繁忙城市中的靜謐自然綠洲
——薩爾津亞爾水公園

SBM 工作室

薩爾津亞爾公園（Sarzhyn Yar park）位于烏克蘭東北部大型工業(yè)城市哈爾科夫（約200萬居民）的中部，哈爾科夫很大程度上是蘇聯(lián)工業(yè)時代的產(chǎn)物，其顯著特征是存在眾多的工廠建筑和大型住宅區(qū)。

這座城市的供水已幾乎枯竭。在過去的10年中，2條流經(jīng)城市的小河已變得過淺以至幾乎消失。峽谷中有一個活躍的名為薩爾津亞爾（Sarzhyn Yar）的淡水泉，水溫常年保持在7 ℃左右。在整修之前，公園主要被人們當(dāng)作獲取飲用水的地方，并且現(xiàn)在可利用的大部分區(qū)域原是長滿雜草、灌木叢生的沼澤地。

SBM工作室最初的任務(wù)是只翻新公園的中心部分，但后來SBM將項(xiàng)目擴(kuò)大到包括整個峽谷，并將該想法提請市議會。新的想法是創(chuàng)建一個17 hm2的水景公園，利用泉水創(chuàng)建一個如畫般的湖泊系統(tǒng)，并大大擴(kuò)展可供公眾享受的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。

這些湖泊是在水壩系統(tǒng)的作用下形成的。SBM使用祖輩們的技術(shù)，用泥土覆蓋湖底，同時用柳枝加固堤岸。大部分的樹木都被保存下來并被分成小島。為了使公眾欣賞到如畫的風(fēng)景，還環(huán)繞湖泊建立了一個人行道網(wǎng)絡(luò)。由于這里的水溫不超過9 ℃，水會使空氣降溫，因此這里的氣溫比城市其他地方的溫度低了4 ℃左右。這也是即使在最干燥的夏天，公園也擁有綠草和涼爽潮濕的空氣的原因。

1 公園設(shè)計(jì)概念圖Concept diagram of the park

2 利用泉水創(chuàng)建如畫般的湖泊系統(tǒng)A system of picturesque lakes was created with the help of spring water

3 原始野生植物幾乎完好無損The original wild plant life remains almost intact

4 設(shè)計(jì)了自行車立交橋以便將自行車和步行交通分開Bike overpasses were designed, in order to separate bike and foot traffic

5 大部分的樹木都被保存下來，并被分成小島Most trees are preserved and grouped into small islands

6 長長的金屬半透明樓梯連接公園區(qū)域的上下層A long metal semi-transparent staircase, joining the upper and lower levels of the park area

7 孩子們可以操縱挖掘機(jī)，挖出恐龍的殘骸Children can manipulate an excavator machine and dig out dinosaur remain

8 一個設(shè)有滑梯、蹦床、洞穴和火山的大型軟橡膠兒童游樂場，供年齡較大的孩子探索A large soft-rubber-covered children’s playground features slides, trampolines, caves and a volcano for older kids to explore

除了湖泊系統(tǒng)外，SBM還設(shè)計(jì)了2個立交橋，以便3.5 km長的自行車路線不穿過人行道，并設(shè)置了適合不同年齡段兒童的游樂場、運(yùn)動場以及用于瑜伽和健身活動的木平臺。其中一個木制兒童游樂場可供孩子們探索形狀和空間，另一個是為年齡較大的兒童設(shè)計(jì)的游樂場，以火山、洞穴、可供挖掘的隱藏恐龍、蹦床和其他活動為特色。

大約4 hm2的原始野生植物幾乎均被保留，唯一增加的是可欣賞大自然的礫石路和金屬條凳。SBM的首要任務(wù)之一就是盡可能使該地區(qū)保持原狀。整修工作使用的是純天然材料：金屬、木材、熟料磚和花崗巖篩網(wǎng)。

該項(xiàng)目實(shí)現(xiàn)了幾個重要的目標(biāo)：首先，公園吸引了更多的人來參觀，即便在天黑以后的時間；此外，照顧到了所有市民的訴求，他們的不同需求和偏好已被考慮在內(nèi)；最后，在不破壞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的情況下加強(qiáng)了該地區(qū)的自然特征，供公眾使用。

