本期英文提要（ABSTRACTS）

ABSTRACTS

The Evolution Mechanism and Enlightenment of Rural Land Policy

Zhang Peng，Liu Cheng

（School of Marxism，Southwestern University of Finance and Economics，Chengdu 610074）

（4）

Abstract：The rural land policy is the foundation and core of the agricultural policy，and it is also a red line that runs through the one hundred years’ history of the founding of the Communist Party of China.It has probably gone through the three stages of “individual independent management-collective unified management-household contract management”.At present，it is in the stage of multi-entity operation under the“three-power separation”.Although the objectives and performance of the rural land policy at various stages are quite different，the evolution of it contains a clear logical approach and internal mechanism.Based on the basic principles of Marxism，this article draws on North’s theory of institutional change and Kingdon’s theory of Multi-Streams，then constructs a theoretical framework for the evolution mechanism of agricultural land policy from five aspects： evolution motivation，evolution principle，evolution core，evolution method and evolution goal.The reform of rural land system in the new era must uphold the collective nature of ownership does not change，adhere to the unshakable status of family contract management，improve the efficiency of rural land resource allocation and rural land productivity，vigorously develop the rural collective economy，promote the innovation of rural land management forms，help rural all-round revitalization and promote common prosperity to make substantive progress.

Key words：rural land policy； evolution mechanism； logical approach

Administrative Level，F(xiàn)inancial Support and Innovation Capability of City——also on the Impacts of Regional Strategies

Zhang Keyun，Wang Yangzhi，Sun Sanbai

（School of Applied Economics，Renmin University of China，Beijing 100872）

（13）

Abstract：This paper incorporates the administrative level into the research of the urban innovation system.Based on the panel data of prefecture-level cities from 2009 to 2016，this paper uses the mediating effect model to examine the direct promotion of the administrative level to the city’s innovation capability，and clarifies government financial support’s indirect effect.We find that：（1）The higher the administrative level is，the stronger the innovation ability of the city is to be；（2）The administrative level affects urban innovation mainly through financial support；（3）The administrative level has an increasing promoting effect on innovation； （4） There are differences in the promotion effect of the urban administrative level of different regional strategic areas on innovation.To enhance the city’s innovation capabilities，local governments need to actively intervene and formulate targeted policies and measures based on regional development strategies and development foundations.

Key words：administrative level； financial support； innovation capability； regional strategy； mediating effect

Multidimensional Poverty： Cause or Evolution?——Interactive Analysis of Urban Growth and Poverty

Yao Shangjian

（School of Political Science and Public Administration，East China University of Political Science and Law，Shanghai 201620）

（24）

Abstract：Urban poverty is closely related to inequality，and urban growth amplifies the social effects of poverty.Urban poverty is not only caused by a variety of factors，but also exhibits different characteristics.From the perspective of the relationship between population and economy，urban poverty is manifested as a huge gap between economic income and the cost of urban living，and it is confirmed by the poverty line.From the perspective of the relationship between population and space，the urban poverty line has caused the social tear of urban geographical space.Capacity，mobility and resource control are the causes of urban poverty，while low income，lost opportunities，and class isolation are the evolutionary results of urban poverty.Urban anti-poverty needs to consider not only inequality of opportunity，but also inequality of results.It is necessary to comprehensively analyze the causal relationship of urban poverty to prevent the geographic transfer and social spread of poverty.

Key words：urban politics； urban poverty； unequal； multidimensional causes； multidimensional results

Institutional Logic of County Governance and Its Innovative Practice——from the Perspective of the Discretion of Local Government

He Huali1，He Xianming2，Pan Yufeng3

（1.Zhejiang Women’s Cadre School，Hangzhou 310012；2.Zhejiang Academy of Social Sciences，Hangzhou 310007； 3.Lishui College，Lishui 323000）

（31）

Abstract：The decentralization reform since the reform and opening up has made the county-level government to be the local government with the greatest behavioral autonomy.Asymmetry between responsibility and authority，resource allocation，continuously drives the county government to deal with the top-down administrative pressure and increasing territorial management responsibilities by consciously expanding its behavioral autonomy.The expansion of local government autonomy may not only greatly release the enthusiasm and creativity of county government，but also derive the phenomena which damage the overall governance of the country，such as disorderly behavior.How to improve the reasonable division of responsibilities and authorities between governments and strengthen the guidance and standardization of county-level government behavior autonomy is still a major practical issue in the modernization of national governance system.

