非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語辨析

非謂語動(dòng)詞是英語高考重要考點(diǎn)之一，而非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語更是重點(diǎn)中的難點(diǎn)。在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)和操練中，非謂語動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤率是比較高的。所以，同學(xué)們在學(xué)習(xí)中要理清思路，掌握要點(diǎn)，善于辨析，準(zhǔn)確判斷。請看以下例題：

例1 Though he was busy， he came_____me from time to time.

A. seeing B. to see

C. seen D. see

例2 The moment he knew the news， he came_____to me.

A. running B. to run

C. ran D. run

分析例1答案為B，例2答案為A。那么，謂語動(dòng)詞同樣是came， 為何后面所跟的非謂語動(dòng)詞卻不同呢？原因很簡單，例1中came后面所跟的非謂語動(dòng)詞作目的狀語，故用動(dòng)詞不定式to see; 而例2中came后面所帶的非謂語動(dòng)詞雖然也作狀語，但表示行為方式，所以要用分詞表達(dá)。

動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞都可以在句中作狀語，但意義有所區(qū)別。

動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語時(shí)，通常表示目的或結(jié)果。表示目的時(shí)可用 in order to do， so as to do 或直接用 to do 表達(dá);表示結(jié)果時(shí)，常用too…to do， so…as to do/so as to do， enough to do， never to do， only to do等形式。其中，so as to 既可以表目的也可以表結(jié)果，但 so as to 不能用于句首。而分詞作狀語時(shí)則用來表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況等。根據(jù)這一基本規(guī)則，我們就不難理解本文開頭兩道例題的解答了，語境不同，謂語動(dòng)詞 come 之后的表達(dá)方式也就不同。

反饋演練

1. ________ good care of， these trees could have grown better.

A. Taken B. To take

C. Taking D. Take

2. Tom pretended to know nothing about the accident________ his job.

A. so not as to lose B. not losing

C. not lost D. not lose

3. ________ in passing the exam， one needs to be diligent.

A. In order to succeed B. So as to succeed

C. Succeeding D. Succeeded

4. He made a long speech ________ his ignorance of the subject.

A. only to show B. only showing

C. showing D. enough to show

5. Sarah appeared happy， ________ nothing about the argument.

A. say B. said

C. to say D. saying

6. I had wanted to turn to Tom. Then， ________ that he could do nothing to help， I changed my mind.

A. to realize B. realized

C. realizing D. realize

7. ________ into English， the book becomes popular and sells well in different countries.

A. Translating B. Translated

C. To translate D. To be translated

8. ________ to bed a bit earlier， you will wake up every morning ________ energetic and ready to start a new day.

A. Going; feel B. Go; to feel

C. Going; feeling D. To go; felt

9. ________ for too many mistakes in his composition， John was very disappointed.

A. To blame B. Blamed

C. Blaming D. To be blamed

10. Would you please be kind enough ________ me a favour？

A. help B. helping

C. helped D. to help