選修8第3單元重點(diǎn)單詞

周敏欣

1. seize [si?z] vt.

? 抓住;捉住

He seized her by the arm. 他抓住她的胳膊。

? 奪取;攻占;控制

They seized the airport in a surprise attack. 他們突襲攻占了機(jī)場(chǎng)。

? 逮捕;捉拿;俘獲

The thief was seized and turned over to a police station. 小偷被逮捕，并被送至警察局。

? 起獲;沒收;扣押

A large quantity of drugs was seized during the raid. 在這次突擊行動(dòng)中起獲了大量毒品。

seize on / upon sth. 意識(shí)到某事物而立即加以利用

The rumors were eagerly seized upon by the local press. 當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙迫不及待地對(duì)這些傳聞加以炒作。

seize up （指開動(dòng)著的機(jī)器） 停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn);發(fā)生故障

Your engine will seize up if you dont put some more oil in. 你再不加些潤(rùn)滑油，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)就要卡住了。

易混辨析seize， arrest， capture， catch與trap

這些動(dòng)詞均有“抓住、捕捉”之意。seize側(cè)重指突然、有力地抓住或捉住;arrest指根據(jù)法律或命令進(jìn)行逮捕并予以監(jiān)禁或拘留;capture指通過武力或計(jì)謀等，戰(zhàn)勝并捉住敵人或動(dòng)物;catch是普通用詞，指捉住跑動(dòng)或隱藏中的人或動(dòng)物，一般指活捉;trap多指誘捕。

【考題鏈接】 The men were? ? ? ? ?as they left the building.

答案：seized

2. file [faIl]

? [C] 文件夾;卷宗;檔案

A stack of files awaited me on my desk. 我桌上有一堆文件正待我去處理。

? [C] （計(jì)算機(jī)的）文件

Every file on the same disk must have a different name. 同一磁盤上的每一個(gè)文件都必須有不同的文件名。

? vt. 提交;發(fā)送

A number of them have filed formal complaints against the police. 他們中的許多人都對(duì)警方提出了正式控告。

? vt. 將……歸檔

When at home， most evenings would be spent reading， cutting up and filing away his photographs. 他晚上在家時(shí)，經(jīng)常都是在看書或剪切和歸類他的照片。

on file 存檔;歸檔

We have all your particulars on file. 我們已把你所有資料存檔。

in single file一路縱隊(duì);單行

They made their way in single file along the cliff path. 他們一個(gè)跟著一個(gè)沿懸崖小徑前行。

【考題鏈接】 There are a couple more? ? ? ? ?to read first.

答案：files

3. bear [be?（r）]

? [C] 熊

Polly was playing with her teddy bear. 波莉正在玩她的泰迪熊。

? vt. 忍受;忍耐

They will have to bear the misery of living in constant fear of war. 他們不得不忍受長(zhǎng)期生活在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)恐懼中的痛苦。

? vt. 負(fù)擔(dān);承擔(dān)

If there is anything wrong， you have to bear the responsibility. 如果出現(xiàn)問題，你就得承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

? vt. 開（花）;結(jié)（果）

As the plants grow and start to bear fruit they will need a lot of water. 當(dāng)植物生長(zhǎng)并開始結(jié)果的時(shí)候，它們需要大量的水。

like a bear with a sore head 易怒的;脾氣壞的

When hes just woken up， he is like a bear with a sore head. 他剛睡醒時(shí)，非常暴躁。

bring sth. to bear （on sb. / sth.） 把精力用于;對(duì)……施加壓力（或影響等）

We must bring all our energies to bear on the task. 我們必須全力以赴不辱使命。

bear with sb. / sth. 耐心對(duì)待;容忍

If you will bear with me a little longer， Ill answer your question. 你如果能耐心點(diǎn)聽我把話說完，我會(huì)回答你的問題的

派生詞bearable adj. 可忍受的;經(jīng)得住的

The climate is bearable. 這種氣候尚可忍受。

易混辨析bear， endure， stand， tolerate與put up with

這組詞都有“忍受，忍耐”之意。bear強(qiáng)調(diào)忍受者的堅(jiān)韌;endure比較正式，尤指忍受大的、持久的困難、痛苦、災(zāi)禍，常用于否定意義的句子中;stand意為“忍受，頂住”，多用于口語(yǔ)中，常用于否定句中，若用于肯定句，則意為“不屈不撓、經(jīng)受得起”;tolerate意為“容忍”，語(yǔ)氣較前幾個(gè)詞弱;put up with與tolerate意義相近，有“不計(jì)較、將就”之意，多用于口語(yǔ)。

【考題鏈接】 He can't? ? ? ? ?being laughed at.

答案：bear

4. tap [t?p]

? [C] （水）龍頭

She turned on the taps. 她打開了那些龍頭。

? [C] 輕輕地敲擊（……聲）

He felt a tap on his shoulder and turned round. 他覺得有人輕輕拍他的肩膀便轉(zhuǎn)過身來。

? vt. 輕打;輕拍;輕敲

Someone tapped at the door.有人輕輕叩門。

? vt. （在電話上） 安裝竊聽器;竊聽

He was convinced his phone was being tapped. 他確信自己的電話正被人竊聽。

on tap 現(xiàn)成的;隨時(shí)可獲得的

Filtered water is always on tap， making it very convenient to use. 隨時(shí)打開龍頭都有過濾水，用起來很方便。

【考題鏈接】 She felt a light? ? ? ? ?on her shoulder.