（編輯/劉昱霏）

獲獎情況：2020年烏克蘭國家風(fēng)景園林設(shè)計(jì)大賽“城市空間改造與振興”獎；“2021年房地產(chǎn)市場大獎”第一名

竣工年份：2019年

面積：17 hm2

項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn)：烏克蘭哈爾科夫

景觀/建筑公司：SBM工作室

網(wǎng)站：sbmstudio.com.ua

首席建筑師：奧爾加·克萊特曼、尤利婭·費(fèi)多連科

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)：克里斯蒂娜·穆哈、瑪麗安娜·甘扎、安娜·西特努克、尤利婭·米申科、卡特琳娜·阿哈福諾娃

工程：謝爾蓋·斯特里布爾、伊琳娜·斯特里布爾、萊博夫·阿諾希娜

客戶：哈爾科夫市議會

照片來源：伊萬·阿夫登科、謝爾蓋·斯維爾德洛夫、帕維爾·盧托夫

翻譯：夏春博

校對：顧驤

The Sarzhyn Yar park area is located in the central part of Kharkiv, a large industrial city (about 2 million inhabitants) in the north-east of Ukraine.Largely a product of USSR industrial era, Kharkiv’s distinctive features are numerous factory buildings and large residential areas.

The city’s luck in terms of water supply literally ran dry. Two small rivers running through the city became excessively shallow in the last 10 years and practically disappeared. There has always been a powerful freshwater spring in the ravine called Sarzhyn Yar. The temperature of the water stays is around 7 degrees Celsius all year round. Before the renovation the park was mainly used as a place to get drinking water, with much of the now-usable area being marshland overgrown with weeds and unkempt bushes.

The SBM’s initial task was to refurbish only the central part of the park, however we later expanded the project to include the whole ravine and presented it to the city council. The new idea was to create a 17-hectare water landscape park,using spring water to create a system of picturesque lakes and considerably expanding the infrastructure for the public to enjoy.

The lakes were created with the help of a system of dams. We used the technology of our ancestors and covered the bottom of lakes with clay while strengthening the banks with willow branches.Most trees were preserved and grouped into small islands. A network of footpaths around the lakes was created for the public to enjoy the picturesque views. Since the temperature of the water doesn’t exceed 9 degrees here, the water cools the air, which is about 4 degrees cooler here than in the rest of the city. This is why even in the driest of summers this place boasts green grass and cool moist air.

Apart from the system of lakes, two overpasses were designed (in order for the 3.5 km long bike route not to cross the pedestrian walkways), as well as children’s playgrounds for various ages, sports grounds, wooden terraces for yoga and fitness. One of the children’s playgrounds is wooden, for kids to explore shapes and space. Another one, featuring volcanos, caves, hidden dinosaurs for excavation,trampolines and other activities, was designed for older children.

9 迷宮般的悠閑漫步路線將帶領(lǐng)游客前往公園內(nèi)的各個目的地A maze of routes for leisurely strolls leads you to various destinations within the park

10 在炎熱的夏季，“水墻”用細(xì)水霧為游客降溫The “water wall” cools visitors with fine sprayed water during hot summer months

About 4 hectares of original wild plant life remained almost intact. The only addition came in the form of gravel paths and metallic wiring chairs for admiring the nature. One of our priorities was leaving as much of the area as possible in its original condition. Exclusively natural material was used for renovation work: metal, wood, clinker brick, granite screenings.

Several main objectives were accomplished in this project. Firstly, many more people visit the park, including the time after dark. Furthermore, all categories of citizens are catered for; their diverse needs and preferences have been taken into account.Finally, the natural features of the area were enhanced for public use without destroying the ecosystem.

(Editor / LIU Yufei)

Awards:The Grand Prix of the National Landscape Architecture and Garden Design Awards 2020‘Renovation and revitalization of city space’; first place in ‘Real Estate Market Awards 2021’

Completion Year:2019

Size:17 hm2

Project location:Kharkiv, Ukraine

Landscape/Architecture Firm:SBM Studio

Website:sbmstudio.com.ua

Lead Architects:Olga Kleytman, Yuliia Fedorenko

Design Team:Kristina Muha, Marianna Ganzha, Anna Sytnuk, Yuliia Mishchenko, Katerina Ahafonova

Engineering:Sergey Strybul, Irina Strybul, Lybov Anohina

Clients:Kharkiv City Council

Photo credits:Ivan Avdeenko, Sergey Sverdlov, Pavel Lutov

Translator:XIA Chunbo

Proofreading:GU Xiang