LEGACY ER醫(yī)院美國(guó)得州艾倫市

業(yè)主單位：LEGACY ER 醫(yī)院&緊急救護(hù)所

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)：Yen Ong,Christine Robbins-Elrod,Paul Merrill,Josh Allen

合作單位：Ink+Oro 創(chuàng)意設(shè)計(jì)公司，SMR 景觀建筑師事務(wù)所

項(xiàng)目面積：860 平方米

項(xiàng)目竣工：2014 年

項(xiàng)目攝影:邁克爾·莫蘭

Client:Legacy ER &Urgent Care

Design architect/design team:Yen Ong,Christine Robbins-Elrod,Paul Merrill,Josh Allen

Collaborators/consultants:Ink+Oro Creatives,SMR Landscape Architects

Size:860 sqm

Year of completion:2014

Photographer:Michael Moran

位于得克薩斯州艾倫市的Legacy ER醫(yī)院旨在推進(jìn)社區(qū)獲得優(yōu)質(zhì)的醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)。運(yùn)營(yíng)著包括提供緊急護(hù)理和全天候急診服務(wù)的混合項(xiàng)目，這座8432平方英尺大小的建筑內(nèi)設(shè)置有緊急護(hù)理檢查室、治療室、行政辦公室和臨床工作人員相關(guān)區(qū)域。作為醫(yī)生身份的業(yè)主要求設(shè)計(jì)師精心設(shè)計(jì)，盡可能體現(xiàn)醫(yī)院的身份，并提高社區(qū)內(nèi)部的醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)品質(zhì)。通過(guò)將建筑的重點(diǎn)放在患者和員工，提升醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)品質(zhì)，并使他們?cè)谏婕熬o急醫(yī)療情況的情緒困擾中得到喘息。

Legacy ER醫(yī)院的設(shè)計(jì)力求捕獲急診醫(yī)療專業(yè)人員及其所代表品牌的雙重角色，從而向外反映急診醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)踐所需的知識(shí)、技能、精確度和決斷力，向內(nèi)反映作為醫(yī)護(hù)人員應(yīng)當(dāng)具備的溫和、善解人意、人道主義等多種品質(zhì)。簡(jiǎn)單地通過(guò)建筑蒙太奇（外部為大幅折彎的鋅板，內(nèi)部為輕柔雕刻的抹灰板）滿足業(yè)主的要求。

通過(guò)觀察標(biāo)準(zhǔn)住宅屋頂平面來(lái)定義該建筑的清晰邊緣輪廓，并獲得了新的構(gòu)造表達(dá)方法，實(shí)現(xiàn)以程序化驅(qū)動(dòng)的方式圍繞建筑進(jìn)行改造。鋅是一種最具可持續(xù)性的建筑金屬，因其在得克薩斯州極端天氣事件中固有的灰藍(lán)暖色和韌性而被選中。采用立縫屋面的普通聯(lián)鎖方法，根據(jù)折疊平面的平面參數(shù)繪制鋅板示意圖，在優(yōu)化遮陽(yáng)的同時(shí)確定最終的圖案結(jié)構(gòu)。而且，漸變網(wǎng)孔板也被映射至外表面，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)建筑的漫射照明效果。

與外部精確的幾何形狀相比，內(nèi)部空間旨在使邊緣模糊化，并柔和地接收自然光和人造光。視野、體量和光線是貫穿整個(gè)建筑的元素。這三種元素的大氣質(zhì)量組合和相互作用可以隨著自然氣候條件的變化使內(nèi)部空間不斷變化，并極具詩(shī)意地將用戶與自然聯(lián)系在一起。在循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的戰(zhàn)略交匯處，天窗形成了一套樸素而實(shí)用的導(dǎo)向系統(tǒng)。內(nèi)部天窗的細(xì)節(jié)可解讀為將外膜刺穿并與之縫合為一體的無(wú)框窗孔。拋光混凝土地板混合物中的鏡面聚合體和磨砂玻璃板反射光線和戶外自然色彩，并在入住過(guò)程中營(yíng)造出令人愉悅的平靜體驗(yàn)。

