Tips on How to Study Smarter,Not Longer如何更聰明地學(xué)習(xí)而不花更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間（二）

Kathiann Kowalski

景一編譯

Use pictures.

Pay attention to diagrams 1 and graphs 2 in yourclass materials. Those pictures can really boost 3your memory of these materials. And if there aren'tpictures， creating them can be really， really useful.

These visual 4 representations 5 help you createmore complete mental models.

In one study back in 2003. students who sawthe drawings did better on a test than those who gotonly the text information.

使用圖畫。

要注意課程材料中的圖表。這些圖表確實(shí)能促進(jìn)你對(duì)這些材料的記憶。如果沒(méi)有圖表，自己創(chuàng)作圖表可能真的非常有用。

這些可視化的表示形式有助于你創(chuàng)建更完整的心理模型。

在2003年的一項(xiàng)研究中，看過(guò)圖畫的學(xué)生在考試中比那些只得到文本信息的學(xué)生做得更好。

Dig deeper.

It's hard to remember a string of facts andfigures if you don't push further. Ask why things area certain way. How did they come about'？ Why dothey matler'？ In other words. don't just accept facts atface value.

It helps you combine new information with otherthings you know. And it creates a bigger network inyour brain of things that relate to one another. Thelarger network makes it easier to learn and rememberthings.

深入挖掘。

如果你不更進(jìn)一步思考的話，很難記住一連串的事實(shí)和數(shù)字。要問(wèn)問(wèn)自己為什么事情是這個(gè)樣子的。它們是怎么來(lái)的？它們?yōu)槭裁粗匾?？換句話說(shuō)，不要僅僅接受表面上的事實(shí)。

這會(huì)幫助你將新信息與你所知道的其他事情結(jié)合起來(lái)。它會(huì)在你的大腦中創(chuàng)造一個(gè)相互關(guān)聯(lián)的事物的更大網(wǎng)絡(luò)。這個(gè)更大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)會(huì)使學(xué)習(xí)和記憶事物變得更容易。

Find examples.

Abstract6 concepts can be hard to understand.It tends to be far easier to form a mental image ifyou have a concrete example of something.

In fact， it helps to have at least two examplesif you want to understand something new.

找例子。

抽象的概念可能很難理解。如果你有一個(gè)具體的例子，形成一個(gè)心理印象往往要容易得多。

事實(shí)上，找到至少兩個(gè)例子有助于你理解新的東西。

Make a plan and stick to it.

Many students know they should space outstudy periods， quiz themselves and practice othergood skills. yet many don't actually do thosethings. Often， they fail to plan ahead.

If you have a study plan. stick to it！ Evenwhen you do make plans， something more enticing 7may come up. Studying has to become a priority 8.

Try to stick to a routine. too. Have a set timeand place where you do homework and studying. Itmay seem odd at first. But， by the time week tworolls around， it becomes a normal thing.

Allow yourself short breaks. Study with nodistractions 9. And take a 5 0r 10 minute breakafter a period of studying .

制定計(jì)劃并堅(jiān)持下去。

許多學(xué)生知道他們應(yīng)該分段學(xué)習(xí)，進(jìn)行自我測(cè)試和練習(xí)其他好的技能。然而，許多人實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有做這些事情。他們往往沒(méi)有提前計(jì)劃。

如果你有學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃，就堅(jiān)持下去！即使你確實(shí)制定了計(jì)劃，也可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)更誘人的東西。學(xué)習(xí)必須成為優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)。

試著堅(jiān)持形成慣例。找一個(gè)固定的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)做作業(yè)和學(xué)習(xí)。一開始也許會(huì)讓你覺(jué)得奇怪。但是，到了第二周，它就變成了一件正常的事情。

要允許自己有短暫的休息。學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)不要分心。在一段時(shí)間的學(xué)習(xí)后，休息5至10分鐘。

Be kind to yourself.

Try to stick to a regular routine. And getenough sleep-not just the night before the testbut for weeks or months on end. Exercise helps aswell.

Don't be too stressful. Remember yourteachers and classmates also face challenges. Likeyou， they have fears， concerns and questions. Andbe kind to yourself. And if you need help， ask.

要善待自己。

試著堅(jiān)持一種有規(guī)律的日常生活，并且要有足夠的睡眠——不只是在考試的前一天晚上，要持續(xù)幾周或幾個(gè)月。鍛煉也很有幫助。

不要有太大壓力。請(qǐng)記住，你的老師和同學(xué)也會(huì)面臨挑戰(zhàn)。和你一樣，他們也有恐懼、擔(dān)憂和疑問(wèn)。要善待自己。如果你需要幫助，要去求助。

（英語(yǔ)原文選自：sclenCenewsforstudents.org）

1.diagram [?da???ɡr?m] n.圖表

2.graph [ɡrɑ?f]n.圖表

3.boost[bu?st]v.促進(jìn);增加

4.visual[?v??u?l] adj.視覺(jué)的

5.representation [?repr?zen?te???n] n.表現(xiàn);表示法

6.abstract[??bstr?kt]adj.抽象的

7.enticing [?n?ta?s??]adj.有誘惑力的

8.priority[pra???r?t?] n，優(yōu)先;優(yōu)先考慮的事

9.discraction [d??str?k??n] n.分心的事物