答案：tap

5. distinguish [dI?stIwI?]

? vt. 顯示……的差別;使有所不同

What was it that distinguished her from her classmates？ 是什么使得她有別于班上其他同學(xué)呢？

? vt. 區(qū)分;辨別;分清

It was hard to distinguish one twin from the other. 很難分辨出一對(duì)雙胞胎誰(shuí)是誰(shuí)。

? vt. 使出眾;使著名;使受人青睞

She has already distinguished herself as an athlete. 作為運(yùn)動(dòng)員她已享有盛名。

? vi. 區(qū)別;辨別

People who cannot distinguish between colors are said to be color-blind. 不能分辨顏色的人被稱為色盲。

distinguish A from B 分辨;區(qū)別

Can he distinguish right from wrong？ 他能分辨是非嗎？

派生詞 ? distinguishable adj. 可辨認(rèn)的;可辨識(shí)的

The coast was barely distinguishable in the mist. 在霧中很難看清海岸。

? distinguished adj. 卓越的;杰出的;（外表或舉止上）有尊嚴(yán)的;高貴的

She is a distinguished novelist and philosopher. 她是一個(gè)杰出的小說家和哲學(xué)家。

易混辨析distinguish， discern與discriminate

這些動(dòng)詞均有“區(qū)別、辨別”之意。distinguish是普通用詞，指辨別者的能力或?qū)嶋H觀察到的區(qū)別，強(qiáng)調(diào)辨別所需的技巧;discern語(yǔ)義較籠統(tǒng)，著重精深與準(zhǔn)確的觀察力，不一定有能分辨關(guān)系密切的各項(xiàng)事物的含義;discriminate語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，指從十分相似的事物中辨出差異，尤其把好壞區(qū)分開來。

【考題鏈接】 Its important to? ? ? ? ?fact from fiction.

答案：distinguish

6. associate [??s??sIeIt]

? vt. 聯(lián)想;聯(lián)系

I always associate the smell of baking with my childhood. 一聞到烘烤食物的味道我就想起了童年。

associate sb. / sth. with sb. / sth. 將（人或事物）聯(lián)系起來

Whisky is usually associated with Scotland. 人們常把威士忌和蘇格蘭聯(lián)系起來。

? vt. 交往;（尤指）混在一起

I don't like you associating with those people. 我不喜歡你和那些人混在一起。

? vt. 表明支持;表示同意

I have never associated myself with political extremism. 我從來不贊同政治上的極端主義。

? adj. 非正式的;準(zhǔn)的;副的

Mr. Lin is associate director of the Institute 林先生是研究所的副所長(zhǎng)。

? [C] 同伴;伙伴

They are associates in crime. 他們是共犯。

派生詞 association [U] 聯(lián)合;聯(lián)系;聯(lián)盟

His English improved enormously because of his association with British people. 因?yàn)樗陀?guó)人有往來，所以他的英語(yǔ)突飛猛進(jìn)。

易混辨析associate， companion， comrade， colleague， fellow與partner

這些名詞均有“同事、伙伴”之意。associate是普通用詞，側(cè)重指在利害關(guān)系上密切相關(guān);companion指陪伴他人的人，即同伴或陪伴;comrade指具有共同的事業(yè)、利益關(guān)系相一致的人;colleague一般用于對(duì)同事的正式稱呼，基本上專用在職業(yè)關(guān)系上;fellow多用復(fù)數(shù)形式，指一塊居住、生活或同行共事的人;partner指事業(yè)中處于合伙關(guān)系的人，或指婚姻、游戲、跳舞中的另一方。

【考題鏈接】 Our? ? ? ? ?with him goes back four years.

答案：association

7. practical [?pr?ktIkl] adj.

? 實(shí)際的;真實(shí)的;客觀存在的

There are some obvious practical applications of the research. 這項(xiàng)研究中有一些明顯的實(shí)際用途。

? （意見和方法）切實(shí)有效的;可行的

It wouldnt be practical for us to go all that way just for the weekend. 我們跑那么遠(yuǎn)只為了去度個(gè)周末實(shí)在很不切實(shí)際。

for （all） practical purposes事實(shí)上;其實(shí)

The sale was supposed to last for a week， but for all practical purposes it's over. 減價(jià)銷售原計(jì)劃持續(xù)一周，但事實(shí)上已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。

派生詞 ? practically adv. 實(shí)事求是地;實(shí)際地

She solved the problem very practically. 她很實(shí)事求是地解決了這個(gè)問題。

? practicality [U] 現(xiàn)實(shí)性;實(shí)用性

He questioned the practicality of the proposal. 他對(duì)該建議的可行性表示懷疑。

【考題鏈接】 She offered me? ? ? ? ?assistance with my research.

