肖寒
“扎實(shí)推進(jìn)黃河大保護(hù),確保黃河安瀾,是治國理政的大事?!?021年10月,習(xí)近平總書記親臨山東視察,并主持召開深入推動(dòng)黃河流域生態(tài)保護(hù)和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展座談會(huì),要求山東努力在推動(dòng)黃河流域生態(tài)保護(hù)和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展上走在前,為山東推進(jìn)黃河流域生態(tài)保護(hù)和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展提供了根本遵循和行動(dòng)指南。
“讓黃河成為造福人民的幸福河”。黃河流域生態(tài)保護(hù)和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展,是習(xí)近平總書記親自謀劃、親自部署、親自推動(dòng)的重大國家戰(zhàn)略。牢記總書記殷切囑托,山東聚焦聚力落實(shí)黃河重大國家戰(zhàn)略,加快打造生態(tài)保護(hù)樣板區(qū)、長久安瀾示范帶、綠色低碳發(fā)展先行區(qū)、對外開放新高地、文化“兩創(chuàng)”新標(biāo)桿,黃河流域生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量持續(xù)改善,經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展邁出更大步伐。
機(jī)械轟鳴,人聲鼎沸……5月,泰安東平湖西側(cè)金山壩迎汛除險(xiǎn)工程現(xiàn)場呈現(xiàn)一派熱火朝天的景象。金山壩全長5400米,因地勢低、修建年代久遠(yuǎn)、風(fēng)化浸泡嚴(yán)重,成為東平湖防汛工作中的一塊短板。每年汛期,“金山壩”三個(gè)字都是東平人心頭最深切的牽掛。
時(shí)間回溯到2021年秋。“大雨連著下了好幾天,湖里的水眼見著就漲上來了。俺家離著壩還不到1000米,嚇得晚上都不敢睡覺!”今年82歲的東平縣戴廟鎮(zhèn)戴廟村村民王步香回想起那場大水仍心有余悸。彼時(shí),面對20年來的最高水位,東平縣迅速投入一線防汛力量5000余人,奮戰(zhàn)30余天,最終打贏了這場防汛搶險(xiǎn)攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)。
面對多日浸泡后脆弱不堪的金山壩,為了壩西2.9萬名群眾的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全,東平縣決定2022年實(shí)施金山壩迎汛除險(xiǎn)工程。如今,金山壩的防洪能力顯著提升,能夠成功抵御42.72米以下的洪水,大幅減少了東平湖防汛投入,筑牢了生態(tài)安全底線,全力守護(hù)好人民群眾的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全。
“三年兩決口,百年一改道”曾是黃河的常態(tài),“黃河寧,天下平”的古謠道盡了黃河與國家民族命運(yùn)的關(guān)系。山東聚焦“根治水患、防治干旱”,完成黃河下游及東平湖蓄滯洪區(qū)防洪工程建設(shè),全面建成黃河河道標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化堤防。
這段時(shí)間,菏澤市東明縣焦園鄉(xiāng)辛莊村黨支部書記李占勝每天都要和村干部到黃河岸邊巡河?!疤镩g灌溉要從黃河里提灌澆地,再就是要沿堤巡查,看看有沒有沖壞的地方并及時(shí)處置?!崩钫紕僬f,“三年攢錢、三年墊臺(tái)、三年蓋房、三年還賬”,曾經(jīng)是黃河灘區(qū)群眾艱苦生活的寫照。而如今,外遷安置、就地就近筑村臺(tái)、筑堤保護(hù)、舊村臺(tái)改造提升,灘區(qū)群眾終于在新時(shí)代擁有了一個(gè)“穩(wěn)穩(wěn)的家”。
去年5月底,山東省灘區(qū)遷建工程建設(shè)全面完成,10月底外遷社區(qū)全部完成搬遷,圓了60多萬灘區(qū)群眾的“安居夢”。山東大學(xué)教授、黃河國家戰(zhàn)略研究院副院長余東華認(rèn)為,山東協(xié)同施策解決黃河灘區(qū)脫貧遷建難題,徹底改變了群眾居住條件、大幅提升了灘區(qū)生態(tài)、有力推動(dòng)了產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展,幸福黃河建設(shè)取得階段性成效。
近日,由于黃河入魯水質(zhì)始終保持在Ⅱ類以上,山東省作為受益方,向上游的河南省兌現(xiàn)生態(tài)補(bǔ)償資金1.26億元,標(biāo)志著黃河流域省際橫向生態(tài)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制探索取得重要進(jìn)展。
山東向河南支付生態(tài)補(bǔ)償資金,源自2021年山東與河南簽訂的《黃河流域(豫魯段)橫向生態(tài)保護(hù)補(bǔ)償協(xié)議》。協(xié)議約定,監(jiān)測斷面水質(zhì)年均值在Ⅲ類基礎(chǔ)上,每改善一個(gè)水質(zhì)類別,山東給予河南6000萬元補(bǔ)償資金;反之,每惡化一個(gè)水質(zhì)類別,河南給予山東6000萬元賠償資金。補(bǔ)償協(xié)議簽署以來,黃河入魯水質(zhì)持續(xù)保持在Ⅱ類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以上,主要污染物指標(biāo)穩(wěn)中向好。
在建立實(shí)施黃河流域省際橫向生態(tài)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制的同時(shí),為促進(jìn)省內(nèi)流域環(huán)境的聯(lián)動(dòng)保護(hù)和協(xié)同治理,山東在省內(nèi)縣際建立了全流域橫向生態(tài)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制。2021年9月,全省301個(gè)跨縣界斷面全部簽訂橫向生態(tài)補(bǔ)償協(xié)議。截至2022年5月底,共兌付縣際橫向生態(tài)補(bǔ)償資金3.24億元。其中,下游補(bǔ)償上游2.17億元,上游賠償下游1.07億元,補(bǔ)償金額大幅超出賠償金額,反映了上游治理成效凸顯,流域水質(zhì)整體持續(xù)向好。
