中考閱讀理解推理判斷題實(shí)例解析

吳曉明

推理判斷題是每年中考的必考題型之一，也是英語閱讀理解中難度較大的題型。它要求考生對文章中的內(nèi)容及作者的思路做出合理的推理與判斷。推理與判斷兩者密不可分，推理是為了判斷，判斷依賴于推理?？忌\(yùn)用邏輯能力推論出蘊(yùn)含在文章中卻沒有明說的事實(shí)及暗示的含義。因此，考生應(yīng)在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā)，運(yùn)用邏輯思維，并借助一定的常識進(jìn)行分析、推理，從而理解文章的深層次含義。

推理判斷題一般分為邏輯推理、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度、目的意圖、文章出處四個命題方向。下面就這四個常見出題方式解析如下：

（一） 邏輯推理

常見所提問題：

1. What can we infer from the last sentence？

2. What do you think would happen （to… ） at the end of the story？

3. We can learn/ infer from the last paragraph that…

例題一

（2020·遼寧·沈陽）In fact， horses are their nearest relatives. Zebras are famous for their black and white stripes （條紋）.? Each zebra’s pattern （圖案） of stripes is different. The patterns look similar， but they are unique like humans’fingerprints （指紋）. No two have the same pattern. How do zebras protect themselves from their enemies？ They can stay alive because they run fast to avoid lions and other enemies.

What can we infer （推斷）from Paragraph （段落）Three？

A. Zebras are all from Asia.

B. Lions may catch the slow zebras.

C. Zebras are black or white.

D. Lions always live by themselves.

此題為邏輯推理題。根據(jù)“They can stay alive because they run fast to avoid lions and other? enemies.它們可以活下來，因?yàn)樗鼈兣艿煤芸欤梢员荛_獅子和其他敵人?！笨芍?，獅子可能會抓住跑得慢的斑馬。故選B。

例題二

（2020·廣西·桂林）We camped for five nights and it was freezing every night！ However，we had a really nice campsite.? I had a great time and would definitely be returning the next year！

We can possibly infer according to the passage that .

A. Leeds Festival usually lasts six days

B. people can enjoy delicious food silently in Leeds Festival

C. the writer was satisfied with the weather in? Leeds Festival

D. the writer enjoyed seeing Arctic Monkeys since he liked alternative? music

此題為邏輯推理題。根據(jù)“We camped for five nights and it was freezing every night！”可知，作者野營了5天，因此判斷音樂節(jié)要持續(xù)6天。故選A。

（二）觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度

常見所提問題：

1. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage？

2. From the passage we can conclude that…

3. Sb. believed that…

例題一

（2020·北京）But what it will not achieve is the warmth of human interaction and touch.? Patients often need someone to listen to—and care about—their journey story， which will never be realized through a human-less technology. Technology should be a tool，but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects. Let’s not allow our humanity to be one of them.

The writer probably agrees that .

A. technology can deal with unexpected effects

B. telemedicine can take the place of usual health care

C. it is difficult for patients to adapt to the new technology age

D. techno-health care should take humanity into consideration

此題為觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)“Technology should be a tool，but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects.? Let’s not allow our humanity to be one of them.” 可知，作者認(rèn)為科技應(yīng)該是一種工具，我們不允許人性也成為科技的一部分，因此判斷作者會同意的觀點(diǎn)是電子醫(yī)療應(yīng)該考慮人性。故選D。

例題二

（2020·湖南·湘潭）Until recently， scientists believed that laughter was a human behaviour only. They argued that people find jokes funny because we can put ourselves in another person’s shoes， and that animals can’t do that. People don’t all have the same sense of humor.? Sometimes there isn’t any joke，or we may not have heard it but we laugh because the people around us are laughing. How long and how loud we would laugh are also shared.? We just go on following the example with one another until the laughter fades away （消失）.

Scientists believed that .

A. people have the same sense of humor

B. both human and animals can find jokes funny

C. sometimes some people laugh because people around them do so

此題為觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)“People don’t all have the same sense of humor.” 可知，并不是所有人幽默感都一樣，A錯誤;根據(jù)“They argued that people find jokes funny because we can put ourselves in another person’s shoes， and that animals can’t do that.” 可知，只有人能感受到笑話好笑，動物不能，B錯誤;根據(jù)“Sometimes there isn’t any joke，or we may not have heard it but we laugh because the people around us are laughing.” 可知，有時人們笑是因?yàn)樯磉叺娜嗽谛?。故選C。

（三）目的意圖

常見所提問題：

1. The purpose in writing this text is to…

2. The author writes this passage to…

3. The author in this passage intends to…

例題一

（2020·吉林·長春）Many people dream of going on a challenging travel. Most of them keep dreaming;others make it happen. …Anything worth doing requires time， energy and action. There is no exception. If you hold on to your dream， you can make it like Gregg and Brooks and have fun while you’re at it.

