楊衛(wèi)星 黃君 婁敏娟 林榮海
[關(guān)鍵詞] Th1/Th2;細胞因子;膿毒癥;臨床價值
[中圖分類號] R631? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-9701(2021)16-0056-04
Changes and clinical value of Th1/Th2 and its cytokines in patients with sepsis
YANG Weixing1? ?HUANG Jun2? ?LOU Minjuan1? ?LIN Ronghai1
1.Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou? ?317000, China; 2.Department of Neonatology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou? ?317000, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the changes and clinical value of Th1/Th2 and its cytokines in patients with sepsis. Methods A total number of 320 patients with sepsis treated in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 were selected as the observation group, and 300 healthy people were selected during the same period as the control group. The observation group were divided into 2 subgroups according to the acute physiology and chronic health APACHE-Ⅱ score. Patients with APACHE-Ⅱ score <20 were classified as the non-critical subgroup(192 patients), and patients with APACHE-Ⅱ score ≥20 were classified as the critical subgroup (128 patients). The general clinical data of the two groups were collected. The serum levels of Th1, Th2, IFN-γ, and IL-4 in the observation group were compared with those in the control group before and after treatment. Results The general clinical data of the two groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). Before treatment, the Th1 proportion, Th1/Th2 ratio, IFN-γ level, and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group; the Th2 proportion and IL-4 level in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group. After treatment, the Th1 proportion, Th1/Th2 ratio, IFN-γ level, and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in the observation group were significantly increased, but still lower than those in the control group; the Th2 proportion and IL-4 level in the observation group were significantly decreased, but still higher than those in the control group. Before treatment, the Th1 proportion, Th1/Th2 ratio, IFN-γ level, and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in the critical subgroup were significantly lower than those in the non-critical subgroup; the Th2 proportion and IL-4 level in the critical subgroup were significantly higher than those in the non-critical subgroup. After treatment, the Th1 proportion, Th1/Th2 ratio, IFN-γ level, IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in