BLOX綜合體 丹麥哥本哈根

項(xiàng)目狀況：2017 年12 月竣工

業(yè)主單位：Realdania By og Byg

設(shè)計(jì)管理：OMA 全程設(shè)計(jì)，建筑和室內(nèi)包括家具

主管合伙人：埃倫·范·倫

項(xiàng)目總監(jiān)：Adrianne Fisher/ Chris van Duijn

工程：奧雅納與科威公司

當(dāng)?shù)亟ㄖ煟篊.F.M?ller (PLH Architekter)

景觀設(shè)計(jì)：Kragh &Berglund,1:1 Landskab (Inside Outside)

總承建商：Züblin A/S

照明設(shè)計(jì)：Les Eclaireurs 與 Ducks Scéno

總建筑面積/樓面凈面積：28 000 平方米/18 000 平方米

攝影：Clement Guillaume,Delfino Sisto Legnani 以及 Marco Cappelletti,Rasmus Hjortsh?j,Hans Werlemann,Rich Seymour

Status:Completion December 2017

Client:Realdania By og Byg

Design Management:OMA full design consultancy,architecture &interiors excl.furniture

OMA Partner:Ellen van Loon

OMA Project Director:Adrianne Fisher/ Chris van Duijn

Engineering:Arup with Cowi

Local Architect:C.F.M?ller (PLH Architekter)

Landscape:Kragh &Berglund,1:1 Landskab (Inside Outside)

Main Contractor:Züblin A/S

Lighting Design:Les Eclaireurs with Ducks Scéno

Gross/Net floor Area:28 000m2/18 000m2

Photography:Clement Guillaume,Delfino Sisto Legnani and Marco Cappelletti,Rasmus Hjortsh?j,Hans Werlemann,Rich Seymour

作為丹麥建筑中心的發(fā)源地，BLOX綜合體項(xiàng)目包含展示空間、私人辦公及聯(lián)合辦公區(qū)域、一家咖啡館、一間書(shū)店、一間健身房、一家餐館、22間公寓以及一個(gè)地下自動(dòng)公共停車場(chǎng)，上述區(qū)域看似分離獨(dú)立，如何連接以上功能區(qū)域，使之成為一個(gè)有機(jī)整體正是該項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)的核心。此項(xiàng)目的終極目標(biāo)就是在原有地址發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的美，進(jìn)行二次開(kāi)發(fā)。

以哥本哈根主要環(huán)狀路線為分界線，老啤酒廠區(qū)（Old Brewery）被分為兩部分，起初老啤酒廠沒(méi)有被認(rèn)定為一個(gè)建筑，直到新的丹麥建筑中心設(shè)計(jì)方案完成，才將老啤酒廠認(rèn)定為一個(gè)建筑。BLOX綜合體橫跨道路，把道路上下方的社交緊密聯(lián)系起來(lái)，同時(shí)BLOX也把議會(huì)區(qū)域與港灣聯(lián)系起來(lái)，將文化延伸至水的邊緣。在地下，原本屬于“汽車”的空間變成屬于“人”的空間，通行空間變成可以駐留的空間。

哥本哈根內(nèi)港有著悠久的工業(yè)與軍隊(duì)歷史。在開(kāi)墾的土地上，建筑所在地當(dāng)初建有多個(gè)啤酒廠建筑，這些建筑于20世紀(jì)60年代被全部燒毀。自那時(shí)起，海港便成為丹麥一些最著名的建筑圖像的發(fā)源地。這也是丹麥現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)原理的線性展示區(qū)，具體可以解釋為展示紀(jì)念性、簡(jiǎn)單質(zhì)樸與優(yōu)雅之特征。

BLOX綜合體的到來(lái)注入了新的動(dòng)能，為所面臨的水域、克爾凱郭爾廣場(chǎng)以及城市本身提供了邂逅乃至互相融合的機(jī)會(huì)。BLOX綜合體毗鄰海港邊緣而建，與傳統(tǒng)的黃色建筑物不同，它的面積與體積創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)受庇護(hù)的公共城市廣場(chǎng)，且現(xiàn)有的圖書(shū)廣場(chǎng)急需建造完善建筑物的正立面部分。