Key words：county governance； county government； institutional logic

On China’s Codification of Labor Law

Lin Jia

（Law School，Renmin University of China，Beijing 100872）

（37）

Abstract：Labor law codification should be a process that begins with a summary of China’s mature experience in labor legislation，jurisdiction，and law enforcement，then moves on to systematic compilation and revision of current labor laws，and finally codifies the relevant labor laws and regulations into a comprehensive Labor Code.The compiling of the Labor Code’s is beneficial to fostering the establishment of a labor law system with Chinese characteristic，maintaining labor law and regulation unity，and replacing labor law and regulation deficiencies.The Labor Code should be led by Xi Jinping’s thought on rule of law and should continue to advance on the basis of China’s current labor legal system，labor rule of law practice，and labor law research.According to China’s national circumstances and rule of law characteristics，the system structure for compiling the labor code should adopt a “General Provision-Subsection” structure and a “Two-Step”approach by complementing individual laws first and then compiling the labor code.

Key words：The Labor Code； codification； systematization

Thoughts on the Adjustment Mode of “Decentralization” of Social Law——Concept Renewal and System Adjustment of Employees’ Rights and Interests Protection under the New Business Mode

Dong Baohua

（Law School，East China Normal University，Shanghai 200062）

（47）

Abstract：The problems encountered in the employment of employee in the economic development of the Internet platform have attracted the attention of all sectors of society.“Old problems，old solutions” and“new problems，old solutions” are the mainstream viewpoints in the current academic research of social law.In the author’s opinion，the adjustment of traditional industrial labor relations involves the theoretical correction of the source； The development of the employment relationship of new business mode involves the constraints of historical conditions.The healthy development of employment relationship requires the establishment of decentralized management and corresponding social security system.Only on the premise of summarizing experience and renewing ideas，and implementing system innovation，can the rights and interests of employees in new business mode be effectively protected.

Key words：prevention of “generalization of labor relations”； selection mode of new business contract；decentralized management and guarantee

Consolation of Rights： Division of Knowledge and Public Participation in Policy Making

Lv Peng，F(xiàn)u Sen

（School of Public Administration，Central South University，Changsha 410083）

（58）

Abstract：From the perspective of sociology of knowledge，this article aims to interpret the barriers to public participation in the policy-making process through the perspective of the division of knowledge.In the process of modernization，the externalities caused by the division of knowledge are manifested in knowledge specialization，knowledge hierarchization，and intellectual discourse alliances，which directly affect the shaping of public participation barriers，the strengthening of participation barriers，and the continuity reproduction of participation barriers in the process of policy making，which in turn leads to the formalization of the democratic rights of public participation into a kind of rights consolation.With the deepening of modernity，the division of knowledge continues to deepen，and the barriers to participation brought by it will inevitably become more concealed and diversified.

Key words：division of knowledge； rights and comfort； public participation； policy making

The Action Strategy and Development Tension of Nonprofit Organization under the Logic of Dual Institutional： Practical Analysis Based on the Cooperation between S Nonprofit Organization and Government

Cui Yueqin，Mu Yanchun

（School of Philosophy and Sociology，Jilin University，Changchun 130012）

（68）

Abstract：The continuous emergence of Government and social organization cooperation under the new era of social governance has given new connotations to the institutional environment of social organizations in China.From the perspective of institutional logics，the article analyzed the dual institutional logic contained in the cooperative relationship between the S nonprofit organization and the grassroots government and the action strategies and functional consequences triggered by it.The study found that the deep cooperation with the grassroots government has created an institutional environment centered on the logic of “impression performance”and “service performance”for the S nonprofit organization，making its organizational practice show equal emphasis on “displayability” and “practicality” Characteristics.The tension of the dual system logic，on the one hand，promotes the scale expansion and service deepening of the S nonprofit organization； on the other hand，it also leads S nonprofit organization to the involute development.In the new era，the cooperation between grassroots governments and social organizations needs to gradually establish a horizontal contractual relationship based on a clear distinction of the scope of functions to improve the level of institutionalization of the interactive relationship.

Key words：cooperation of government and social organization； nonprofit organization； institutional logic; action strategy

The Paradox and Solution of Fiscal Compensation in Public Hospitals：A Perspective of Government Legality and Pressure-based System

Wu Suxiong1，Pan Xuexue2，Yang Hua3

（1.Law School，Wenzhou University，Wenzhou 325000； 2.School of Public Health and Management，Wenzhou Medical University，Wenzhou 325035； 3.Institute of Marxism，Zhejiang Chinese Medical University，Hanghozu 310053）

（77）

Abstract：The government’s compensation policy for public hospitals is an important institutional arrangement to determine the development of medical and health fields.The government’s intervention in public hospitals for public welfare affects the efficiency of hospital operation determines that the government is the main body responsible for financial compensation.Its root is that the social benefits of public hospitals are positively related to the legitimacy of government.However，the contradiction between the economic performance required by China’s unique pressure system and the welfare performance required by the government’s legitimacy is a difficult bottleneck encountered by the government in the process of implementing the compensation policy for public hospitals.In order to resolve this paradox，we must according to the formation logic of the paradox，perfect the relevant laws and regulations strengthen the accurate assessment of the allocation efficiency of the government financial compensation department，replace the evaluation with the bottom-up review，and improve the participation of the public，promote the structure of hospital corporate governance，so as to fundamentally solve the internal obstacles of government finance compensation to public hospitals.