What’s the purpose of the writer in this passage？

A. To introduce a country in South America.

B. To help people learn to make a travel plan.

C. To encourage people to achieve their dreams.

D. To show the friendship between the two bicyclist.

此題為目的意圖題。根據(jù)“Anything worth doing requires time， energy and action. There is no exception. If you hold on to your dream， you can make it like Gregg and Brooks and have fun while you’re at it.任何值得做的事情都需要時間、精力和行動，沒有例外。 如果你堅持你的夢想，你可以像格雷格和布魯克斯一樣實(shí)現(xiàn)它，并在實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想的過程中享受樂趣?！笨芍?，文章主要講了兩人進(jìn)行騎車旅行，實(shí)現(xiàn)自己夢想的事情，告訴我們要堅持夢想。故答案為C。

例題二

（2020·浙江·金華）My dear boys and girls， good morning. Today I’m going to talk to you about my understanding of learning history.

The writer wrote the passage to .

A. introduce some important people in history

B. develop students’ interest in learning history

C. explain different people’s understanding of history

D. show the relationship between the past and the future

此題為目的意圖題。根據(jù) “Today I’m going to talk to you about my understanding of learning history.”可知，本文講述了為什么要學(xué)習(xí)歷史，以此來激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)歷史的興趣。故選B。

（四）文章出處

常見所提問題：

1. The passage above may come from…

2. Where would this passage most probably appear？

3. We can probably find the passage in a…

例題一

（2020·遼寧·沈陽）Do you like to help others？ You can help others by using your interest and talent （才能）. Let the teenagers show you.

Name Alia

Age 13

Actions? Alia draws rainbows （彩虹） on rocks. Then she puts the rocks where people can find them. This makes people happy. She also sells the rocks and gives away the money to help people in need.

Where is the text probably taken from？

A. A tour guide.

B. A newspaper.

C. A magazine.

D. A science book.

本文主要講述了3個青少年用自己的方法幫助有需要的人的故事，這篇文章最有可能來自雜志。故選C。

例題二

（2020·遼寧·鐵嶺）Look at this special handrail（扶手）. One part of it is a seat. It is helpful for old people. They can sit on it and rest when they’re climbing stairs. A company in Shenzhen designed this handrail.? What a good idea！

Wearing a mask（口罩）is not a big problem for people with hearing problems， wearing masks makes it hard for them to communicate with others. This new mask design is here to help. There is a “window” in it. People with hearing problems can read each other’s lips（嘴唇）and facial expressions.

We can probably find the passage in a .

A. Travel guide

B. Science magazine

C. History book

D. Geography book

此題為文章出處題。根據(jù)“Look at this special handrail扶手”“This new mask design 口罩”等，可知，是一些科學(xué)發(fā)明，所以應(yīng)該出自科學(xué)雜志。故答案為B。

通過上面的例題和解析，相信同學(xué)們對推理判斷題已經(jīng)有了清晰的了解和認(rèn)識。在處理推理判斷題時，老師有三個小妙招要送給大家。

妙招一： 全面分析信息，切忌片面思考。

答題時要有全局觀念，理清上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。有些推理判斷題，雖然是針對文中的某項細(xì)節(jié)而設(shè)，但往往并不能直接從該細(xì)節(jié)中得出答案，需要結(jié)合細(xì)節(jié)前后的內(nèi)容甚至細(xì)節(jié)所在的段落內(nèi)容綜合推斷。因此，在解答這類題時，不要只是根據(jù)只言片語得出答案，而是要充分結(jié)合上下文。

妙招二：嚴(yán)格忠實(shí)原文，切忌憑空臆斷。

根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞在原文中定位。某些推理判斷題往往也針對文中的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)而設(shè)置，因此也可以根據(jù)題干中的人物、地點(diǎn)、時間、陳述對象等關(guān)鍵詞語在原文中定位，然后根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行正確地推理和判斷。

妙招三：不要選擇表層信息，不要照抄原文選項。

答推理判斷題時，不要試圖在原文中直接尋找答案。推理判斷題的答案， 是根據(jù)文中的細(xì)節(jié)或局部內(nèi)容推理得出的，是文中細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容隱含的深層次含義。因此，不可能在原文中直接找到對應(yīng)的陳述。

答題有法，但無定法。只要同學(xué)們平時善于積累，靈活運(yùn)用，推理判斷題將不再是你們答閱讀理解題中的障礙。