與哥本哈根絕大多數(shù)不開(kāi)放及難以融入的街區(qū)不同，BLOX綜合體卻能主動(dòng)接納城市生活的多樣性。途經(jīng)建筑物的城市道路極大地促進(jìn)了建筑物本身與城市的聯(lián)系，密切了不同博物館、圖書(shū)館間和具有深厚歷史底蘊(yùn)的城堡島周邊歷史古跡間的互動(dòng)。一個(gè)線性公園以高于水位的高度，沿著港口水流方向和港口岸墻構(gòu)建，穿過(guò)建筑物。原有運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)地與新建筑相融合，部分成為露臺(tái)，并用作公共區(qū)域，在有需要時(shí)，該部分區(qū)域可在夜間用于露天影院，以供公眾休息。

而建筑物的外部呈現(xiàn)出疊加效果，通過(guò)不同排列方式形成相同的幾何圖形。這些辦公室位于一個(gè)長(zhǎng)方形環(huán)狀的玻璃墻中，玻璃墻用白色釉料遮擋。建筑物一樓的各項(xiàng)功能分屬不同空間，同時(shí)構(gòu)建各個(gè)入口，為訪客開(kāi)啟將整個(gè)城市帶入建筑物的旅程。為保護(hù)住戶的隱私，住宅空間被分割且向后而建，同時(shí)，景觀露臺(tái)圍繞丹麥建筑中心的中心頂燈構(gòu)建。建筑物的彩色紋理與大海的聲音產(chǎn)生了微妙的互動(dòng)與共鳴，在水面反射光的映照下總是那樣的悅耳。

丹麥建筑中心本身形成了 BLOX 項(xiàng)目的核心，它位于建筑的中心，周圍環(huán)繞著它的研究對(duì)象：公寓、辦公室和停車場(chǎng)。設(shè)計(jì)空間以垂直形式構(gòu)建，穿過(guò)這棟建筑物，從地表以下為起始點(diǎn)，向地勢(shì)高處延伸，直到咖啡屋的位置，能夠?qū)Ω竟w有清晰的視野。

The BLOX project,home of the Danish Architecture Center (DAC),contains exhibition spaces,offices and co-working spaces,a café,a bookstore,a fitness centre,a restaurant,twenty-two apartments and an underground automated public carpark,but it is not the acrobatic mixing of uses that defines this project;its ultimate achievement is in‘discovering’ its own site.

The Old Brewery site,split into two by one of Copenhagen’s main ring roads,didn’t really register as a building site until the design of the new DAC identified it as such.Straddling the road,making public connections both above and below,BLOX connects the parliament district with the harbour front and brings culture to the water’s edge.A space for cars becomes a space for people;a space to pass through becomes a space to reside.

The Copenhagen inner harbour has a long industrial and military history.On reclaimed land,the building site initially housed a cluster of brewery buildings which burnt to the ground in the 1960s.Since then the harbour has become the home of some of Denmark's most notable architectural icons;a linear display of the tenets of Danish Modernism:monumentality,simplicity and politeness.

BLOX adds a new impulse:creating an encounter between the water frontages,Kierkegaard's Square and the city.Its square volume,positioned directly along the harbourside,creates a sheltered public city square against the traditional yellow buildings and a much needed built front for the existing library square.

Contrary to most city blocks in Copenhagen– often introverted and inaccessible– the building absorbs the city’s life.The urban routes through the building lead to unexpected and unpredictable interactions between the building and the city,linking the different museums,libraries and historical sites around the culturally rich Slotsholmen area.A linear park along the harbour flows down below water level along the quay wall and through the building.The former playground is incorporated into the new building,as a partially covered and terraced public space,which can be transformed in the evening into an open-air cinema acting as a public foyer.

