卡拉班切區(qū)102住宅

建設(shè)單位：馬德里市政住房與土地公司

項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn)：西班牙馬德里

設(shè)計(jì)單位：Extudio 事務(wù)所

場(chǎng)地面積：4 446.15 平方米

建筑面積：12 277.15 平方米

攝影：Miguel de Guzmán，Paul Riddle

Client:Municipal Housing and Land Company of Madrid

Location:Madrid,Spain

Architect:EXtudio.

Site Area:4 446.15 m2

Building Area:12 277.15 m2

Photography:Miguel de Guzmán,Paul Riddle

痕跡：朝向與適應(yīng)

場(chǎng)所需要表達(dá)自身的本質(zhì)，并且以自然的方式呈現(xiàn)和發(fā)展。在本項(xiàng)目中，馬德里卡拉班切區(qū)102 住宅項(xiàng)目所在的區(qū)域?qū)⑴f卡拉班切區(qū)與其前方的森林綠地相聯(lián)。作為對(duì)綠地和場(chǎng)所原貌的回應(yīng)，我們的項(xiàng)目被壓縮在場(chǎng)地邊沿的線(xiàn)性區(qū)域中。在有限的空間條件下，我們需要發(fā)掘場(chǎng)所中的主要特質(zhì)，在建筑偏向南側(cè)的東西立面創(chuàng)造視覺(jué)方向性，劃定活動(dòng)區(qū)域，確定建筑外觀，并使住宅獲得平靜安寧的內(nèi)部環(huán)境。

Trace:Orientation and Acceptance

places need to express their own being,emerge naturally,build themselves.And specifically this place,aligned in front of the green pause,in front of the concatenation of public spaces that unite the old Carabanchel with its forest,through the extension,in front of the site on which we are building.In response,the houses are compressed on the edge,a single linear piece,in a search for the main reason for the place,views and an optimal orientation where east and west share the south,generating the limit of activity,calming the interior and defining the exterior.

This situation also takes care of the nearby conditions,the immediate environment benefits from a respectful element with the neighboring buildings,to which the sun gives way,with the construction moving away on a plinth that nevertheless maintains the alignment foreshadowed in the plan.This socket becomes active and activated element.Activated by the building itself,which sweeps a hard area with its shadow and defines the border of a vegetated surface along its path.Active,since in addition to becoming a meeting and play place,it concentrates access to the different portals and is related to the garage that opens to it,providing ventilation and natural lighting.

本項(xiàng)目同時(shí)充分考慮了臨近場(chǎng)地的情況，尊重相鄰的建筑物。得益于周?chē)ㄖ暮侠黹g距，102 住宅可以獲得充足的日照。住宅被插在 “底座”之上，互相對(duì)齊。而 “底座”——一個(gè)抬高的公共廣場(chǎng)——?jiǎng)t成為了被建筑激活的空間。每當(dāng)白天住宅凹凸的陰影輪廓掃過(guò)廣場(chǎng)時(shí)，都會(huì)與廣場(chǎng)中人行線(xiàn)路和綠植邊界產(chǎn)生有趣的互動(dòng)。除了作為公共社交區(qū)域外，廣場(chǎng)還整合了不同單元和底層停車(chē)場(chǎng)的出入口，并且為停車(chē)場(chǎng)提供通風(fēng)和自然采光。

策略：最小模塊+添加

102 住宅項(xiàng)目對(duì)于場(chǎng)所多變的條件做出了回應(yīng)，而建筑本身則是在不變的核心系統(tǒng)——東南和西南方向的建筑主體——基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行模數(shù)化調(diào)整和添加后生成的。該核心系統(tǒng)兼具采光和景觀優(yōu)勢(shì)，每戶(hù)最重要起居室和臥室兩個(gè)空間沿東南或西南面布置。這兩個(gè)立面配有濾網(wǎng)，提供遮陽(yáng)的同時(shí)遮蔽后方的小型服務(wù)陽(yáng)臺(tái)。如同懸于空中的云朵一樣，在這個(gè)表面之后，通過(guò)添加模塊形成兩臥或三臥戶(hù)型，我們實(shí)現(xiàn)了一種基于秩序（不變的）的變化。

對(duì)于該系統(tǒng)中所包含嚴(yán)格秩序的調(diào)整和呈現(xiàn)是以一種數(shù)學(xué)的方式進(jìn)行的。住宅成為了居住的機(jī)器，添加模塊改變立面的總體原則是減少公共交通空間，豐富內(nèi)部關(guān)系，同時(shí)使整個(gè)項(xiàng)目呈現(xiàn)整體性。

施工體系：定制的整體模板

102 住宅展示了一種社會(huì)住宅的建造體系，這是其組織形式自然形成的結(jié)果。該體系的價(jià)值被重復(fù)的模塊強(qiáng)化，同時(shí)保留了每個(gè)住戶(hù)的獨(dú)特性。對(duì)單個(gè)高精度混凝土模塊進(jìn)行重復(fù)實(shí)現(xiàn)了建筑主體核心的穩(wěn)定性，同時(shí)，那些作為變數(shù)的添加模塊則由輕質(zhì)金屬結(jié)構(gòu)支撐。模塊化的工業(yè)化建造方式簡(jiǎn)化了102 住宅施工，消除了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)廢料并縮短了工期。

Stratege:Minimum modulus+additions

The project that responds to these conditions of place is also emerged from the houses which are projected by and for this situation from an invariable nucleus that,after a modulated addition,completes the requirements of the program.This fixed nucleus is built of views and sun,its two main pieces,living room and bedroom,are attached to the southeast and southwest limits,from which they are protected with a vibrant filter,relegating a services to the back plane.Behind this plane,and like clouds over the void,the variation of this invariable occurs by adding some pieces that contain the program that forms the two and three bedroom homes.

The strict order is mathematically disordered and projected variable and changing.Thus,the houses become machines for living,and the adjusted surfaces are projected as such,minimizing the transition zones between rooms,rich in their internal relationships.But also in global ones.

Construction system:Custom integral form work

The project proposes a systematization of social housing.The construction system used is therefore a natural consequence of its organization,which optimizes the values of repetition,without renouncing the identity of each user.Its construction responds to this need for industrial optimization,thus the stability of the main body is built in concrete from a single,high-precision mold.Meanwhile,the variations occur thanks to the light modules in a metallic structure that constitute the addition elements.This industrialized system facilitates application,eliminates the appearance of debris in the construction process,and speeds up execution time.

總平面圖 Site Plan

中庭示意圖 Atrium diagram

軸測(cè)圖解 Axonometric Diagram

地下層平面 Basement Plan

地面層平面 Ground Plan

二層平面 First floor plan

三層平面 Third floor plan

四層平面 Forth floor plan

五層平面 Fifth floor plan

屋頂層平面 Roof Plan

東立面圖 East Elevation

東剖面圖 East Section