主動服務(wù)國家戰(zhàn)略和解決人民需求問題，并輸送高水平的風(fēng)景園林專業(yè)人才。

2022年，恰逢同濟大學(xué)建筑與城市規(guī)劃學(xué)院建院70周年，也迎來了同濟大學(xué)風(fēng)景園林學(xué)科發(fā)展的70周年。本期專題聚焦同濟大學(xué)風(fēng)景園林70年的發(fā)展歷程，結(jié)合對國內(nèi)不同高校風(fēng)景園林專業(yè)教育改革與創(chuàng)新的探討，以映射現(xiàn)代中國風(fēng)景園林之路。同濟大學(xué)是中國較早招收風(fēng)景園林本科生、碩士生、博士生的教育機構(gòu)之一，其風(fēng)景園林學(xué)科自1952年設(shè)立至今，始終走在學(xué)科創(chuàng)新與專業(yè)教育發(fā)展的前列。在建筑學(xué)與風(fēng)景園林學(xué)專家馮紀(jì)忠教授、陳從周教授等前輩學(xué)者的倡導(dǎo)下，同濟風(fēng)景園林學(xué)科蓬勃發(fā)展，與建筑、城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃學(xué)科共同組成了“三位一體”學(xué)科發(fā)展架構(gòu)，形成了以工學(xué)為優(yōu)勢與特色的復(fù)合型教學(xué)、科研、實踐平臺。同濟風(fēng)景園林的70年，始終圍繞城市園林綠化與城市生態(tài)規(guī)劃、風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)與美麗鄉(xiāng)村規(guī)劃、城市公共空間設(shè)計等國家需求，為中國現(xiàn)代風(fēng)景園林學(xué)學(xué)科從無到有、發(fā)展繁榮、學(xué)科體系構(gòu)建，以及本碩博專業(yè)教育體系化建構(gòu)，做出了公認的開拓性探索與貢獻，為風(fēng)景園林成為一級學(xué)科發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用。同濟風(fēng)景園林學(xué)科積極發(fā)揮智庫作用，在國家公園和文化景觀保護、國土空間生態(tài)規(guī)劃與地方性規(guī)劃設(shè)計、社區(qū)創(chuàng)新治理等領(lǐng)域，以及諸多規(guī)劃設(shè)計項目實踐中，成績斐然、可圈可點，有力支撐了“生態(tài)文明”“美麗中國”建設(shè)。

2017年2月以來，國家教育部積極推進新工科建設(shè)，發(fā)布了《關(guān)于開展新工科研究與實踐的通知》《關(guān)于推薦新工科研究與實踐項目的通知》等文件，全力探索形成領(lǐng)跑全球工程教育的中國模式與中國經(jīng)驗，以助力高等教育強國建設(shè)。當(dāng)下風(fēng)景園林學(xué)科建設(shè)也需要改革，這是由發(fā)展需求倒逼所致，作為人居環(huán)境科學(xué)的三大支柱之一，風(fēng)景園林學(xué)科的特質(zhì)決定了其以解決現(xiàn)實問題與滿足需求為主要導(dǎo)向，在建設(shè)生態(tài)文明、美麗中國的國家意識形態(tài)指引下，切實尋求立足于風(fēng)景園林學(xué)科內(nèi)核的理論原理、關(guān)鍵技術(shù)及可持續(xù)管控方法的創(chuàng)新研發(fā)，這才是風(fēng)景園林學(xué)科專業(yè)生存發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。相信同濟風(fēng)景園林，作為中國風(fēng)景園林學(xué)科教育與實踐探索的一面旗幟，繼續(xù)引領(lǐng)傳承創(chuàng)新，一定能將中國風(fēng)景園林教育水平推向新的高度，形成具有世界一流、中國特色的風(fēng)景園林專業(yè)教育典范。

