曾尚春
摘 ?要:對(duì)于英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者來(lái)說(shuō),聽(tīng)力理解一直是學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)。因此,很多學(xué)者對(duì)如何提升英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者聽(tīng)力理解能力進(jìn)行了研究。作者選取了詞匯量為切入點(diǎn),從學(xué)習(xí)者產(chǎn)出性和接受性詞匯量?jī)蓚€(gè)維度進(jìn)行實(shí)證研究,選取了某普通二本院校大二翻譯專業(yè)本科生作為受試者,利用SPSS16.0統(tǒng)計(jì)分析軟件里的描述統(tǒng)計(jì)(Descriptive Statistics),皮爾遜相關(guān)關(guān)系(Pearson correlation)和線性回歸(Linear Regression)這三種方式分析了受試學(xué)生產(chǎn)出性和接受性詞匯量與其英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力理解能力的關(guān)系,從而進(jìn)一步得出受試學(xué)生詞匯量對(duì)其英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力理解能力的解釋力。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,受試學(xué)生產(chǎn)出性詞匯量和接受性詞匯量與其英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力理解能力均呈顯著正相關(guān)。受試學(xué)生產(chǎn)出性詞匯量(3000詞頻水平)、接受性詞匯量(3000詞頻水平)、產(chǎn)出性詞匯量(5000詞頻水平)、接受性詞匯量(5000詞頻水平)對(duì)其英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力理解能力的解釋力分別為28%、32%、22.8%及20.9%。受試者的詞匯量可以有效地解釋其英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力理解能力。
關(guān)鍵詞:產(chǎn)出性詞匯量;接受性詞匯量;英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力理解能力
中圖分類號(hào):G642 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):2096-000X(2021)19-0065-06
Abstract: For English learners, listening comprehension has always been a difficult point in learning. Therefore, many scholars have conducted research on how to improve the listening comprehension of English learners. The author conducts empirical research from the two dimensions of learner's productive and receptive vocabulary. A group of second-year undergraduates majoring in translation were selected as the research subject. The author used the Descriptive Statistics, Pearson correlation and Linear Regression in the statistical analysis software SPSS16.0 to analyze the relationship between the undergraduates' productive and receptive vocabulary and their English listening comprehension capability, and then figured out on what extent the test students' vocabulary have influence on their English listening comprehension capability. The result presents significantly positive correlation between test students' receptive vocabulary, productive vocabulary and their English listening comprehension capability. The test students' productive vocabulary size ?(3000-words level) can predict 28% of students' English listening comprehension capability, receptive vocabulary size (3000-words level)-32%, productive vocabulary size (5000-words level)-22.8%, receptive vocabulary size (5000-words level)-20.9%. To sum up, the testees' vocabulary size can effectively explain their English listening comprehension capability.
Keywords: productive vocabulary size; receptive vocabulary size; English listening comprehension capability
聽(tīng)力理解是聽(tīng)者充分利用所掌握的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和非語(yǔ)言知識(shí)以及相關(guān)聽(tīng)力理解技能和策略對(duì)外界輸入的語(yǔ)音材料進(jìn)行積極主動(dòng)地加工和處理以達(dá)到理解說(shuō)話者意圖的動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程。聽(tīng)力理解是外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的一項(xiàng)重要技能,作者在多年的外語(yǔ)教學(xué)中發(fā)現(xiàn),為了掌握這一技能,學(xué)習(xí)者往往付出較多的時(shí)間和精力,但收效不明顯。根據(jù)上述聽(tīng)力理解的定義,聽(tīng)者的語(yǔ)言能力對(duì)聽(tīng)者是否能聽(tīng)懂外界輸入的語(yǔ)音材料起著至關(guān)重要的作用。如果從分析外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者的語(yǔ)言能力入手,應(yīng)該能找到一個(gè)行之有效的方法來(lái)提高其聽(tīng)力理解能力。而語(yǔ)言能力包含詞匯能力、語(yǔ)法能力、語(yǔ)義能力、語(yǔ)音能力和拼寫(xiě)能力。因此,本文將以實(shí)證研究的方式,分析外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者的詞匯能力,具體來(lái)說(shuō),即從外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者接受性和產(chǎn)出性詞匯量的角度,探索它們對(duì)英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力理解能力產(chǎn)生的影響,以期為外語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力教學(xué)提供一定的啟示。
1998年勞費(fèi)爾給出了接受性詞匯(Receptive Vocabulary)和產(chǎn)出性詞匯(Productive Vocabulary)的定義,即,接受性詞匯指的是理解某個(gè)特定的詞的最基本最常用的意思;產(chǎn)出性詞匯被細(xì)分為控制性產(chǎn)出性詞匯(Controlled Productive Vocabulary)和自由產(chǎn)出性詞匯(Free Productive Vocabulary), 前者指的是在給出特定任務(wù)的前提下,學(xué)習(xí)者運(yùn)用已經(jīng)習(xí)得的詞匯;后者指的是學(xué)習(xí)者按照自己的意愿自主地運(yùn)用已經(jīng)習(xí)得的詞匯。