The Former Residence of the CPC Delegation: CPC Members’ Striving Spirit in the Mountain City中共代表團駐地：一群共產(chǎn)黨人戰(zhàn)斗在山城

劉丁睿

“Everything serves our people.”— Wang Ruofei

“一切為人民打算?！? —王若飛

“I survive as a Chinese， I sacrifice as a Chinese soul.” —Qin Bangxian

“生為中華人，死為中華魂。”? —秦邦憲

“I shall be immortalized in raging flames and sacrificing blood.” — Ye Ting

“我應該在烈火和熱血中得到永生?！? —葉挺

With beige white exterior walls， bright red doors， windows and stairs， the former residence site of the CPC delegation is located at No.151 Zhongshan 3rd Road， Yuzhong District， full of the vicissitudes of history. Seven and eight decades ago， a group of CPC members experienced harsh years of struggle here. With firm ideals and beliefs in mind， they struggled valiantly for the establishment of a new China in a difficult and complicated environment thorough lofty ideology and extraordinary political wisdom.

Built during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression as a dormitory for the staff of the Bank of China， this site served as the residence for CPC delegation led by Zhou Enlai to attend the Old Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference in Chongqing from 1945 to 1946. This building witnessed the revolutionary struggle of the old CPC generation led by Zhou Enlai， Dong Biwu， Wu Yuzhang， Wang Ruofei， Ye Jianying and others in Chongqing.

The exhibition hall inside displays a variety of documents and materials. Though our forefathers have passed away， their belongings exist for people to commemorate. “On top of the Heicha Mountain， by the Yan’an River， the people’s heroes are immortalized.” — this is the poem wrote by Zhou Enlai for the martyrs of the “April 8th Air Crash in 1946”. There are also the manuscript of Prisoner’s Song written by Ye Ting in prison， the telegram of approving Ye Ting to join the Party by the Central Committee of the CPC， and the birthday poem and letters presented by Huang Qisheng to Wang Ruofei’s mother and etc. These historical materials and pictures movingly tell the history of the CPC delegation’s arduous revolutionary struggle in Chongqing and pay tribute to those martyrs who died for upholding the cause of people’s peace and democracy.

The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference held in 1946 is known as the “Old CPPCC” and was held in Chongqing from January 10th to 31st in 1946. A total of 38 people from the Kuomintang， the Communist Party of China， the China Democratic League， the Young People’s Party and the non-partisan attended the meeting. At the meeting， three political forces， namely the left， the neutral and the right， engaged in a sharp and complicated struggle. Thanks to the efforts of the CPC， the congress adopted five resolutions， including the Case on the Organization of the Government， the Case on the National Convention， the Case on Peacefully Founding a State， the Case on the Military Issues， and the Draft Constitution. These resolutions were eventually torn up by the Kuomintang because they benefited the people to varying degrees and were unfavorable to Kuomintang’s ruling.

In order to strive for the success of the Conference， Zhou Enlai， Dong Biwu， Wu Yuzhang， Wang Ruofei and others met with various non-CPC parties and people from all walks of life for multiple times， and worked diligently to achieve democratic and peaceful unity. During the conference， the CPC also held a reception for Chinese and foreign journalists here to explain the CPC’s solemn position to all sectors of society.

On April 8th， 1946， 13 people， including Wang Ruofei and Qin Bangxian， who attended the old CPPCC in Chongqing， as well as Ye Ting， commander of the New Fourth Army and was just discharged from the prison， Deng Fa， the secretary of the Staff Committee of the Communist Party of China， and Huang Qisheng， the famous educator， flew back to Yan’an on the same plane. Due to bad weather， the plane lost its course and crashed into the Heicha mountain， southeast of Xing County， Shanxi province and all the people on the plane lost their lives. The whole country was with grief. Mao Zedong wrote the elegy “Death for the people， though death is still glorious”.

In May 1946， after the CPC delegation moved to Nanjing， the former residence site of the CPC delegation became the residence of the staff of the CPC Sichuan Provincial Committee. In November of the same year， it was returned to the national government and used by the military barracks of the Chongqing Police Command.

In 2001， the former residence of the CPC delegation in Chongqing was listed among the fifth batch of National Major Cultural Heritage Protection Sites.

米白色外墻，朱紅門窗和樓梯……坐落在渝中區(qū)中山三路151號的中共代表團駐地舊址，充滿了歷史的滄桑感。七十多年前，一群中國共產(chǎn)黨人在這里經(jīng)歷了風雨如磐的斗爭歲月。他們胸懷堅定理想信念，在艱險復雜的環(huán)境中，以崇高的思想境界和非凡的政治智慧，為建立新中國英勇斗爭。

中共代表團駐地舊址建于抗戰(zhàn)時期，原為中國銀行的職員宿舍。1945年至1946年，成為以周恩來為首的中國共產(chǎn)黨代表團在重慶出席舊政治協(xié)商會議時的駐地，見證了周恩來、董必武、吳玉章、王若飛、葉劍英等老一輩無產(chǎn)階級革命家率領中共代表團在重慶的革命斗爭歷程。

舊址內(nèi)部展廳陳列著各種文獻資料，斯人已逝，其物猶存?！昂诓枭巾敚影埠舆?，人民英雄，永垂不朽。”這是周恩來為“四八”烈士題寫的詩，還有葉挺在獄中寫的《囚歌》手稿、中央批準葉挺入黨電文、黃齊生贈王若飛母親的壽詩和書信……這些文物、圖片等歷史資料，生動地講述了中共代表團在重慶艱苦卓絕的革命斗爭歷程，紀念那些為堅持人民和平民主事業(yè)而犧牲的烈士。

1946年召開的政治協(xié)商會議，也稱“舊政協(xié)”， 于當年1月10日至31日在重慶召開。國民黨、共產(chǎn)黨、民主同盟、青年黨和無黨派人士共計38人參加。會上，左、中、右三種政治勢力展開了尖銳復雜的斗爭。在中國共產(chǎn)黨的努力下，大會通過了《政府組織案》《國民大會案》《和平建國綱領案》《軍事問題案》《憲法草案》等5項決議。由于這些決議在不同程度上有利于人民而不利于國民黨統(tǒng)治，因而最終被國民黨統(tǒng)治集團撕毀。

為了爭取政協(xié)會議取得成功，周恩來、董必武、吳玉章、王若飛等在此多次會見各民主黨派及各界人士，為實現(xiàn)民主團結、和平統(tǒng)一而辛勤工作。會議期間，中共還在這里舉行了中外記者招待會，向社會各界闡述中共嚴正立場。

1946年4月8日，在重慶出席舊政治協(xié)商會議的中共代表王若飛、秦邦憲，以及出獄的新四軍軍長葉挺、中共中央職工委員會書記鄧發(fā)、著名教育家黃齊生等13人同機飛返延安。由于天氣惡劣，飛機迷失航向，在山西興縣東南的黑茶山撞山墜毀，機上人員全部遇難。噩耗傳來，舉國同悲。毛澤東親筆寫下“為人民而死，雖死猶榮”的挽幛。

1946年5月，中共代表團遷往南京后，中共代表團駐地成為中共四川省委工作人員的駐地。同年11月交還國民政府，為重慶警備司令部軍營所用。

2001年，中共代表團駐地舊址被列為第五批全國重點文物保護單位。