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      如何巧用線索法做完形填空題

      2021-04-16 11:13:20
      閱讀與作文(英語高中版) 2021年2期
      關(guān)鍵詞:空格書信示例

      所謂線索法,指的是根據(jù)文章上下文所提供的故事背景和語境線索進(jìn)行推理和判斷,從而確定最佳答案。具體說來有以下幾種行之有效的方法。

      1.巧用語意轉(zhuǎn)折線索解題

      有些句子含有表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ鹊倪B詞、副詞或副詞短語,如but, though, although, instead, however, on the contrary, otherwise等,我們可利用這些暗示來解決問題。有時(shí)也可能沒有這些詞語的出現(xiàn)。如:

      A formal letter is very different from an informal letter. Formal letters ___1___ to businesses, schools or government offices. ___2___? letters are for relatives, or former(以前的) teachers. You may write an informal letter by hand, but you should ___3___ a formal letter.

      1. A. send? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. are written? ? ? ? C. write? ? ? ? ? ? D. are dropped

      2. A. Informal? ? ? ? ? B. Formal? ? ? ? ? ? ? C. Business? ? ? ? D. Relative

      3. A. copy? ? ? ? ? ? B. type? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? C. write? ? ? ? ? ? D. share

      【解析】

      1. 選B。該句缺少謂語動(dòng)詞,而寫信應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。該句意為“正式書信是寫給商業(yè)部門、學(xué)?!?。D雖用了被動(dòng),但搭配不當(dāng)。drop sb a line為“給人寫信(短信)”。

      2. 選A。前面說的是正式書信,這里說的是寫給親戚、好友或以前的老師的,較隨便,即非正式書信。

      3. 選B。通過but可知,此處說的是非正式書信與正式書信的寫作方式的不同,非正式書信可以手寫,但正式書信要正規(guī)得多,得打字。

      2.巧用因果關(guān)系線索解題

      即根據(jù)上下文的因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行推斷,從而得出所需答案。如:

      It was a strange noise that made the man ___1___ his car soon after he left a village ___2___ London. He got out of his car and ___3___ the wheels[車輪] carefully, but as he found nothing ___4___ he continued his way.

      1. A. start? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. stop? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? C. slow? ? ? ? ? ? D. speed

      2. A. to? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. for? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? C. from? ? ? ? ? ? D. of

      3. A. repaired? ? ? B. examined? ? ? ? ? C. cleaned? ? ? ? ? D. looked

      4. A. wrong? ? ? ? ? B. danger? ? ? ? ? ? ? C. interesting? ? ? D. matter

      【解析】

      1. 選B。他在去倫敦的路上,一陣奇怪的聲音驅(qū)使他把車停了下來。這可從He got out of his car…推測出來。

      2. 選B。leave…for…是個(gè)固定短語,意為“離開……到……”。

      3. 選B。在聽到奇怪的聲音后,他停下車來仔細(xì)檢查輪胎(看看出現(xiàn)了什么問題)。

      4. 選A。從下句“他又繼續(xù)趕路了”可知,“因?yàn)樗麤]有發(fā)現(xiàn)毛病”。nothing wrong意為“沒有毛病”。

      3.巧用具體示例線索解題

      即根據(jù)文章中所提供的具體實(shí)例進(jìn)行分析,將與具體示例有關(guān)的信息進(jìn)行優(yōu)選,將與具體示例無關(guān)的信息進(jìn)行排除,從而便可得出所需答案。如:

      Every student must wear their ___1___ when they are at school. There are ___2___ items of uniforms: suits, dresses, shorts, skirts and T-shirts. There are also Wasley schoolbags, caps and socks.

      1. A. long hair B. thick glasses C. sports shoes D. school uniforms

      2. A. much B. three C. many D. a lot

      【解析】

      1. 選D。本段談?wù)摰氖窃谛I┬7氖虑?,而不是穿運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋,蓄長發(fā)、戴墨鏡并不是學(xué)校所提倡的。

      2. 選C。suits, dresses, shorts, skirts and T-shirts等是服裝的個(gè)例,前面只有填“校服”才與之相配。

      4.巧用同義反義線索解題

      Though he is serious in appearance, he never fails to be interesting. Often he is clever, sometimes even ______ and gay…

      A. worried? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. bright? ? ? ? ? ? ? C. discouraging? ? ?D. friendly

      【解析】

      從Often he is clever來看,此處話題談?wù)摰氖恰八闹腔?聰明”,而even一詞也暗示此處應(yīng)填bright,因bright與clever為同義詞,均為“聰明”。

      As it turned out, my little publication went on to become Student, a national magazine for young people in the U.K. My wife and I have two children, and Id like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad ______ me.