堅(jiān)定不移把大保護(hù)作為關(guān)鍵任務(wù),山東高質(zhì)量編制規(guī)劃,編制生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線、環(huán)境質(zhì)量底線、資源利用上線和生態(tài)環(huán)境準(zhǔn)入清單,劃定沿黃9市陸域生態(tài)紅線。今年2月,省委、省政府發(fā)布《山東省黃河流域生態(tài)保護(hù)和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展規(guī)劃》,為實(shí)現(xiàn)各項(xiàng)目標(biāo)任務(wù)確定了明晰的時(shí)間點(diǎn)和路線圖,提出“推動(dòng)黃河流域協(xié)同合作、協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,展現(xiàn)山東擔(dān)當(dāng),貢獻(xiàn)山東力量”。
實(shí)施黃河國家戰(zhàn)略,生態(tài)保護(hù)是“先手棋”。近年來,山東堅(jiān)持生態(tài)優(yōu)先、系統(tǒng)治理,推動(dòng)黃河生態(tài)保護(hù)取得一系列顯著成績。黃河干流山東段國控?cái)嗝嫠|(zhì)全部達(dá)到地表水Ⅱ類水體標(biāo)準(zhǔn);沿黃9市建成生態(tài)文明建設(shè)示范區(qū)達(dá)到15個(gè)、“綠水青山就是金山銀山”實(shí)踐創(chuàng)新基地達(dá)到16個(gè);黃河三角洲累計(jì)修復(fù)濕地近30萬畝,野生鳥類增加到371種……放眼黃河兩岸,生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量持續(xù)改善,水安全保障能力穩(wěn)步提升,生物多樣性更加豐富,奔流的母親河因生態(tài)保護(hù)而愈加壯美開闊。
山東黃河數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)園成立園區(qū)運(yùn)營公司,累計(jì)集聚電商及科創(chuàng)企業(yè)305家;中科新經(jīng)濟(jì)科創(chuàng)園導(dǎo)入中科系三大科研院所,其中濟(jì)南先進(jìn)動(dòng)力研究所輕型燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)填補(bǔ)國內(nèi)技術(shù)空白并形成商業(yè)成果;濟(jì)南國際招商產(chǎn)業(yè)園引進(jìn)法國電力等2個(gè)世界500強(qiáng)項(xiàng)目;新能源乘用車及零部件產(chǎn)業(yè)園項(xiàng)目總投資超百億元,能帶動(dòng)數(shù)萬人口就業(yè),并帶動(dòng)一大批上下游配套產(chǎn)業(yè)落地,短時(shí)間內(nèi)集聚形成優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)業(yè)集群……
作為山東貫徹落實(shí)黃河流域生態(tài)保護(hù)和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略、深入推進(jìn)新舊動(dòng)能轉(zhuǎn)換的重大載體支撐,自去年4月獲批以來,濟(jì)南新舊動(dòng)能轉(zhuǎn)換起步區(qū)瞄準(zhǔn)新一代信息技術(shù)、高端裝備制造、新能源新材料等戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)招引項(xiàng)目,不斷匯聚優(yōu)質(zhì)高端項(xiàng)目,區(qū)域承載力正不斷增強(qiáng)。
中國社會(huì)科學(xué)院生態(tài)文明研究智庫—中共山東省委黨校(山東行政學(xué)院)黃河研究院院長黃承梁認(rèn)為,起步區(qū)建設(shè)加速了濟(jì)南由“大明湖時(shí)代”邁向“黃河時(shí)代”,將為山東半島城市群更好發(fā)揮黃河流域龍頭作用提供支撐。
放眼齊魯大地,濟(jì)南國際醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)中心、濱州渤??苿?chuàng)城、菏澤現(xiàn)代醫(yī)藥港、東營高端石化基地等一大批特色化、有競爭力的產(chǎn)業(yè)集群加快形成,沿黃現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)大走廊初具規(guī)模。
打造沿黃高質(zhì)量發(fā)展標(biāo)桿,山東堅(jiān)定不移推進(jìn)新舊動(dòng)能轉(zhuǎn)換,堅(jiān)持“四個(gè)區(qū)分”、執(zhí)行“五個(gè)減量替代”,嚴(yán)控“兩高”項(xiàng)目盲目上馬,加快推動(dòng)鋼鐵、石化、鋁業(yè)等七大高耗能行業(yè)綠色低碳轉(zhuǎn)型,2021年“四新”經(jīng)濟(jì)投資占比達(dá)到51.2%,沿黃9市高新技術(shù)企業(yè)數(shù)量達(dá)6133家。
黃河流域生態(tài)保護(hù)和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展離不開協(xié)同合作。山東主動(dòng)與其他沿黃8省(區(qū))會(huì)商確定了7個(gè)領(lǐng)域的跨省合作事項(xiàng),隴電入魯?shù)戎攸c(diǎn)事項(xiàng)取得積極進(jìn)展,黃河科創(chuàng)聯(lián)盟、黃河流域產(chǎn)教聯(lián)盟等合作平臺(tái)開始發(fā)揮作用;牽頭建立黃河流域海關(guān)關(guān)際一體協(xié)同機(jī)制,創(chuàng)新“陸海聯(lián)動(dòng)、海鐵直運(yùn)”內(nèi)陸港物流監(jiān)管模式,布局建設(shè)內(nèi)陸港24個(gè),黃河流域出口貨物境內(nèi)段綜合運(yùn)輸成本下降20%。
