季明霞
進行時,一般由“be+doing”構成,多表示進行的動作或存在的狀態(tài),是英語基本時態(tài)之一,其用法是高考英語試卷的一個重要考查點。對此,筆者就英語進行時態(tài)的用法進行了盤點,以期同學們能夠準確把握。
一、強調動作的進行性
進行性,即說話的時刻正在進行或發(fā)生的動作,是進行時態(tài)最為基本的用法。比如:
① It was raining quietly and steadily and therewere little pools of water on the gravel drive . 雨一直靜靜地下著,沙礫車道上積起了一個小水洼。
②Listen!Children are singing an English song inthe classroom.聽!孩子們正在教室里唱英文歌。
③He was making a little fire from twigs and bitsof log.他正在用小樹枝和木塊生一小堆火。
④A new railway is being built in my hometown.我的家鄉(xiāng)正在建設一條新鐵路。
⑤She is reading a handbook on gardening. 她正在閱讀一本園藝手冊。
⑥ The survey implies that the number of citydwellers is growing. 調查顯示,城市居民的數(shù)量正在增長。
二、強調動作的將來性
進行時態(tài)除了表示正在進行的動作外,還可以用來表示近期內按照計劃、安排、打算等即將發(fā)生的動作,主觀性較強,常與 leave, go, come, start, begin, arrive, reach, return, stay, move, take, take off, set out 等位移動詞連用。例如:
①I’ve won a ticket for next week to Beijing, I amtaking my mum.我贏了一張下周去北京的票,我要帶我媽媽去。
②Would you please return to your seat? The planeis taking off soon. 請您回到您的座位上好嗎?飛機馬上要起飛了。
③The medical team is leaving tonight.醫(yī)療隊今晚就要出發(fā)了。
④What time are we starting tomorrow? 我們明天什么時候動身?
⑤The train is arriving in five minutes. 火車將在五分鐘以后到達。
⑥A storm is coming. Let’s get the wheat undercover quickly. 要變天啦,快把麥子收起來吧!
三、強調動作的習慣性
在英語中,當進行時與always, often, forever, constantly, continually, perpetually, all the time等頻度副詞連用時,往往表示頻繁、反復出現(xiàn)的習慣性動作或行為,且常常帶有贊揚、喜悅、驚訝、責備、反對、埋怨、厭煩等感情色彩。比如:
①The doctors are constantly perfecting their skills.醫(yī)生們對醫(yī)術總是精益求精。(贊揚)
②She is often thinking of how she could do more for the people.她經常想著怎樣才能為人民多做些事情。(贊賞)
③Why are you forever forgetting people’s names?為什么你老是記不住別人的名字呢?(埋怨)
④ Some? people? are? constantly? complaining? that they have too much work to do.有些人老是沒完沒了地抱怨他們干的工作太多了。(厭煩)
⑤If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must not be always smoking so much.如果你真希望自己身體健康,你不能總是吸那么多煙。(責備)
⑥ By perpetually asking for? sympathy an end is put to real friendship.若沒完沒了地要求同情,一段真正的友誼會被畫上句號。(反對)
四、強調語氣的委婉性
在英語中,有時出于禮貌、客套,常需要使用含蓄、委婉的語氣,而進行時態(tài)則是其表達法之一,它多與 want, hope, wonder, afraid等詞連用,主要用來提出請求,表示一種愿望或態(tài)度等。譬如:
① Told you I was wanting out of the cattle business.我告訴過你我不想再和牛打交道了。
②I’m afraid I must be cooking now.我想現(xiàn)在得做飯了。
③ She’s hoping to go to university next year.她希望明年能上大學。
④ I was hoping that you could help me with this? application form.我希望你能在這張申請表上幫幫我。
⑤ I'm wondering? if you’d like to come to my office to discuss the new project.我想問問你能不能來我辦公室討論一下這個新項目。
⑥ Iwaswonderingwhetheryouhadanycomments about that?請問您對此有何見解?
總之,進行時用法靈活多樣,除了可表示動作正在進行外,還具備表將來、表習慣、表委婉等特殊用法。在平時的英語學習中,同學們既要掌握時態(tài)的基本用法,又要留意其特殊用法,這樣才能切實學好時態(tài),正確運用時態(tài)。
(作者單位:江蘇省鹽城市第一中學)