      A. controlled B. comforted C. reminded D. raised

      【解析】

      句中的 in the same way 告訴我們,空格處所填動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與前面的動(dòng)詞 bring up(培養(yǎng),養(yǎng)育)同義,比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng),答案顯然是 D項(xiàng)。

      5.巧用邏輯順序線索解題

      即根據(jù)文章所提供的內(nèi)容,同時(shí)結(jié)合一定的生活常識(shí),對(duì)所推斷的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行邏輯推理和邏輯順序。如:

      I went to Wasley College with Winnic today. Wasley is a large, old ___1___. It has three branch campuses[分校]: Clunes, Glen Waverly and Elasterwick. It has a primary school, a ___2___ school and a senior school. So there are twelve grades of ___3___ studying there.

      1. A. school? ? ? ? ? ? B. factory? ? ? ? ? ? C. movie? ? ? D. hospital

      2. A. night? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. junior? ? ? ? ? ? ?C. high? ? ? ? D. spare-time

      3. A. workers? ? ? ? ? B. boys? ? ? ? ? ? ? C. students? D. teachers

      【解析】

      1. 選A。從下句話It has three branch campuses來看,Wasley是一所學(xué)校。

      2. 選B。從空缺處所在的位置來看,界于primary和senior之間的學(xué)校當(dāng)然屬于junior。這就是說是順序推測出來的。

      3. 選C。既然是在此學(xué)習(xí),他們當(dāng)然是students了。

      6. 巧用語篇標(biāo)志線索解題

      語篇一般指比單個(gè)句子長的語言單位,如句群、段落、篇章等。語篇與語篇之間往往有表明其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞語,這些詞語可稱為語篇標(biāo)志。如:表示結(jié)果層次的語篇標(biāo)志語有firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等;表示邏輯關(guān)系的有thus, therefore, so等;表示改變?cè)掝}的有by the way等;表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的有before, so far, yet, now, later等。在做完形填空題時(shí),如果能充分利用這些語篇標(biāo)志語,就可以迅速理清文章的脈絡(luò),弄清上下文的關(guān)系。如:

      First of all, I respected his devotion to teaching…______, I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk…Finally, I was attracted by his lively sense of humor. (全國卷)

      A. Later? ? ? ? ? ? B. Secondly? C. However? D. Therefore

      【解析】

      選B??忌绻⒁獾搅宋恼律舷挛闹械恼Z篇標(biāo)志詞語first of all 和 finally,再比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng),顯然只有選secondly 最恰當(dāng)。

      7. 巧用結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)比線索解題

      在做完形填空題時(shí),有時(shí)會(huì)遇到兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)十分相似的句子,此時(shí)同學(xué)們應(yīng)認(rèn)真比較其結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),或根據(jù)其相似性推斷空格處所填之詞,或根據(jù)文章的上下文語境判斷兩個(gè)(或幾個(gè))相似結(jié)構(gòu)之間的邏輯關(guān)系。如:

      I realized strength and courage arent always measured in medals and victories, but in the struggles we overcome[戰(zhàn)勝]. The strongest people are not always the people who win, ______ the people who dont give up when they lose.

      A. or? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. nor? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? C.? and? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. but

      【解析】

      句中的 the people who win 與 the people who dont give up when they lose 是兩個(gè)表達(dá)十分相似的結(jié)構(gòu),比較其中的win和lose可知,前后兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)屬對(duì)比關(guān)系,估計(jì)應(yīng)填but,再結(jié)合句中的not,并聯(lián)想 not…but…句式,可以推知,此題最佳答案應(yīng)選 D。

      The correct water supply forecast is based more on the water from the ______ than from the below. (遼寧卷)

      A. clouds? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. sky? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? C. air? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. above

      【解析】

      more from…than from… 是一個(gè)明顯用于對(duì)比的結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)后面的the below可知,前面應(yīng)是 the above,即答案選 D。

      8. 巧用語境暗示線索解題

      有的空格根據(jù)所在句的句意或附近上下文的語境我們無法作出正確的選擇,要想作出正確判斷,同學(xué)們應(yīng)特別注意空格前后所出現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞語,尤其注意找出其中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的暗示性詞語。如:

      Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the ______ have made up their minds to ring the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest[抗議] against heavy trucks which run day and night through the narrow High Street. (全國卷)

      A. college? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. village? ? ? ? ? ? C. town? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. church

      【解析】

      選 D。若僅就本句內(nèi)容來看,此題答案不好選擇,但當(dāng)我們讀到文章末尾處的 I mean we are assistant bell ringers for the church時(shí),我們才便可根據(jù)其中的 church 一詞作出判斷。

      But then again, would there be a chair in Room 316? Or would it be a(n) ______ room?

      A. small? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. empty? ? ? ? ? ? C. new? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. neat

      【解析】

      選 B。若僅從本句來看,似乎四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都不錯(cuò),但要想確定其中的最佳答案,考生應(yīng)注意到文章后半部分的 But to my surprise, the room wasnt empty at all! It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and seven paintings on the walls.這一句。

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