春山在望,未來可期。山東正以“地處黃河下游,工作力爭上游”的風(fēng)范,在齊魯大地奏響新時(shí)代的“黃河大合唱”,奮力譜寫黃河流域生態(tài)保護(hù)和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展重大國家戰(zhàn)略山東篇。
Intoxicating Yellow River Banks
“Make the Yellow River a river that will bring happiness and benefits to the people.” Shandong focuses on implementing the major national strategy for the Yellow River, thereby continuously improving the ecological and environmental quality of the Yellow River basin, and taking a bigger step in high-quality economic development.
Focusing on “Eliminating Floods and Preventing and Controlling Droughts”, Shandong has completed the construction of flood control works in flood storage and detention areas of the Dongping Lake and the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and finished the building of the Standardized Dike of the Yellow River Channel. At the end of last May, the construction of Shandongs beach area relocation project was fully completed. At the end of October, Shandong completed the relocation of all relocated communities, realized the “Housing Dream” of more than 600,000 people from the beach area, completely changed the masses living condition, greatly improved the ecological environment of the beach area, vigorously promoted industry development, and achieved phased results in the Happy Yellow River construction.
For implementing the national strategy for the Yellow River, ecological protection is the “First Move”. In recent years, Shandong has insisted on ecological priority and systematic treatment, and propelled a series of significant results in the ecological protection of the Yellow River. The water quality of the whole state-controlled section of the Yellow River trunk stream in Shandong reached the standard of class II surface water; the nine cities along the Yellow River have built 15 demonstration zones for ecological civilization construction and 16 practice and innovation bases with the theme - “l(fā)ucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets”; the Yellow River Delta has restored nearly 20,000 hectares of wetlands, with the species of wild birds increasing to 371... After observing both banks of the Yellow River, we could see the continuous improvements of ecological and environmental quality, the steady elevation of water security capability, and richer biodiversity. Our flowing mother river appears more magnificent and broad because of ecological protection.
Collaboration is indispensable for the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin. Shandong has taken the initiative to consult with the capitals of eight provinces (regions), determined the trans-provincial cooperation in seven fields, and made positive progress in Power Transmission from Gansu to Shandong and other major projects. Besides, such cooperation platforms as the Yellow River Scientific & Technological Innovation Alliance and the Yellow River Basin Industry-Education Alliance have come into play.