巧用無靈主語，提升輸出質(zhì)量

張翔

第一部分 方法過手

無靈主語即沒有生命力的主語，比如時間、地點、自然現(xiàn)象等。無靈主語常搭配有靈動詞使用，賦予沒有生命力的東西以有生命力的動作，從而增加主語的多樣性，使語言更生動。

無靈主語常分為以下幾種：表示情緒狀態(tài)的抽象名詞，表示身體部位和音容的名詞，表示時間、地點、動植物、抽象概念的名詞，以及表示行為和動作的名詞。

一、表示情緒狀態(tài)的抽象名詞作主語

表示情緒狀態(tài)的常見名詞有joy（高興）、excitement（興奮）、fear（恐懼）、anger（憤怒）、sorrow（悲傷）等，與之搭配使用的動詞或動詞短語有seize（侵襲；突然控制）、well up（涌出）、choke （使哽咽）、flood （涌入）、creep over（不知不覺地產(chǎn)生）、grip（對……產(chǎn)生強有力的影響）、give way to （被……代替）等。

火災發(fā)生時，她感到驚慌失措。

→She panicked when the fire broke out.（普通表達）

→Panic seized her when the fire broke out.（升級表達）

看到媽媽時， 金的內(nèi)心非常高興。

→Kim was very joyful when seeing his mother.（普通表達）

→Joy welled up inside Kim when he saw his mother.（升級表達）

她感到絕望，一時無語。

→She was despaired and speechless.（普通表達）

→ Despair choked her words.（升級表達）

【即時小練】

1. 當主持人宣布她獲獎時，她興奮極了。

When the host announced that she won the prize，_____________________________ .

2. 她傷心不已。

A sadness_____________________________________.

3. 他哽咽欲哭。

A lump________________________________________.

4. 眼淚沿著她的面頰流下來。

Tears________________________________________.

5. 恐懼慢慢地蔓延到她身上。

Fear slowly____________________________________.

二、表示身體部位和音容的名詞作主語

表示身體部位和音容的名詞主要有face、smile、laughter等，與之搭配使用的動詞或動詞短語有l(wèi)ight up（照亮）、brighten（照亮）、linger（繼續(xù)存留）、well up（涌出）、flash（突然想到）等。

當我給她送禮物時，她喜笑顏開。

→She smiled sunnily when I gave her the present.（普通表達）

→Her face lit up/brightened when I gave her the present.（升級表達）

笑聲回蕩在房間里。

→There was a long laughter in the room.（普通表達）

→Laughter lingered in the room.（升級表達）

【即時小練】

6. 看到直升機，簡高興地笑了起來。

The moment she caught sight of the helicopter，?__________________________________________.

7. 他皺起了眉。

A frown_____________________________________________.

8. 沉默持續(xù)了一會兒。

Silence?___________________________________________.

三、表示時間、地點、動植物、抽象概念的名詞作主語

當表示時間、地點、動植物、抽象概念的名詞作主語時，常和以下動詞進行搭配：witness、find、see、boast［擁有（值得自豪的東西）］。

最近幾年，北京發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

→Great changes have taken place in Beijing in recent years.（普通表達）

→Beijing has witnessed great changes in recent years.（升級表達）

接下來的幾年，有些瀕危動物消失了。

→Some endangered animals disappeared in the following years.（普通表達）

→The following years saw the disappearance of some endangered animals.（升級表達）

【即時小練】

9. 在過去的三年中，校園里的大樹見證了學生們的成長。

The trees on campus_______________________________________________________in the past three years.

10. 上周日下午，在操場上舉行了競爭激烈的排球決賽。

Last Sunday afternoon___________________________________________________________on the playground.

11. 過去的經(jīng)驗告訴我們某些成就是無法獲得的。

Past experience?_________________________________________________certain accomplishments are beyond attainment.

四、表示行為和動作的名詞作主語

常見的表示行為或動作的名詞主要有sight、thought、glance、look、idea、feeling等，與之搭配使用的動詞常有strike、arouse、remind、delight、frighten、overwhelm等。

我突然有了一個可怕的想法。

→Suddenly， I thought of a terrible thought.（普通表達）

→A terrible thought suddenly struck me.（升級表達）

看到電影里的場景，我感到恐懼。

→I was horrified at the scene in the film.（普通表達）

→The sight of the scene in the film filled me with horror.（升級表達）

【即時小練】

12. 他從未想到做志愿者的經(jīng)歷會對他之后的生活產(chǎn)生如此深遠的影響。

____________________________________________ the experience as a volunteer would have such a profound effect on his later life.

13. 我突然想到了一個快速系中國結(jié)的方法。

A quick way to tie a Chinese knot____________________________________________________.

14. 這個故事使我想起了一句諺語：“不能以貌取人?！?/p>

This story?___________________________________________________“Never judge a person by his appearance.”

第二部分 語篇過招

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個完整的故事。

A turning?point party

The cold snow was falling as Kelly struggled home from school in December. How much she hated the snow and everything else about Pinetree！ How much she missed Thailand！? “I hate it here！ I want to go home！” Kelly thought.

She reached for a small white envelope in her pocket. In it was an invitation to Jennifer's party： Kelly didn't want to go. She felt awkward at the thought of being at a party with a bunch of kids she barely knew. She closed her eyes and remembered this time of a year people would hold a festival to thank the Mother of Water in Thailand. They used banana leaves to make a little boat with a candle lit in it， made a wish for the coming year and set the boat floating on the river.

Kelly sighed and pushed open the door to her parents' restaurant. They were busy working. “Maybe I should go just this once for Mama and Papa. They are so worried that I'm not making any friends，” Kelly thought. Kelly went over and tied an apron around her waist. As she was washing dishes， she told her mother that she had been invited to a party on Friday night. Mama smiled， saying now she might be happy in their new home. Kelly nodded， thinking Pinetree could never be her home.

On Friday evening， Papa drove Kelly to the party. Jennifer met her at the door and led her into the dining room. Six kids from her classes were seated around the table， on which were sitting small brown cookie houses. They were selecting colorful candies and gluing them to their own houses. Wow， she loved making things. For this part of the party， she could be herself. She decided to decorate her cottage like one of the golden temples of? Thailand. As she was making it， Jennifer wondered how she did it. The others joined staring at Kelly with admiration. Kelly felt a warm glow. Maybe I could fit in here—a little， she thought.

注意：

1. 所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應為150左右；

2. 續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好。

Paragraph 1：

After dinner， the party went on and the talk turned to the coming holidays.? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2：

Suddenly， Kelly came up with an idea.? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________