the critical subgroup were significantly increased, but still lower than those in the non-critical subgroup; the Th2 proportion and IL-4 level in the critical subgroup were significantly decreased, but still higher than those in the non-critical subgroup. Conclusion Patients with sepsis have decreased Th1/Th2 ratio and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio. As the disease worsens, such ratios decrease more significantly, and immune function is suppressed. After treatment, the conversion of Th1 to Th2 is corrected. The Th1/Th2 ratio can be used to determine immune status.
[Key words] Th1/Th2; Cytokines; Sepsis; Clinical value
膿毒癥可引發(fā)休克、多器官功能衰竭,甚至死亡[1-3]。膿毒癥死亡的患者脾臟內(nèi)出現(xiàn)大量凋亡的T淋巴細胞,T淋巴細胞數(shù)目及功能顯著下降[4]。機體免疫系統(tǒng)內(nèi)CD4+T淋巴細胞重要的一個亞群是輔助性T細胞(helper T cell,Th細胞),根據(jù)細胞的具體功能又分為Th1細胞、Th2細胞,共同反映免疫系統(tǒng)的功能狀況[5],Th1分泌的細胞因子主要有γ-干擾素(interferon-γ, IFN-γ)、白細胞介素-2(interleukin-2, IL-2),Th2分泌的細胞因子主要有白細胞介素-4(interleukin-4, IL-4)、白細胞介素-10(interleukin-10, IL-10)。機體炎癥反應-抗炎反應的免疫平衡基礎(chǔ)是Th1/Th2平衡,Th1/Th2、IFN-γ/ IL-4可對機體的免疫功能產(chǎn)生重要影響[7]。本課題旨在研究Th1/Th2及其細胞因子在膿毒癥患者中的改變和臨床價值,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1臨床資料
選擇2017年1月至2019年12月我院治療的膿毒癥患者進行研究,納入標準:均符合由《中國嚴重膿毒癥/膿毒癥性休克治療指南(2014版)》擬定的膿毒癥臨床診斷標準[8];年齡為18~75歲;發(fā)病24 h內(nèi)入院。排除標準:患有惡性腫瘤;合并心、肝、腎、肺等其他重要器官的功能受損;患者生命體征不穩(wěn)定或有休克風險;有慢性感染性疾病、傳染性疾病、免疫性疾病等;近期接受抗生素、激素、免疫調(diào)節(jié)劑等藥物治療;處于妊娠期、哺乳期;患有精神類疾病,無法配合研究。
根據(jù)上述標準,共納入320例膿毒癥患者作為本課題的觀察組,選擇同時期來我院體檢的300例健康人作為對照組。本課題已通過我院醫(yī)學倫理委員會審議,患者及其家屬均簽署本研究的知情同意書。
1.2方法
收集研究對象的一般臨床資料,如年齡、性別、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)等。觀察組患者入院后進行積極的液體復蘇治療、對癥支持治療等。觀察組根據(jù)急性生理與慢性健康A(chǔ)PACHE-Ⅱ評分[6]分為2個亞組:APACHE-Ⅱ評分<20分為非危重亞組(n=192),APACHE-Ⅱ評分≥20分為危重亞組(n=128)。采集觀察組入院治療前、治療5日后及對照組的晨起空腹外周靜脈血標本各5 mL,將各組標本分為2份,分別采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(ELISA)檢測血清中IFN-γ、IL-4水平,使用流式細胞儀測定Th1、Th2細胞數(shù)目及比值,其中,以IFN-γ+CD4+CD3+ T細胞代表Th1細胞,以IL-4+CD4+CD3+ T細胞代表Th2細胞。
1.3統(tǒng)計學分析
采用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計學軟件對本次研究的數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計處理分析,計量資料以均數(shù)±標準差(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗;計數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗,以P<0.05表示差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1兩組的一般臨床資料比較
兩組的一般臨床資料,如年齡、性別、BMI比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。見表1。
2.2 觀察組治療前、后與對照組Th1/Th2水平比較