在一個(gè)以前開(kāi)放的牧場(chǎng)上，周圍環(huán)繞著商業(yè)驅(qū)動(dòng)的郊區(qū)住宅區(qū)、連鎖店和帶狀中心，Legacy ER醫(yī)院通過(guò)建筑干預(yù)打破了長(zhǎng)期昏昏欲睡的環(huán)境，這種環(huán)境缺乏地方認(rèn)同感，試圖對(duì)其地段界線以外的環(huán)境產(chǎn)生積極影響。景觀設(shè)計(jì)策略旨在調(diào)和當(dāng)?shù)仄毡榇嬖诘淖匀缓徒ㄖh(huán)境。

Legacy ER醫(yī)院的可持續(xù)場(chǎng)地策略包括提供植被開(kāi)放空間區(qū)域（幾乎為艾倫市所需植物開(kāi)放空間區(qū)域的三倍）和景觀設(shè)計(jì)（僅包括本地植被、適存植被以及限制室外用水的高效灌溉系統(tǒng)）。設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)選擇使用需水量小的耐旱植被，如雪松、榆樹(shù)、粉黛亂子草、彎葉畫(huà)眉草和野牛草。在草坪草消耗大量飲用水的地區(qū)，限制使用草坪草（以及使用（鋪設(shè)草坪地區(qū)的）野牛草）不失為一個(gè)符合未來(lái)發(fā)展、極具吸引力的環(huán)境友好型景觀美化示例。利用小流量管道設(shè)備和小流量水龍頭起泡器進(jìn)一步減少整個(gè)建筑的用水。

建筑圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)旨在利用被動(dòng)式太陽(yáng)能設(shè)計(jì)方案，更加節(jié)能。朝南的入口四周布滿大幅玻璃，以便陽(yáng)光照入建筑，同時(shí)大面積的懸挑屋頂挑檐和玻璃較小的太陽(yáng)能得熱系數(shù)限制了直射日照得熱的吸收。東側(cè)立面只有在室外溫度較低的早晨才能接收直射陽(yáng)光，也有寬大的玻璃窗，有一個(gè)5英尺高的懸挑。受到午后刺眼陽(yáng)光的直射，因此西側(cè)立面的玻璃作用非常有限，而且穿孔金屬懸挑可以在保證采光及欣賞戶外景觀的同時(shí)，保護(hù)診斷室的玻璃免受直射日照得熱和強(qiáng)光的影響。間接光照的建筑北側(cè)設(shè)有一個(gè)巨幅天窗，即使在沒(méi)有直射日照得熱的情況下陽(yáng)光也可以灑滿建筑內(nèi)部。針對(duì)該項(xiàng)目實(shí)施的其他能效策略包括使用高反照率屋面、為室內(nèi)外照明安裝節(jié)能熒光燈和LED燈具。

該建筑的設(shè)計(jì)和建造符合甚至超出了得克薩斯州衛(wèi)生服務(wù)部《獨(dú)立緊急醫(yī)療護(hù)理設(shè)施許可規(guī)則》的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)和安裝旨在提供優(yōu)質(zhì)的室內(nèi)空氣，這一點(diǎn)在醫(yī)療保健行業(yè)至關(guān)重要。已經(jīng)明確指定采用低排放材料有助于保持健康的室內(nèi)空氣，并對(duì)內(nèi)部建筑細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行了精心設(shè)計(jì)，以防止污垢、細(xì)菌及其他潛在有害顆粒的傳播或積聚。已經(jīng)明確使用易于維護(hù)、蘊(yùn)含能源較少、使用壽命較長(zhǎng)的耐用材料。

艾倫市的Legacy ER醫(yī)院，其質(zhì)量，無(wú)論是從美學(xué)角度來(lái)看，還是從實(shí)用角度來(lái)看，都意在為未來(lái)幾年的緊急醫(yī)療建筑領(lǐng)域樹(shù)立典范。通過(guò)引入能夠反映以社區(qū)為中心的獨(dú)立緊急醫(yī)療設(shè)施定位的建筑詩(shī)意，獨(dú)特的建筑改變了自身所在的社區(qū)并超越了項(xiàng)目本身。

Legacy ER in Allen,Texas aims to advance community access to high-quality healthcare services.Running a hybrid program comprising of urgent care and 24/7 emergency room functions,the 8,432-square-foot building containing urgent care exam and treatment rooms,along with administrative offices and clinical staff areas.The physician-owners asked the designers to craft the architecture to be a potent reflection of the organization’s identity and to elevate the quality of healthcare delivery within the community.By focusing the architecture on the patient and the staff,the quality of healthcare delivery is elevated and provides respite from the emotional distress relating to emergency medical situations.

