解答閱讀推斷題，三類信息須留意

陳霞

閱讀理解中的推斷題對(duì)不少考生來說是一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。筆者在研究近年高考英語全國卷真題時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)，留意以下三類信息，有助于解答閱讀理解推斷題。

一、中文解釋

閱讀中有中文標(biāo)注的詞通常是超綱詞，從出題者角度看，如果不重要可以刪除。既然沒有刪除且用中文標(biāo)注，可見對(duì)于句意理解非常重要。因此，有中文解釋的句子需特別注意。

（2019年全國Ⅰ卷B篇）Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸耀）about themselves.

26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaleys project is to ______.

A. help students see their own strengths

B. assess studentspublic speaking skills

C. prepare students for their future jobs

D. inspire studentslove for politics

解析：文中的中文解釋很顯眼，先讀這一句：他想要孩子們學(xué)會(huì)夸耀自己。正好是題目所問：這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的目的。因此選A。

二、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)

主要是指用于解釋說明的冒號(hào)或破折號(hào)。有冒號(hào)或破折號(hào)的句子很可能就是命題的題眼所在，需特別留意，準(zhǔn)確理解。

（2018年全國Ⅰ卷B篇）Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning， but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.

24. What do we know about Susanna Reid？

A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.

B. She has started a new programme.

C. She dislikes working early in the morning.

D. She has had a light budget for her family.

解析：先看有破折號(hào)的前后部分：但她在她最近的角色里在烹飪上露一手——向家庭展示怎樣在有限的預(yù)算下做出美味營養(yǎng)的食物。正好是考查的內(nèi)容：她開始了新項(xiàng)目，故選B項(xiàng)。

三、表明邏輯關(guān)系的詞

文中如果有表明邏輯關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞，如besides， therefore， so， but， however， for example， such as等，也要特別注意，特別是表示因果、轉(zhuǎn)折讓步、遞進(jìn)、總分等關(guān)系的詞。

（2020年全國Ⅰ卷B篇）There are three books I reread annually The first， ... is Emest Hemningways A Moveable Feast... Another is Annie Dillards Holy the Firm ... The third book is Julio Cortazars Save Twilight： Selected Poems， because poetry. And because Cortazar.

27. What can we infer about the author from the text？

A. He loves poetry.

B. Hes an editor.

C. Hes very ambitious.

D. He teaches reading.

解析：“他是編輯”“他有雄心壯志”“他教閱讀”在文中均無信息支撐，而根據(jù)“The third book is Julio Cortázars Save Twilight： selected poems， because poetry”中的because poetry （因?yàn)槭窃姼瑁┛芍髡呤怯捎谙矚g詩歌而喜歡這本書。故選A項(xiàng)。

責(zé)任編輯蔣小青