主編

2022年8月15日

Persist in Developing Tongji Landscape Architecture

Landscape Architecture ( LA ), as an independent discipline with specific connotations, is generally considered to be initiated by F.L.Olmsted.Jr.and A.A.Sharcliff.in 1900 at Harvard University in the United States.At the beginning of the discipline’s establishment, the knowledge base has already covered many disciplines such as spatial planning, landscape art, plant cultivation, civil engineering, and meteorology;In 1951, Mr.Liang Sicheng, Mr.Wu liangyong and Mr.Wang juyuan jointly initiated and established the first Landscape Architecture major in China.So far, the domestic Landscape Architecture discipline has experienced several decades of ups and downs.In the 21st century, under the background of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, landscape architecture is being given a heavier task in the historical process.Modern landscape architecture, as a comprehensive, intersecting and practical discipline that serves ideology under the support of science and technology, is no longer the traditional landscape architecture,and its connotation and extension are constantly updated and expanded.With the change of ideology, the problem-oriented landscape architecture needs to solve 4 categories of problems in the discipline, industry and practice: scientific problems,technical problems, engineering problems and management and control problems.The purpose of the professional education of Landscape Architecture is to actively serve the national strategy, solve the problem of people, and output high-level landscape architecture professionals for the society.

The year 2022 coincides with the 70th anniversary of the establishment of the College of Architecture & Urban Planning of Tongji University, and also ushers in the 70th anniversary of the development of the Landscape Architecture discipline of Tongji University.This issue focuses on the 70-year development history of Landscape Architecture in Tongji University, combined with the discussion on the reform and innovation of Landscape Architecture education in different domestic universities,to map the road of modern Chinese Landscape Architecture.Tongji University is one of the earliest educational institutions in China to recruit undergraduates, postgraduates and doctoral students in Landscape Architecture.Since its establishment in 1952, the Landscape Architecture discipline has always been at the forefront of discipline innovation and professional education development.Under the initiative of senior scholars such as professors Feng Jizhong and Chen Congzhou, the discipline of Landscape Architecture in Tongji has flourished, and has formed a “trinity” discipline development framework.It is also a composite teaching and scientific research entity with advantage of engineering.In the past 70 years, Tongji Landscape Architecture has always focused on the national needs of urban greening and urban ecological planning, scenic spots and beautiful rural planning, urban public space design.It has made recognized pioneering contributions to the development and prosperity of modern Chinese Landscape Architecture, the construction of the discipline system,and the systematic construction of the undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral professional education, and also played a key role in making Landscape Architecture a first-class discipline.Tongji Landscape Architecture has made remarkable achievements in the fields of national park and cultural landscape protection, ecological planning and local planning and design of national land and space, community innovation governance, as well as in many planning and design projects, which has effectively supported the construction of “Ecological Civilization” and “Beautiful China”.

Since February 2017, the Ministry of Education of the people’s Republic of China has actively promoted the construction of new engineering disciplines, and issued documents such astheNoticeonLaunchingtheResearchandPracticeof NewEngineeringCoursesandtheNoticeonRecommendingResearchandPractice ProjectsofNewEngineeringCourses, to fully explore the formation of a Chinese model and Chinese experience leading the global engineering education, so as to help the construction of a strong country in higher education.The current Landscape Architecture discipline construction also needs to be reformed.Sometimes, the reform is forced by the development demand.As one of the three pillars of human settlements science, the characteristics of Landscape Architecture determine that it is oriented to solve practical problems and meet needs.Guided by the national ideology of building ecological civilization and beautiful China, it is the basis for the survival and development of the Landscape Architecture discipline to earnestly seek the innovative research and development of the theoretical principles, key technologies and sustainable management and control methods.Tongji Landscape Architecture, as a banner of Chinese Landscape Architecture discipline education and practical exploration,should be inherited and innovated to promote the Chinese Landscape Architecture education level to a new height, and form a world-class Landscape Architecture professional education model with Chinese characteristics.

Editor-in-Chief

August 15th, 2022