Key words：government； public hospital； financial compensation； government legitimacy； pressure system

The Turn of World Outlook： From Matter to Mind——Analysis Centered on Freud’s Theoretical Construction

Li Xuejun1，Bu Nan2

（1.School of Marxism，Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine，Nanning 530200；2.School of Marxism，Guangxi Arts University，Nanning 530022）

（89）

Abstract：There have been three turns of research purport in the history of philosophy，which are three events caused by different concerns in the same continuous process.In fact，the object of philosophers’thinking has always been the same，and the world has always been that world.As people deepen their understanding of the world and strengthen their own power to develop the world，their outlook on the world is also deepening，and their perspective of looking at the world is also changing.From the perspective of history and semantics，the evolution of the human world view system follows two routes.One route is based on matter and the other is based on psychological activities.The evolution of the world outlook system composed of a huge belief base is linearly related to the leap of productivity level，the improvement of science and technology level and the changes of human social formation.Each of them is inherently strongly related.The logic of its evolution includes the internal needs for productivity improvement，the development of scientific research，the major turns of philosophical research and the semantic transformation in different periods，etc.

Key words：world outlook； matter； mind

Discourse Change：the“Authority”of Metaphysics and the“Practice”of Marxist Philosophy

Shao Fangqiang

（School of Marxism，Dalian Maritime University，Dalian 116036）

（96）

Abstract：Philosophy always realizes the discourse function of the pursuit，direction and power of people to understand and transform the world through the questioning of the value of human nature and the ideal construction of the human world.In the historical evolution of metaphysics that shapes the discourse authority in the real world，this paper summarizes its shaping way of authority supremacy，logical perfection and subject productivity，and confirms that it is the discourse essence of the dual power structure of specific interest groups defending their own interests and controlling the interests of others.Marxist philosophy exposes the basic methods of traditional metaphysics to shape authority，such as supremacy，eternity，logic and productivity, and realizes the dual transformation of the theoretical way of shaping discourse authority and the practical way of realizing discourse function.On the one hand，it moves the inquiry of human nature from the universal，abstract and overall form to the real human life activities，and reshapes the value position of realizing the real human life activities and their essential power.On the other hand，the construction of the ideal world value order will be moved down from the dualistic power structure to the real human life activities，and the value order followed by the real world will be intertwined through the real human practical activities.The dual changes of Marxist Philosophy in philosophical discourse position and discourse practice provide basic principles and scientific methods for the construction of socialist discourse system with Chinese characteristics.

Key words：metaphysics； Marxist philosophy； “authority”； “practice”

Exploitation and Injustice in the Age of Big Data

Qin Zizhong

（School of Marxism，Hainan University，Haikou 570228）

（104）

Abstract：artificial intelligence triggers structural changes in the field of labor and employment that pose a serious challenge to Marx’s theory of exploitation.One way the Marxists responded to this challenge was to reestablish Marx’s concept of the working day，thus the multiplicity and injustice of exploitation can be identified in the age of big data，where work area and leisure area are interpenetrated and digital Labor permeates human life.

Key words：artificial intelligence； exploitation； justice； working day

The Spread of Wang Yangming’s National Ideology and His Mind School in Minority Regions

Zhu Fengjuan

（Institute of Yue Culture，Shaoxing University，Shaoxing 312000）

（112）

Abstract：Wang Yangming’s national ideology，which was formed gradually after he was exiled to Longchang Station in Guizhou province and had close contact with ethnic minorities，is an important part of his school of mind.From metaphysics，such as the goodness of human nature，the noumenon of mind，and a pure conscience，his view that “there is no man that cannot be civilized” discusses the issue of ethnic equality and ethnic differences with the view of “following their customs without changing their accustomed way of life”，putting emphasis on respecting the actual situation and customs of fellow minorities，and reasonably differentiating them on the basis of their different situations，which has its rationality and progress，and deserves our critical inheritance and creative development.He set up schools and academies in Guizhou and Guangxi to teach and spread the ideology of mind and Confucian culture of etiquette and justice，which objectively promoted the recovery and development of productive forces，as well as the acceptance of advanced ideology and culture in minority regions，and improved the customs and good manners of the people.

