何怡玲 姚毅 謝湘?zhèn)?/p>
摘要:隨著Internet商用化所帶動的視頻、音頻及數字通信的發(fā)展,人們對光纖通信寄予了更高的希望,渴望能發(fā)現一種無論是在速率方面還是在容量方面都優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)無線網絡的技術,OFDM技術所具備的各項優(yōu)點讓其在光通信領域中脫穎而出,被視作光通信領域的未來之光。但OFDM技術并不局限于此,而是一直向新領域擴展并嘗試與各個領域結合。光正交頻分復用技術(Optical orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Technology,O-OFDM)便是OFDM技術向其他領域擴展的成果之一,OFDM技術與光通信的結合可謂是天作之合,不足的是光正交頻分復用技術具有較高的峰均功率比。不僅如此,頻率偏移和相位噪聲對系統(tǒng)的影響也較大。該文分析了光正交頻分復用技術的原理、優(yōu)缺點、高峰均比對光正交頻分復用系統(tǒng)的影響和措施以及頻譜偏移對系統(tǒng)的影響和抑制措施。
關鍵詞:正交頻分復用;光正交頻分復用;峰均功率比;頻率偏移
Abstract: As Internet commercially by the development of video, audio, and digital communication, people had higher hopes for optical fiber communication, eager to find a kind of both in terms of speed and in capacity is superior to the traditional wireless network technology, OFDM technology has the advantages of let it stand out in the field of optical communication, is seen as the light of the future in the field of optical communication. However, OFDM technology is not limited to this, but has been expanding into new fields and trying to combine with various fields. Optical orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Technology (Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Technology, O - OFDM) is extended to other fields of one OFDM Technology, the combination of OFDM Technology and Optical communication is a match made in heaven, high speed and large capacity of OFDM Technology in the field of Optical communication is play incisively and vividly, is the lack of Optical orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Technology has high peak power ratio. Not only that, frequency offset and phase noise have great influence on the system. In this paper, the principle, advantages and disadvantages of OFDM technology are analyzed, and the method to solve the high peak-to-average ratio of the system and the measures to suppress the influence of spectrum offset on the system are studied.
Key words: orthogonal frequency division multiplexing; optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing; peak to average power ratio; frequency deviation
1引言
在20世紀初,科研人員發(fā)現OFDM技術與光通信兩者相輔相成,在光通信中OFDM技術的優(yōu)點被發(fā)揮得淋漓盡致,當時“OFDM技術與光通信的融合”的研究與開發(fā)熱潮席卷全世界。OFDM技術在光通信中的運用,不僅讓OFDM技術得到了新的發(fā)展,也讓“信息地球村”項目變得越來越清晰。正交頻分復用技術由于它自身所具有的優(yōu)點被廣泛應用于各個領域,使它在移動通信中的地位變得非常重要,成為不可缺少的一部分,以至于在未來移動通信的標準中它依然是首選傳輸技術。不足的是,O-OFDM系統(tǒng)傳輸存在兩個主要的問題等待著后人的解決,即對頻譜偏移的敏感性和峰均比(Peak-to-Average Power Ratio,PAPR)很高。
2 O-OFDM系統(tǒng)原理
O-OFDM系統(tǒng)基本結構如圖1所示。通過星座映射將信號反射到信號相對應的復數形式,之后對映射的信號進行IFFT,這就是O-OFDM的調制部分,之后這些并行的子載波經過PS以及數模轉換即為O-OFDM信號,該信號通過光電轉換之后變成電信號,又利用模數轉換以及串并轉換之后再通過傅里葉變換就完成了解調,解調之后每一個子載波的調制信號即可恢復,最后通過串并轉換恢復到最開始的數據流,并且恢復到二進制的數據。解調是調制的逆過程,它利用FFT將一個O-OFDM信號分解成許多個子載波信號,調制則是利用IFFT將許多個子載波信號合并為一個O-OFDM信號。O-OFDM和OFDM有著相同的基本思想內容,都是將實驗中要傳輸的數據流通過若干個載波信號分解為多個比特流。這些被子載波分解后的子數據被用于調節(jié)很多個載波,但是被分解后的子數據都有著很低的傳輸比特速率。若要完成多載波調制,可以通過多載波調制技術概念的基礎上完成OFDM技術的實現,這種技術讓各個不同的子載波相互正交,從而克服多載波通信技術中頻譜利用率較低的缺陷。