答案：practical

8. identification [aI?dentIfI?keI?n] n.

? [U， C] 鑒定;辨認(rèn)

Each product has a number for easy identification. 每件產(chǎn)品都有編碼以便于識(shí)別。

Only one witness could make a positive identification. 只有一位目擊者能夠明確指認(rèn)。

? [U] 確認(rèn);確定

The early identification of children with special educational needs is very important. 早期確認(rèn)兒童有特殊教育需求很重要。

? [U] 身份證明

Can I see some identification， please？ 請(qǐng)出示任何身份證件好嗎？

派生詞identify v.

? vt. 確認(rèn);驗(yàn)明

Identify how the incident occurred. 確認(rèn)事故如何發(fā)生。

? vi. 一致;成為一致

I identified with the heroine of the novel. 我與小說中的那個(gè)女主人公感同身受。

【考題鏈接】 Now that the problem has been? ? ? ? ?， appropriate action can be taken.

答案：identified

10. innocent [?In?snt] adj.

? 無辜的;清白的;無罪的

They have imprisoned an innocent man. 他們監(jiān)禁了一名無辜的男子。

? 天真無邪的;純真的

They seemed so young and innocent. 他們看起來如此少不更事。

派生詞 innocently adv. 故作天真地;佯裝無知地

I caught Chrissie's eye， but she only smiled back at me innocently. 我與克麗茜對(duì)視了一眼，但她只是一臉天真地對(duì)我微笑。

【考題鏈接】 She smiled at me? ? ? ? ?when she saw me.

答案：innocently

11. abrupt [??br?pt] adj.

? 突然的;意外的

The bus came to an abrupt halt. 公共汽車突然停了下來。

I don't know the cause of his abrupt leave. 我不知道他突然離去的原因。

an abrupt bend 急轉(zhuǎn)彎

Here the river takes an abrupt bend to the west. 這條河在這里急轉(zhuǎn)向西流去。

? （言語(yǔ)、行為等） 粗魯?shù)?，唐突的，莽撞的，生硬?/p>

Sorry， I didn't mean to be so abrupt. 對(duì)不起，我不是故意這樣無禮的。

an abrupt manner唐突的舉止

Alan was a little taken aback by her abrupt manner. 她魯莽的態(tài)度讓艾倫感到有些吃驚。

派生詞 ? abruptly adv. 突然地，意外地

She left the room abruptly without explanation. 她未作解釋就突然離開了房間。

? abruptness n. 突然，意外

The abruptness of her appearance at the meeting surprised us all. 她在會(huì)議上突然出現(xiàn)使我們吃了一驚。

【考題鏈接】 She always sounds? ? ? ? ?on the telephone.

答案：abrupt

12. convenient [k?n?vi?ni?nt]

? adj. 便利的，方便的

Please do this job at your convenience. 請(qǐng)?jiān)谀惴奖愕臅r(shí)候做這項(xiàng)工作。

Will 3 o'clock be convenient for you？ 三點(diǎn)鐘對(duì)你方便嗎？

? adj. 合適的

We must arrange a convenient time and place for the seminar. 我們必須為這次研討會(huì)安排一個(gè)合適的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)。

派生詞 ? inconvenient adj. 不方便的

Its very inconvenient to have to wait so long. 等這么久很麻煩。

? convenience n. 便利，有益，方便的用具、機(jī)械、安排

It was a great convenience to have the school so near. 學(xué)校這么近真是太方便了。

for convenience 為方便起見

For convenience， the two groups have been treated as one in this report. 為方便起見，這兩個(gè)組在本報(bào)告中被視為一組。

【考題鏈接】 Will it be? ? ? ? ?for you to start work tomorrow？

答案：convenient

13. discovery [dI?sk?v?rI] n.

? 發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)覺;（劇情的）發(fā)展;被發(fā)現(xiàn)的事物

I'm reading about a new discovery in medical science. 我正在讀一篇有關(guān)醫(yī)藥科學(xué)的新發(fā)現(xiàn)的文章。

His discoveries included 300 uses for peanuts and 200 uses for sweet potatoes. 他的發(fā)現(xiàn)包括300種花生的用途和200種白薯的用途。

The discovery of oil on their land made the people rapidly rich. 石油的發(fā)現(xiàn)使當(dāng)?shù)厝搜杆俑辉Ｆ饋怼?/p>

易混辨析：discover與invent

這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞都有“發(fā)現(xiàn)”之意。Discover側(cè)重指“發(fā)現(xiàn);發(fā)覺”，而invent側(cè)重指“發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造”。

14. prove [pru?v] v.

? vt. 證明;證實(shí)

He has proved his courage in battles. 他已在戰(zhàn)斗中證明了自己的勇氣。

Time would prove me （to be） right. 時(shí)間會(huì)證明我是對(duì)的。

? vi. 原來（是）;證明（是）

The method proved （to be） highly effective. 這個(gè)方法被證明是非常有效的。

【考題鏈接】 In the light of later events the decision was? ? ? ? ?right.

答案：proved