魏海元
摘? 要:化學(xué)是一門以實(shí)驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ)的學(xué)科,對(duì)于初中生來說,他們剛開始接觸這門學(xué)科的時(shí)候常常是抱著濃厚的興趣的,而隨著學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),如果教師在化學(xué)教學(xué)中采取比較單一、保守的教學(xué)方法,會(huì)使教學(xué)顯得枯燥乏味,逐漸改變學(xué)生對(duì)這門學(xué)科的態(tài)度,使學(xué)生喪失興趣和信心。而化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)方法也直接決定著學(xué)生的化學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)興趣和學(xué)習(xí)效果。新課程改革更強(qiáng)調(diào)讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行自主學(xué)習(xí)、自主探索。為此,教師應(yīng)當(dāng)改變傳統(tǒng)化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)方法,進(jìn)行教學(xué)創(chuàng)新,為學(xué)生提供更多動(dòng)手操作實(shí)驗(yàn)、動(dòng)腦思考相關(guān)化學(xué)原理的機(jī)會(huì)。本文主要對(duì)初中化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了分析,同時(shí)提出了改進(jìn)化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)方法的有效策略。
關(guān)鍵詞:初中化學(xué);實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué);有效方法
【中圖分類號(hào)】G633.8????? 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A???????? 【文章編號(hào)】1005-8877(2021)27 -0109-02
Explore the Teaching Methods of Junior Middle School Chemistry Experiments
WEI Haiyuan? (Tianjiabing Middle School,Linxia County,Gansu Province,China)
【Abstract】Chemistry is an experiment-based subject. For junior high school students,they often have a keen interest when they first come into contact with this subject. With the extension of their learning time,if teachers are teaching chemistry Adopting a relatively simple and conservative teaching method in China will make teaching seem boring,gradually change students attitudes towards this subject,and make students lose interest and confidence. The teaching methods of chemistry experiments also directly determine the students' chemistry learning interest and learning effect. The new curriculum reform puts more emphasis on allowing students to study independently and explore independently. To this end,teachers should change the traditional teaching methods of chemistry experiments,carry out teaching innovations,and provide students with more opportunities to operate experiments and think about related chemical principles. This article mainly analyzes the current situation of junior middle school chemistry experiment teaching,and at the same time puts forward effective strategies to improve the teaching methods of chemistry experiment.
【Keywords】Junior high school chemistry;Experimental teaching;Effective methods
化學(xué)是一門重要的自然科學(xué),其知識(shí)內(nèi)容都是經(jīng)過實(shí)踐反復(fù)檢驗(yàn)的真理,實(shí)驗(yàn)是該門學(xué)科的基礎(chǔ)。對(duì)于初中生來說,這門學(xué)科的知識(shí)內(nèi)容比較抽象,尤其是剛開始接觸這門新學(xué)科的時(shí)候,雖然是抱著較強(qiáng)的好奇心以及濃厚的興趣開始學(xué)習(xí)的,但是隨著學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),學(xué)生會(huì)遇到越來越多的障礙。需要理解、記憶的化學(xué)知識(shí)不斷增多,加之教師課堂上枯燥乏味的講解和板書的教學(xué)形式,會(huì)讓學(xué)生對(duì)該門學(xué)科的學(xué)習(xí)積極性被逐漸打消。而要想使學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)化學(xué)的興趣得以維持,還需要充分發(fā)揮出化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的作用,讓學(xué)生在觀察、動(dòng)手操作、思考等過程中,發(fā)現(xiàn)更多學(xué)習(xí)化學(xué)的樂趣。同時(shí),通過化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn),也能夠化抽象的知識(shí)為直觀形象,使學(xué)生對(duì)知識(shí)的理解、記憶更為深刻,從而獲得良好的學(xué)習(xí)效果。本文主要分析了目前初中化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀,同時(shí)提出了有效開展化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)的措施。
1. 初中化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀分析
(1)教師教學(xué)思維固化,未能充分認(rèn)識(shí)化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)的重要性
在以往的化學(xué)教學(xué)中,受到條件限制,很多化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)無法開展,只能通過教師講解或是播放視頻的形式讓學(xué)生去了解。而隨著教學(xué)條件的不斷優(yōu)化,很多化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)都是有條件進(jìn)行的,教師卻未能對(duì)化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)的重要性有充分認(rèn)識(shí),認(rèn)為這對(duì)于考試的幫助不大,且化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)麻煩,浪費(fèi)時(shí)間,因此不愿開展化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)。這一方面降低了學(xué)生對(duì)化學(xué)學(xué)科的興趣,一方面限制了學(xué)生觀察能力、思維能力、探究能力、動(dòng)手能力的發(fā)展。