烤煙品種在宣威西南部中高海拔煙區(qū)的適應(yīng)性研究

錢進(jìn) 張軍剛 曹加園 陳彪 呂世保 王全貞 周玉思 王瑞寶 李遜 徐雪萍 潘義宏

摘要? [目的]為了篩選出適宜宣威西南部中高海拔煙區(qū)種植的優(yōu)質(zhì)烤煙品種。[方法]2020年在宣威板橋進(jìn)行田間對比試驗，研究了10個烤煙品種的大田生育時期、農(nóng)藝性狀、主要病害發(fā)生率、經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀以及初烤煙葉的含梗率、化學(xué)成分等方面的差異性。[結(jié)果]云煙97、云煙105、中川208和云煙116烤煙品種在大田中的長勢較好，大田生育期均在130 d左右;云煙116除赤星病發(fā)病率較高（495%）外，其他主要病害發(fā)生率均低于3.17%，較其他品種低;4個品種的經(jīng)濟(jì)價值較優(yōu)，產(chǎn)值均大于68 167.50元/hm2，生態(tài)適應(yīng)性好;平均含梗率較低，均在30.54%以下，其中以云煙105最低，為27.68%。10個烤煙品種下、中、上部位煙葉的化學(xué)成分綜合平均得分在0.41～053，煙葉化學(xué)協(xié)調(diào)性較差。其中，云煙87、云煙121、云煙123和中川208煙葉化學(xué)成分綜合得分較高，均在0.48以上。[結(jié)論]云煙97、云煙105、中川208、云煙116適宜在該煙區(qū)種植，但應(yīng)加強(qiáng)黑脛病、普通花葉病、赤星病和野火病的預(yù)防和防治，同時可以通過優(yōu)化施肥措施，栽培技術(shù)和烘烤工藝的研究，提高煙葉品質(zhì)和降低含梗率，提升煙葉等級結(jié)構(gòu)和產(chǎn)值產(chǎn)量，驅(qū)動品種內(nèi)在潛力，充分發(fā)揮品種生態(tài)和市場適應(yīng)性方面的優(yōu)勢。

關(guān)鍵詞 烤煙;品種;經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀;適應(yīng)性

中圖分類號 S 572? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼 A? 文章編號 0517-6611（2021）19-0024-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.19.006

開放科學(xué)（資源服務(wù)）標(biāo)識碼（OSID）：

Adaptability of Different Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties in Middle and High Altitude Tobacco Areas in Southwest Xuanwei

QIAN Jin1， ZHANG Jun-gang1， CAO Jia-yuan2 et al

（1. Qujing Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company， Qujing， Yunnan 655000;2. Yunnan Woojia Biotechnology Company Limited， Kunming， Yunnan 650106）

Abstract [Objective] To screen out high-quality flue-cured tobacco varieties suitable for planting in middle and high altitude tobacco areas in the southwest of Xuanwei. [Method] The field experiment was conducted in Banqiao， Xuanwei in 2020， and the field growth periods of 10 flue-cured tobacco varieties were studied， as well as agronomic traits， the incidence of major diseases， economic traits， stem content， chemical composition and other aspects of flue-cured tobacco leaves. [Result] The flue-cured tobacco varieties of Yunyan 97， Yunyan 105， Zhongchuan 208 and Yunyan 116 grew well in the field， and the field growth period was about 130 d. Except for the high incidence rate of brown spot （4.95%）， those of other major diseases of Yunyan 116 were lower than 3.17% ， which was lower than other varieties. The economic value and output of the four varieties were high， and the output values were all greater than 68 167.50 yuan/hm2， with good ecological adaptability;the average stem content rates were low， which were all below 30.54%. Among them， Yunyan 105 was the lowest， which was only 2768%. The comprehensive average scores of the chemical composition of the lower， middle and upper parts of the 10 varieties was between 0.41 and 0.53， and the chemical coordination of the tobacco leaves was poor.? Among them， Yunyan 87， Yunyan 121， Yunyan 123 and Zhongchuan 208 had relatively high comprehensive scores on the chemical composition of tobacco leaves， which were all above 0.48. [Conclusion] Yunyan 97， Yunyan 105， Zhongchuan 208， and Yunyan 116 were suitable for planting in this tobacco area， but the prevention and control of black shank， common mosaic， brown spot and wildfire should be strengthened， and fertilization measures could be optimized at the same time. The research of technology and baking process could improve the quality of tobacco leaves， reduce the stalk rate， increase the grade structure and output value of tobacco leaves， enhance the inherent potential of varieties， and give full play to the advantages of variety ecology and market adaptability.