Key words：Wang Yangming； national ideology； national minority； etiquette education； enlightenment of conscience

The Impacts of Translation of Buddhist Sutras to Chinese Language——From the Perspective of the Word “Chu（觸）”“Wochuo（齷齪）” Having the Lexical Meaning of Dirty

Wang Yunlu，Le You

（Research Institute for Ancient Books/Center for Studies of History of Chinese Language，Zhejiang University，Hangzhou 310058）

（118）

Abstract：One of the lexical meanings of the word “Chu （觸）” is “dirty”.Most scholars believe that this meaning is a borrowed graph of “Zhuo（濁）”.This paper，by reviewing the meaning of “Chu（觸）” in the Buddhist translations and its usages in early Chinese literature，demonstrates that the lexical meaning “dirty”of “Chu（觸）” comes from the Buddhist conception of “Once you touch something unclean，you dirty yourself”，which Chinese has not yet accepted.In Chinese，the word “Wochuo （齷 齪）”has the meaning of“dirty” in dialect for which is used to record the words “E chu（惡觸）” and “Wuchu（污觸）”.While the Buddhist translations give the word “Chu （觸）” a new meaning，the dialect creates a new word，which replaces the original one.Thus，there are mutual influences and limitations between Chinese literatures and Buddhist translations.The choice or acceptance of a new word or lexical meaning in Chinese should be consistent with traditional cognitive conceptions.

Key words：Buddhist translations； chu（觸）； echu（惡觸）； wuchu（污觸）； wochuo（齷齪）

Composition，Repetition and Naming——Magritte’s Image Narration and Its Discourse Metaphor

Yang Xiangrong，Zhou Hongying

（College of Humanities，Hangzhou Normal University，Hangzhou 311121）

（128）

Abstract：In Magritte’s works，pictures are no longer the medium of representation.By means of combination，repetition and naming，pictures transform the idea of invisibility into graphic symbols of visibility and endure the narrative with infinite possibilities and tension.Magritte conveyed metaphysical philosophical thinking and secret inner consciousness through his paintbrush and practiced the avant-garde and revolutionary spirit of modern painting.In Magritte’s works，the picture narrative reveals the invisibility，which provides a new path for the philosophical exploration of painting，and also leads us to the reflection of the relationship between picture and object，picture and word，word and object，and the complex discourse tension behind it.

Key words：Magritte； picture-narrative； combination，repetition； naming

From Elites to the Masses：The Way for All Villagers to Enter Village Records and Village History

Qian Maowei，Dong Xiujuan

（Public History Research Center，Ningbo University，Ningbo 315211）

（135）

Abstract：The compilation of village chronicles，which rose in the mid-1980s，has emerged a new phenomenon of everyone entering the village chronicles.There are two main ways： one is “introducing ge nealogy into the Chronicles”，and the other is to add “villagers’ records”.In more than 30 years of exploration，the concept of “everyone entering the annals” implied in the “introduction of spectra into the annals” and the villagers’ records has become clearer and clearer，showing the color of public history.There are two ways of “quoting genealogy into Chronicles”，namely，CO compilation and Sub compilation，which can better highlight the attention of village chronicles to “people”.Villagers’ records can be divided into three types，taking into account the inside and outside of the village，local and immigrants.“Introducing genealogy into annals” makes the genealogy from the genealogy of one surname to the genealogy of the people，realizes everyone’s entry into annals，and enhances the humanity and readability of village annals，which should be vigorously advocated.

Key words：quoting genealogy into chronicles； villagers recording； everyone entering chronicles；public history

Paradigm Transformation and Era Value of Existential Culture CommunicationWang Youliang

（School of International Communication and Education，Communication University of Zhejiang，Hangzhou 310018）

（144）

Abstract：Existential culture is the mark and symbol of human survival and development，and the source and thrust of social generation and evolution.Existential culture has the dual attributes of static solidification and dynamic plasticity.It is not only the inherent symbolic culture of individuals，families，communities，organizations，enterprises，institutions，nationalities and countries in a certain period，but also the iterative development culture of primary and secondary alternation or strong and weak transformation between individual cultures or group cultures.The independence and unity between the old and new existential cultures the dialogue relationship of collision and integration constitutes the existing cultural communication mechanism.The communication of original existential culture is facing the paradigm transformation of deep integration with algorithmic video communication.The communication of mass existential culture is facing the paradigm transformation of coordinated development with distributed network cultural communication，and the old and new existential culture is turning to the paradigm of all media indepth development.The time value of existential culture communication lies in the organic integration of original elements and modern elements，mass elements and focus elements； the superposition and combination of disseminator and audience，linear thinking and nonlinear thinking； and the interaction and mixing of rational information，perceptual relationship information and algorithm scene information.

Key words：existential culture communication； Chinese culture； paradigm transformation； time value

Reading Classics：What，Why，How？

Zhao Wei

（School of Economics，Lanzhou University，Lanzhou 730030）

（152）