新聞報道的寫作策略

山東菏澤單縣第一中學(xué) 鄧 霞

◎情境呈現(xiàn)

（2020年山東卷）假定你是李華, 上周日你校舉辦了5公里越野賽跑活動。 請你為校英文報寫一篇報道, 內(nèi)容包括：

1. 參加人員；

2. 跑步路線：從校門口到南山腳下；

3. 活動反響。

注意：寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右。

A Cross-Country Running Race

◎?qū)懽鲗?dǎo)引

一、文體分析

今年的山東高考小作文一改往日的書信形式，出現(xiàn)了新聞報道，這使很多學(xué)生措手不及，主要是大家平時沒有練過這種文體。

新聞報道實際上是敘述類文本的一種，它以事實為依據(jù)，用簡明扼要的文字把發(fā)生的事件陳述、報道出來。在新聞報道中，主體時態(tài)應(yīng)為一般過去時。雖然新聞報道會因報道內(nèi)容的不同有不同的側(cè)重點，但在模式上還是有規(guī)律可循的，它們通常會采用“倒金字塔式”的結(jié)構(gòu)，把核心的信息放在導(dǎo)語中。 其結(jié)構(gòu)一般為：

1. 標(biāo)題：對新聞的概括、提煉或濃縮。

2. 導(dǎo)語：首段，往往是一句話，即全文的主題句（topic sentence），一般是點明事件（what）、時間（when）、地點（where）與人物（who）。 如果是一項活動，往往用in order to...說明目的。

3. 正文：詳細(xì)記敘事件的過程和細(xì)節(jié)的部分，是新聞報道的主體。 語言一般簡練、精確、易懂。

4. 尾段：談?wù)摶顒踊蚴录姆错憽⒃u價或意義。 但應(yīng)注意的是，對事件的評價一般不是由新聞報道人發(fā)出，而是引用第三方的觀點。

5. 落款或署名。 也可沒有。

寫作模板

活動類:標(biāo)題In order to enhance students' physical quality, our school organized a（n）_______(活動) at______(地點) on______(時間).First of all,________, and then________(活動介紹). Finally,______________.We benefited a lot. Not only did it_______， it also_______.What a（n）_________activity! We are in the hope that the school will carry out more similar activities in the future.導(dǎo)語→交代事件、時間、地點、人物和目的。正文→活動過程。結(jié)尾→活動的意義和反響。

二、素材搜索

本次寫作的話題屬于日?；顒印?與學(xué)生有關(guān)的日?；顒又饕▽W(xué)習(xí)、體育鍛煉、閱讀、寫作、校園賽事與師生交往等。 本次寫作屬于“體育鍛煉”的范圍。

1. 話題詞匯

meaningful 有意義的

race 賽跑

campus life 校園生活

go hiking 去遠(yuǎn)足

relax 放松

organize a cross-country running race 組織一次越野賽跑活動

nature自然

take photos 拍照

take part in 參加

participate in 參加

get first place 獲得第一名

set out/set off 出發(fā)

get together 聚集

feel tired/excited 感到疲倦/興奮

make it eight in the morning 把時間定在上午八點

arrive in/at 到達(dá)

build a positive attitude towards life 建立積極的生活態(tài)度

2. 寫作佳句

●活動目的和事件

（1）為了豐富我們的校園生活，上周日學(xué)校舉辦了一次5千米越野賽跑活動。

→In order to enrich our campus life, our school organized a 5 km cross-country running race last Sunday.

→With the intention of enriching our campus life, our school organized a 5 km cross-country running race last Sunday.

（2）為了增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的身體素質(zhì)，我們學(xué)校組織了一次“校園勞動周”活動。

In order to enhance students' physical quality, our school organized a “Campus Labor Week”activity.

（3）為了鼓勵學(xué)生們走進(jìn)自然，我們學(xué)校組織了一次登山活動。

In order to encourage the students to get close to nature, our school organized a mountain-climbing activity.