The design of Legacy ER seeks to capture the dual role of its emergency medical professionals and the brand they represent,projecting outwardly the knowledge,skill,precision,and decisiveness necessary for the practice of emergency medicine,and reflecting inwardly the gentle,empathic,and humanistic qualities of the persons beneath the robe.It is realized simply through an architectural montage of sharply folded exterior robe of zinc panels and softly sculpted interior plastered planes.

The building's crisp edge profile was defined through an observation of the typical residential roof planes and was given a new tectonic vocabulary which enabled its programmatically driven transformation around the building.Zinc,the most sustainably sourced metal for construction,was selected for its inherent greyish-blue warmth and resiliency during extreme Texas weather events.Using the ordinary interlocking method of a standing seam roof,the zinc panels were diagrammed in accordance with the planar parameters of the folded planes to achieve the eventual patterning while optimizing solar shading.Gradient perforated panels were likewise mapped onto the exterior surfaces to allow for the diffusive building lighting effects.

In contrast to the precise geometry of the exterior,the interior spaces are designed to blur edges and to receive natural and artificial light softly.Views,volume,and light are elements that get repeated throughout the building.The atmospheric quality combination and interplay of these three elements continually morph the interior in response to the natural climatic conditions and poetically links the users to nature.At strategic intersections of the circulatory loop,skylights form a sensible system of wayfinding.The detailing of the interior skylights read as frameless apertures that puncture and stitch with the exterior membrane.The mirror aggregates in the polished concrete floor mix and the frosted glass panes reflect light and outdoor natural colors and create a pleasantly calming experience during the check-in process.

On a previously open pasture surrounded by commercially driven suburban residential subdivisions,chain stores,and strip centers,Legacy ER-Allen challenges the chronically lethargic context which lack identity of place through an architectural intervention that seeks to positively influence the environment beyond its lot line.The landscape design strategies aim to reconcile nature and constructed settings prevalent to the locality.

Sustainable site strategies for Legacy ER included providing almost three times the area of vegetated open space that was required by the City of Allen,a landscape design which includes only native and adapted vegetation,and a high efficiency irrigation system that will limit outdoor water use.The team chose to use low water use,drought-tolerant vegetation species such as Cedar Elm trees,Pink Muhly Grass,Weeping Lovegrass,and Buffalograss.In a region where turf grass lawns consume large quantities of potable water,the limited use of turf grass (and the use of buffalo grass where turf grass is installed) provides an example of attractive and environmentally responsible landscaping for future developments.Potable water is further conserved through low-flow plumbing fixtures and low-flow faucet aerators throughout the building.

The building envelope was designed to take advantage of passive solar design strategies so that it would be more energy efficient.The south-facing entry is surrounded by expansive glazing that allows daylight to penetrate deep into the building while limiting direct solar heat gain due to the extensive cantilevered roof overhangs and low solar heat gain coefficient of the glazing.The east facade,which only receives direct sunlight during the morning when outdoor temperatures are lower,also has expansive glazing with a generous 5-foot overhang.Due to its exposure to the harsh afternoon sun,the west facade has very limited glazing,and a perforated metal overhang shields the exam room glazing from direct solar heat gain and glare while still allowing in daylight and views to the outdoors.The north side of the building,which benefits from indirect light,includes an expansive skylight that blankets the interior core of the building with daylight without the disadvantage of direct solar heat gain.Other energy efficiency strategies implemented on the project include the use of high albedo roofing and the installation of energy-efficient fluorescent and LED light fixtures for interior and exterior lighting.

The building was designed and constructed to meet and exceed the high standards of the Texas Department of State Health Services’ Freestanding Emergency Medical Care Facilities Licensing Rules.The mechanical system was designed and installed to provide a high level of indoor air quality,which is particularly important in a healthcare environment.Low-emitting materials were specified to contribute toward a healthy indoor air quality,and interior architectural details were carefully designed to discourage the spread or accumulation of dirt,bacteria,and other potentially harmful particulate matter.Materials were specified to be durable and easy to maintain,to have a low embodied energy,and to have a long useful life cycle.

With the Legacy ER at Allen building,the quality of the architecture,in aesthetic and pragmatic terms alike,was intended to set a paradigm of emergency medical care architecture for years to come.The distinctive architecture has transformed the community it entered and transcended the program by introducing the architectural poetics reflecting upon the position a community-centric freestanding emergency medical care facility.

平面圖 plan

鋅材展開(kāi)示意圖 unfold zinc diagram