治療前,觀察組Th1占比及Th1/Th2比值明顯低于對照組(P<0.05)、Th2占比明顯高于對照組(P<0.05);治療后,觀察組Th1占比及Th1/Th2比值明顯提高(P<0.05)、Th2占比明顯下降(P<0.05),但觀察組Th1占比及Th1/Th2比值仍明顯低于對照組(P<0.05)、Th2占比仍明顯高于對照組(P<0.05)。見表2。
2.3 觀察組2個亞組治療前、后Th1/Th2水平比較
治療前,危重亞組Th1占比及Th1/Th2比值明顯低于非危重亞組(P<0.05)、Th2占比明顯高于非危重亞組(P<0.05);治療后,兩亞組Th1占比及Th1/Th2比值明顯提高(P<0.05)、Th2占比明顯下降(P<0.05),但危重亞組Th1占比及Th1/Th2比值仍明顯低于非危重亞組(P<0.05)、Th2占比仍明顯高于非危重亞組(P<0.05)。見表3。
2.4 觀察組治療前、后與對照組血清IFN-γ、IL-4水平比較
治療前,觀察組IFN-γ及IFN-γ/IL-4比值明顯低于對照組(P<0.05)、IL-4明顯高于對照組(P<0.05);治療后,觀察組IFN-γ及IFN-γ/IL-4比值明顯提高(P<0.05)、IL-4明顯下降(P<0.05),但觀察組IFN-γ及IFN-γ/IL-4比值仍明顯低于對照組(P<0.05)、IL-4仍明顯高于對照組(P<0.05)。見表4。
2.5 觀察組2個亞組治療前、后血清IFN-γ、IL-4水平比較
治療前,危重亞組IFN-γ及IFN-γ/IL-4比值明顯低于非危重亞組(P<0.05)、IL-4明顯高于非危重亞組(P<0.05);治療后,兩亞組IFN-γ及IFN-γ/IL-4比值明顯提高(P<0.05)、IL-4明顯下降(P<0.05),但危重亞組IFN-γ及IFN-γ/IL-4比值仍明顯低于非危重亞組(P<0.05)、IL-4仍明顯高于非危重亞組(P<0.05)。見表5。
3 討論
膿毒癥可由創(chuàng)傷、手術(shù)、嚴重感染等引發(fā),嚴重者可引起患者休克或死亡。近年來,隨著抗菌藥物的研發(fā)及應用、外科手術(shù)的進步,膿毒癥的預防及治療有較大進展,但死亡率仍較高[9]。據(jù)研究,免疫功能失調(diào)、炎癥反應、基因多樣性等均可影響膿毒癥的發(fā)生,其中,炎癥反應-抗炎反應的平衡失調(diào)可誘發(fā)膿毒癥的病情加重,甚則休克、多器官功能衰竭[10-11]。據(jù)報道,膿毒癥患者的在不同階段機體免疫系統(tǒng)可處于抑制、激活、紊亂等不同的狀態(tài)[12]。正常的機體免疫系統(tǒng)內(nèi),Th細胞分化為Th1、Th2兩種,其中,Th1細胞分泌的促進炎癥反應的細胞因子IFN-γ、IL-2主要參與機體的細胞免疫,Th2細胞分泌的抗炎癥反應的細胞因子IL-4、IL-10主要參與機體的體液免疫,Th1、Th2及其分泌的多種細胞因子,可互相調(diào)節(jié)、抑制,維持Th1/Th2平衡[13-14]。若機體發(fā)生免疫應答反應,某種Th細胞可反饋性地強化自身并抑制另一種Th細胞,出現(xiàn)Th1/Th2失衡[15]。
據(jù)報道,膿毒癥患者體內(nèi),巨噬細胞在機體組織受損或者內(nèi)毒素等因子的刺激下,可釋放大量白細胞介素-1-β(IL-1β)、α-腫瘤壞死因子(TNF-α)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)[16-17],PGE2對IFN-γ、IL-2等細胞因子的釋放具有強烈的抑制作用,對IL-4、IL-10等細胞因子的釋放具有明顯的刺激作用,可導致Th1向Th2的轉(zhuǎn)化[18]。機體下丘腦-垂體-腎上腺軸在膿毒癥患者感染的刺激下,可分泌大量糖皮質(zhì)激素,進而誘發(fā)IkB合成、抑制NF-kB及炎癥因子的分泌,增強Th2細胞的分化[19-20]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),治療前,觀察組Th1占比、Th1/Th2比值、IFN-γ水平、IFN-γ/IL-4比值均明顯低于對照組,Th2占比、IL-4水平明顯高于對照組,可見,膿毒癥患者出現(xiàn)Th1、IFN-γ下降,Th2、IL-4增多,Th1向Th2轉(zhuǎn)化,出現(xiàn)免疫抑制,與前人報道一致。治療后,觀察組Th1占比、Th1/Th2比值、IFN-γ水平、IFN-γ/IL-4比值均明顯提高,但仍低于對照組,Th2占比、IL-4水平明顯下降,但仍高于對照組,可見,治療可糾正免疫抑制狀態(tài),但仍未達到正常水平。本研究中觀察組根據(jù)患者病情分為兩個亞組,發(fā)現(xiàn)治療前危重亞組Th1占比、Th1/Th2比值、IFN-γ水平、IFN-γ/IL-4比值均明顯低于非危重亞組,Th2占比、IL-4水平明顯高于非危重亞組,可見,膿毒癥病情較重者Th1向Th2轉(zhuǎn)化及免疫抑制程度更重。治療后,危重亞組Th1占比、Th1/Th2比值、IFN-γ水平、IFN-γ/IL-4比值均明顯提高,但仍低于非危重亞組,Th2占比、IL-4水平明顯下降,但仍高于非危重亞組,可見,危重亞組經(jīng)過治療仍處于較重的免疫抑制狀態(tài),治療效果不如非危重亞組。
綜上,膿毒癥患者出現(xiàn)Th1細胞免疫應答下降、Th2細胞免疫應答提高,Th1/Th2比值、IFN-γ/IL-4比值降低,機體免疫功能處于抑制狀態(tài),治療后,可糾正Th1向Th2轉(zhuǎn)化,可根據(jù)Th1/Th2比值判斷機體的免疫狀態(tài)。膿毒癥患者機體免疫功能的進一步轉(zhuǎn)變,仍有待深入研究。
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(收稿日期:2021-01-09)