王紅
聽力測試主要考查學生的信息捕捉能力、語篇理解能力和邏輯推理能力等。由于時間有限、聽力素材涉及的范圍廣、干擾因素較多,以及學生解題技巧缺乏等問題,導致學生在聽力測試中很難獲得高分。主旨大意題是聽力題中常考的一類,也是學生易失分的一個類型。因此,教師要積極引導學生掌握相應的解題思路和方法。下面,筆者從兩個方面出發(fā),詳細談談。
一、引導學生通過捕捉主題句歸納主旨大意
教師要引導學生在解答主旨大意類聽力題時,注重三個方面:第一是要迅速捕捉能概括整個對話或者獨白中心思想的句子;第二是要善于總結(jié)獨白或?qū)υ挼拇笠?第三是要通過對話了解講話人的目的。因此,教師首先要引導學生找到主題句,以便更快地歸納材料的大意。
以以下的主旨大意類聽力獨白材料為例:
材料:The GCSE exam is a birth exam designed for students around the age of 16. But recent research and conclusions from Durham University have confirmed the doubts in the minds of parents and related! staff,confirming the official claim that GCSE exams are easier to start than others,and that each subject is equally difficult.
What does the report mainly tell us about GCSEs?
A. Most students do not avoid difficult questions.
B. The subject difficulty of each exam is the same.
C. Some subjects are more difficult to test than others.
D. An important factor in national development as a student.
在這一篇獨白內(nèi)容中,最為關鍵的主旨句就是“GCSEs are easier to start than others”,然后再結(jié)合該題的選項內(nèi)容以及這一個主旨句,就能快速推斷出正確答案就是C選項的“Some subjects are more difficult to test than others.”表述不同但意思一致。
二、引導學生通過總結(jié)歸納主旨大意
在有些難度較大的聽力題中,由于時間相對較短,聽力材料的內(nèi)容比較復雜,學生很難在短時間里快速作出選擇,也難以在這些復雜的內(nèi)容中準確地抓取到主題句。因此,在教學實踐中,教師還要引導學生善于從零碎內(nèi)容中去進行總結(jié),根據(jù)零碎的信息推測聽力素材的主旨大意。
以以下的主旨大意類聽力獨白材料為例:
材料:That's why we bought this company. After several years of joint efforts,our company has made prog-ress since three years ago. Since then,each of us has done well. In the past year,we have hired four new peo-ple in total,and this year we have added ten new partners.
Q:What did we learn from this story?
A. The company loses clothing.
B. Why a company went out of business.
C. How this company went from bad to bad.
D. How the company can get out of trouble.
本題是一個典型的主旨大意題,考查的是學生對整個獨白內(nèi)容的掌握情況,那么教師就要在學生解題的過程中引導其能夠根據(jù)獨白中零零碎碎的內(nèi)容拼湊出一個主旨句,也就是要能夠弄清楚對白中講述的核心內(nèi)容是什么。在以上的這個獨白內(nèi)容中,結(jié)合開頭的句子“That's why we bought this company”,以及“made progress”“done well”等,就能夠推斷出文章主要講述的是一些人在買下了一個公司,并且通過努力走出困境的內(nèi)容,借此就能夠推斷出答案的內(nèi)容就是D選項。
因此,在針對高中英語主旨大意類聽力題時,教師要能夠結(jié)合題目的特點,引導學生用正確的方式解題,提高學生解題的準確性。