●活動內(nèi)容

（1）勞動周是5月15日至19日。 第一天有勞動技能課，我們從中受益匪淺。 修剪樹木和澆花很受高一學(xué)生歡迎。

It was held from May 15th to 19th in our school. Some lectures on labor skills were given on the first day, from which we benefited a lot. Cutting trees and watering flowers were attractive to Senior One.

（2）參加者9點從學(xué)校門口出發(fā)，穿過人民公園，最后到達(dá)南山腳下。

Participants set out at 9：00 am from the gate of the school, raced through the Renmin Park, and finally arrived at the foot of Nanshan Mountain.

（3）今天是5月10號，我們學(xué)校組織了一次郊游活動——爬大青山，這座山離我們學(xué)校大約50公里。

Today is May 10th, and our school organized an outing for us—climbing Daqing Mountain, which is about fifty kilometers away from our school.

（4）我們6點出發(fā)，花了4個多小時才到那兒。

We set off early at six in the morning and it took us more than four hours to get there.

（5）通常，我們上午進(jìn)行2個小時的活動，大約從8：00到10：00.

We generally have 2 hours of activities in the morning roughly from 8：00 to 10：00.

●活動的意義

（1）這項活動對我們很有益處。

The activity benefited us a lot./The activity was of great benefit to us./The activity was very beneficial to us.

（2）除了學(xué)到知識外，我們也學(xué)會了與別人合作，并且意識到了合作的重要性。

Apart from knowledge, we also learned to cooperate with each other and came to realize the importance of teamwork.

（3）這項活動不僅可以強(qiáng)身健體，而且增強(qiáng)了我們的勞動意識。

The activity not only built up our body, but also enhanced our awareness of labor.

（4）我們感覺到這項活動不僅促進(jìn)了我們的身心健康，而且?guī)椭覀儤淞⒘朔e極的人生態(tài)度。

We felt that not only did the event improve our physical and psychological quality, but it also helped us build a positive attitude towards life.

（5）毫無疑問，這項活動不僅能豐富我們的學(xué)校生活，而且為我們提供了學(xué)習(xí)更多日常實踐技能的機(jī)會。

Undoubtedly, not only can this event enrich our school life but also offer us opportunities to learn more daily practical skills!

（6）盡管很累，但我們深感自豪，因為我們所做的事情不僅僅給別人帶去了快樂，也豐富了自己的人生。

Tired as we were, we felt so proud, for what we did not only brought joy to others, but also enriched our own lives.

●結(jié)尾

希望我們學(xué)校今后多舉行這樣的活動。

→We are in the hope that our school will carry out more similar activities in the future.

→We do hope that our school will carry out more similar activities in the future.

3. 審題立意

文體 新聞報道——越野賽跑活動1. 參加人員2. 跑步路線：從校門口到南山腳下3. 活動反響時態(tài)運用 以一般過去時為主篇幅要求 80詞左右（有效區(qū)間為64～96詞）人稱使用 第一人稱寫作要點

◎參考范文

A Cross-Country Running Race

To enrich our campus life, our school organized a 5 km cross-country running race last Sunday.Ninety students from twenty classes participated in the race, among whom thirty were girls.Participants set out at 9：00 am from the gate of the school, raced through the Renmin Park, and finally reached the foot of Nanshan Mountain. After the race, we felt that not only did the event improve our physical and psychological quality,but it also helped us build a positive attitude towards life.

We do hope that more similar activities will be carried out in the future.

◎?qū)懽髟u估

15 items for self-checking for my writing Items 1. Was my style appropriate for writing a report?2. Did I employ a proper and clear structure to complete my report?3. Did I use a plain but concise language to cover the activity?4. Did I use appropriate and accurate language instead of exaggerated language to evaluate the event so that the report seems to be objective enough?Yes or no Why How to improve

（續(xù)表）

◎類文加練

新華中學(xué)近期組織了“校園勞動周”(Campus Labor Week)活動。 假定你是學(xué)校英語報記者，請就該活動寫一篇簡短的英文報道。 內(nèi)容包括:

1. 活動的時間與地點；

2. 活動的過程；

3. 活動感受。注意:

1. 詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。