The building’s exterior is marked by a stacking of the same geometric forms in different arrangements.The offices are contained in a rectangular ring of glass facades shaded in a white frit.The ground floor functions are located in separate volumes generating openings which form the public entrances and bring the city in to the center of the building.The apartment volumes are fragmented and recessed for privacy,the landscaped terraces encircle the DAC’s central rooflight.The building’s coloured textures subtly echo the sea tones of the harbour,ever-present in the reflected light of the water.

可持續(xù)性

一個(gè)長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展眼光運(yùn)用在該項(xiàng)目中，絕非僅僅為了日常能源、碳以及資源問(wèn)題，更是為了解決涉及范圍更大的社會(huì)與經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)面影響?？沙掷m(xù)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的評(píng)價(jià)工具是用來(lái)分析項(xiàng)目和相關(guān)的記錄進(jìn)展，從而在更廣泛的文化和地理背景下，涵蓋環(huán)境、社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的一整套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

丹麥在2009年《哥本哈根協(xié)定》中提出了先進(jìn)的低耗能源要求，并提出“運(yùn)作能源消耗要比其他國(guó)家低得多”的理念。重新思考建筑物的外觀體積等基本概念、建造過(guò)程中如何降低二氧化碳排放量、減少隱含碳排放、探討如何更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)碳中和等一系列新理念將融入建筑設(shè)計(jì)，從而賦予建筑物更好適應(yīng)時(shí)代發(fā)展的能力。此棟建筑充分利用現(xiàn)有可再生能源，實(shí)現(xiàn)的天然能源低于40千瓦時(shí)/每平方米/每年的低排放目標(biāo)。

除此之外，在BLOX綜合體使用期間，用戶舒適和不同年齡段需求多樣化也得到了充分的考慮和滿足。在噪音處理方面，該建筑完美地消除了道路噪音以及高速公路橋路建造產(chǎn)生的振動(dòng)，同時(shí)隔熱效果良好。建筑采光很好，給人以良好的視覺(jué)體驗(yàn)，并能夠有效地降低光能消耗。最低限度的光能消耗與用戶臺(tái)燈系統(tǒng)完美融合，光照與立面遮陽(yáng)調(diào)節(jié)均可根據(jù)用戶需求，由燈光中央控制系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)。與此同時(shí)，該建筑物作為熱量回收的典范，優(yōu)點(diǎn)同樣突出，該建筑物以海水降溫和充分利用生產(chǎn)電的余熱為抓手，通過(guò)哥本哈根地區(qū)熱量和制冷系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了制冷與制熱的良好控制。

The DAC itself forms the core of the BLOX Project,positioned in the centre,surrounded by and embedded within its objects of study:housing,offices and parking.It is organized as a vertical sequence of spaces running through the building,starting below ground and moving upwards to the cafe with its view over all of Copenhagen.

Sustainability

A broad sustainability vision has been developed for the project,not just in terms of the usual energy,carbon and resource issues,but addressing the wider social and economic impacts.The Arup SPeAR?assessment served as a tool to analyse the project and record progress against a comprehensive,holistic set of criteria spanning environmental,social and economic aspects within the wider cultural and geographical context.

Denmark’s advanced low energy requirements for buildings,arising from the 2009 Copenhagen Accord,demand an operational energy usage much lower than other countries.Bringing the building’s design in line with these criteria involved rethinking its mass and fa?ade concepts,involving ways to reduce CO2 emissions and embodied carbon during construction and operations,as well as researching new solutions to offset and neutralise the carbon usage.The building makes use of on-site renewable energy and achieves the Low Energy Class with a primary energy usage of under 40 kWh/m2/yr.

User comfort and lifetime flexibility are important elements for the durability of BLOX.The building is acoustically isolated from road noise and vibrations with a highway bridge construction and high insulation facades.The office facades are fully glazed to provide a generous outlook and to reduce lighting energy usage.Minimal low-energy lighting fixtures combined with user task lights are used,and both lighting and facade sun shading are automated through centralised daylight control,with user controls.The building is served by a high specification heat recovery plant which uses Copenhagen’s district heating and cooling system based on seawater cooling and the use of residual heat from electricity generation.