孟慧慧
《考試說明》中第五檔的評分標準中有這樣的要求“盡力使用較復雜結構”,這樣的要求表明,高考英語書面表達題對考生的英語應用能力提出了更高層次的要求。結合多年教學和高考評卷經(jīng)驗,本文從三個方面探究了書面表達題得高分的技巧。
技巧一:巧用非謂語結構
非謂語結構包括動詞不定式、動詞的過去分詞、動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞三種結構。在寫作時,可用動詞不定式作結果狀語,可用動詞的過去分詞作條件狀語、原因狀語、時間狀語,可用動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語、原因狀語、結果狀語。非謂語結構在英語寫作中的正確應用,能使英語句式更加高級,能使英語作文更地道,為所寫英語作文增加亮點。
例1 :Anxiously,Mike used three methods to solve the last math problem in the math exam,only to find that none of them was suitable.(動詞不定式作結果狀語)
例2 :Because the boy is encouraged by what his mentor said,he worked harder to explore the living hab-its of that kind of insects.
—>Encouraged by what his mentor said,the boy worked harder to explore the living habits of that kind of insects.(過去分詞作原因狀語)
技巧二:巧用倒裝結構
倒裝結構也屬于高級語法結構之一,同時也是增加作文得分亮點的方法。倒裝結構的應用可使考生所寫的文章更富有節(jié)奏感、重點內(nèi)容更加突出??忌鷳攸c掌握和學會應用下列倒裝結構:so... that引導的句式中so開頭的半倒裝句;表地點的介詞短語置于句首引起的倒裝句;“only+狀語”置于句首引起的倒裝句;as引導狀語從句時;形容詞、名詞等置于句首引起的倒裝結構。
例3:As we were exhausted,we were still lively and talkative after a wonderful and interesting activity.
—Exhausted as we were,we were still lively and talkative after a wonderful and interesting activity.
例4:Tom's mentor spoke so deeply that he couldn't fully understand his mentor's meaning.
—So deeply did Tom's mentor speak that he couldn't understand his mentor's meaning.
技巧三:巧用復合句式
復合句可使文意表達得更加完整和清晰。復合句式結構主要有名詞性從句、狀語從句、定語從句。此三種從句是考生的薄弱點,但是在寫作中如能熟練正確使用,可體現(xiàn)出考生較強的語言綜合應用能力。第五檔評分標準中明確表示,考生為了使用“較復雜結構”,即使出現(xiàn)了“些許錯誤”,也不影響作文得到第五檔的得分。
例5:What Jack's half sisters said(主語從句)sug-gested that his sisters' mother cared little about Jack's trouble(賓語從句),even if Jack asked his stepmother for help(狀語從句).
例6:The reason why we live in the city(定語從句)is that city life is not only more convenient,but also more new things are happening(表語從句).
總之,在寫作訓練中,學生應多應用倒裝結構、非謂語結構、復合句式結構仿寫或改寫經(jīng)典例句,并結合寫作主題多練習,才能抓住要點,寫出有亮點的語句,從而使所寫出的文章能夠脫穎而出,獲得閱卷老師的青睞。