蘑菇之間也有信息交流

王慧慧

交流并不是人類的專屬技能，動(dòng)植物也可以通過化學(xué)物質(zhì)互相交流。一項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究表明，真菌也有類似的能力，比如，蘑菇就能夠通過電信號交流溝通。

1?Mushrooms?on?a?log?may?each?seem?like?quiet，?separate?organisms，?but?theyre?actually?the?aboveground?fruit?belonging?to?a?fungus?（真菌），

connected?to?the?large?organism?by?a?root?network?called?mycelium?（菌絲）.?Although?mushrooms

may?not?seem?very?talkative?either，?a?new?study?shows?electrical?signals?traveling?through?their?mycelium?network?could?help?the

organism?communicate.

2?According?to?the?research，?some?mushrooms?can?use?electrical?impulses?to?share?and?process?information?in?their?body.?When?signal?activity?increases，?it?creates?complicated?patterns?that?may?function?like?words?in?human?speech.

3?Previous?research?has?found?that?mushrooms?can?send?electrical?signals?underground?through?long，?threadlike?structures，?which?expand?to?form?a?network?of?mycelium.?It?works?like?nerve?cells?that?send?signals?to?other?parts?of?the?human?body.?Some?studies?have?shown?that?electrical?activity?will?increase?when?the?mycelium?of?wooddigesting?mushrooms?touches?wooden?blocks，?which?may?indicate?that?mushrooms?can?use?these?impulses?to?share?information?about?food?or?injury.

4?In?the?new?study，?four?species?were?analyzed.?Researchers?listened?to?the?mushrooms?chat?using?tiny?electrodes（電極）?connected?to?mycelium?to?measure?the?power?insignal?activity.?Each?result?in?the?activity?was?organized?into?several?groups?and?given?a?linguistic?and?information?complexity?analysis.?The?power?varied?in?duration?and?length，?with?some?lasting?up?to?21?hours.?The?electrical?points?resembled?a?human?vocabulary?of?up?to?50?words.?However，?only?15?to?20?mushrooms?words?are?used?frequently.

5?Mushrooms?words?are?also?similar?in?length?to?human?words.?The?mushrooms?word?length?averaged?over?the?four?species?is?5.97，?which?is?of?the?same?range?as?an

average?word?length?in?some?human?languages.?For?example，?it?is?4.8?in?English?and?6?in?Russian.

6?While?the?research?shows?mushrooms?can?produce?patterns?of?electrical?signals，?theres?no?way?to?tell?what?they?are?talking?about，?if?they?are?at?all.?While?comparing?the?mushrooms?electrical?signals?to?human?speech?is?interesting?and?notable，?some?researchers?are?skeptical.?“Though?interesting，?the?interpretation?as?language?seems?somewhat?overenthusiastic?and?requires?more?research，”?says?Dan?Bebber?from?the?University?of?Exeter.

Detail????1.?How?did?mushrooms?communicate？

A.?Through?their?roots.?B.?Through?nerve?cells.

C.?Through?their?surfaces.?D.?Through?electrical?signals.

Gist????2.?What?does?paragraph?4?mainly?talk?about？

A.?The?process?of?doing?the?research.

B.?The?language?ability?of?mushrooms.

C.?The?meaning?of?studying?mushrooms.

D.?The?result?of?communicating?information.

Detail?????????3.?What?does?Dan?Bebber?think?about?the?study?according?to?the

last?paragraph？

A.?It?is?of?great?significance.

B.?It?is?interesting?and?notable.

C.?It?remains?to?be?seen?if?its?worthwhile.

D.?It?has?brought?a?lot?of?different?effects.

Inference?4.?Where?is?the?text?probably?taken?from？

A.?A?science?magazine.?B.?A?health?guide.

C.?A?research?paper.?????D.?A?textbook.

Difficult?sentence?in?the?text

Some?studies?have?shown?that?electrical?activity?will?increase?when?the?mycelium?of?wooddigesting?mushrooms?touches?wooden?blocks，?which?may?indicate?that?mushrooms?can?use?these?impulses?to?share?information?about?food?or?injury.?一些研究表明，當(dāng)以木材為食的蘑菇的菌絲接觸到木塊時(shí)，電活動(dòng)會(huì)增加，這可能表明蘑菇可以利用這些脈沖來分享關(guān)于食物或損傷的信息。

【點(diǎn)石成金】本句中，第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句;在賓語從句中，when?the

mycelium?of?wooddigesting?mushrooms?touches?wooden?blocks為when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句;which?may?indicate?that?mushrooms?can?use?these?impulses?to?share?information?about?food?or?injury為which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其中，that?mushrooms...injury作indicate的賓語。