摘 ?要:互聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)議第六版(IPv6)是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)升級演進的必然趨勢、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的重要方向、網(wǎng)絡(luò)強國建設(shè)的基礎(chǔ)支撐。近年來,我國政府加速推進IPv6發(fā)展。電子信息類等高校的園區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò),應(yīng)率先嘗試IPv6全鏈條、全業(yè)務(wù)、全場景部署,邊試點、邊總結(jié)、邊推廣,以點促面,整體提升IPv6規(guī)模部署和應(yīng)用水平。實驗?zāi)M典型的園區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò),在網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下仿真實現(xiàn)IPv6的各種通信方式,為未來的IPv6全網(wǎng)通信提供技術(shù)支撐。
關(guān)鍵詞:IPv6;規(guī)模部署;園區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)
中圖分類號:TP393 ? 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:2096-4706(2021)12-0090-04
Abstract: Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the inevitable trend of internet upgrading and evolution, an important direction of network technology innovation, and the basic support for the construction of a network powerful nation. In recent years, our government has accelerated the development of IPv6. The campus network of colleges such as electronic information colleges should take the lead in trying the full chain, full service and full scenario deployment of IPv6, pilot, summarize and promote at the same time, promoting the area with points, and improve the scale deployment and application level of IPv6 as a whole. The experiment simulates the typical campus networks, simulates and realizes various communication modes of IPv6 in the network environment, and provides technical support for the future IPv6 whole network communication.
Keywords: IPv6; scale deployment; campus network
0 ?引 ?言
2021年,我國加快推進互聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)議第六版(IPv6)規(guī)模部署和應(yīng)用工作,IPv6規(guī)模部署勢在必行。文中實驗旨在模擬在規(guī)模部署實施IPv6后,四川信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院等園區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中存在的多種選擇通信辦法:
(1)使用全IPv6。
(2)使用IPv6、IPv4雙棧網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
(3)使用傳統(tǒng)IPv4網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
而在具有相當(dāng)規(guī)模的IPv6網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境中,園區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)使用雙棧協(xié)議是較好的過渡方式,最終與大環(huán)境一起推行全網(wǎng)IPv6,但不能忽略有些網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點存在IPv4網(wǎng)絡(luò)。以四川信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院為例,有大部分業(yè)務(wù)無法切換到IPv6網(wǎng)絡(luò),還需探索這類網(wǎng)絡(luò)如何在全IPv6網(wǎng)絡(luò)中實現(xiàn)通信。此實驗旨在為處境相同的園區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)提供一種解決思路。
1 ?實驗簡介
在此次仿真實驗中,校區(qū)本部A使用純IPv6網(wǎng)絡(luò),分校區(qū)B使用IPv6、IPv4雙棧網(wǎng)絡(luò),云計算中心為滿足各類用戶需求使用IPv6、IPv4雙棧網(wǎng)絡(luò),校區(qū)本部訪問云計算中心即為全IPv6訪問,分校區(qū)訪問云計算中心為雙棧協(xié)議訪問或者通過隧道訪問。拓撲圖如圖1所示。
本部校區(qū)使用2001:250:2019::/48 IPv6地址,云計算中心使用2001:1::/32 IPv6地址,分校區(qū)使用2001:250:2021::/48 地址,分校區(qū)同時使用公網(wǎng)IP地址192.16.1.0/24。在SW3接入交換機下PC1、PC2模擬本部校區(qū)用戶區(qū)域,在SW6接入交換機下PC3模擬分校區(qū)用戶。各個區(qū)域IP地址表如表1所示。
實驗最終實現(xiàn)效果為,PC1通過IPv6訪問SW4上的IPv6網(wǎng)絡(luò),PC3通過IPv6網(wǎng)絡(luò)、IPv4網(wǎng)絡(luò)、IPv4隧道訪問SW4上的對應(yīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
2 ?配置實施
按照難易程度與通信需求,仿真實驗配置分為以下幾個步驟。
2.1 ?基礎(chǔ)配置
基礎(chǔ)信息配置屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)配置,包含接口IP、端口描述、接口開啟關(guān)閉等,篇幅所限,這里僅以R1、PC3為例寫出配置:
(1)R1基礎(chǔ)信息配置:
inter e0/0
des Con_To_SW4
ip add 126.8.139.1 255.255.255.252
ipv6 add 2001:1::1/64
no shut
exit
inter s1/0
des Con_To_R2
ip add 126.8.132.1 255.255.255.252
ipv6 add 2001:2:0:1::1/64
no shut
exit
inter s1/1
des Con_To_R3
ip add 126.8.133.1 255.255.255.252
ipv6 add 2001:2:0:2::1/64
no shut
exit
inter ?loop0
ip add 101.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
no shut
Exit
(2)PC3基礎(chǔ)信息配置:
hostname PC3
no ip routing
ip default-gateway ?192.16.1.1
int e0/0
no shut
ip add 192.16.1.2 255.255.255.0
ipv6 add 2001:250:2021:1001::2/64
2.2 ?本部校區(qū)OSPFv3配置
SW1配置OSPFv3:
ipv6 uni
router ospfv3 10
router-id 104.4.4.4
address-fa ipv6 unicast
redis bgp 104
exit
exit
int e1/0
ipv6 ospf 10 area 0
SW2配置OSPFv3:
ipv6 uni
router ospfv3 10
router-id 104.5.5.5
int e0/0
ipv6 ospf 10 area 0
exit
int vlan 10
ipv6 ospf 10 area 0
exit
int vlan 20
ipv6 ospf 10 area 0
2.3 ?BGP配置
R1 BGP配置:
router bgp 101
no bgp default ipv4
neighbor 2001:2:0:1::2 remote-as 102
neighbor 2001:2:0:2::2 remote-as 103
neighbor 126.8.132.2 remote-as 102
neighbor 126.8.133.2 remote-as 103
address-family ipv6
neighbor 2001:2:0:1::2 acti
neighbor 2001:2:0:2::2 acti
redistribute static(此處由于SW4與R1之間未運行路由協(xié)議,使用靜態(tài)路由,需要把靜態(tài)路由重分布到BGP中)
address-family ipv4
neighbor 126.8.132.2 acti
neighbor 126.8.133.2 acti
redistribute static
R2 BGP配置:
router bgp 102
no bgp default ipv4
neighbor 2001:2:0:1::1 remote-as 101
neighbor 2001:2:0:3::2 remote-as 103
neighbor 2001:2:0:4::2 remote-as 104
neighbor 2001:2:0:5::2 remote-as 105
neighbor 126.8.132.1 remote-as 101
neighbor 126.8.134.2 remote-as 103
neighbor 126.8.135.2 remote-as 104
neighbor 126.8.136.2 remote-as 105
address-family ipv6
neighbor 2001:2:0:1::1 activate
neighbor 2001:2:0:3::2 activate
neighbor 2001:2:0:4::2 activate
neighbor 2001:2:0:5::2 activate
address-family ipv4
neighbor 126.8.132.1 activate
neighbor 126.8.134.2 activate
neighbor 126.8.135.2 activate
neighbor 126.8.136.2 activate
R3 BGP配置:
router bgp 103
no bgp default ipv4-uni
neighbor 2001:2:0:2::1 remote-as 101
neighbor 2001:2:0:3::1 remote-as 102
neighbor 2001:2:0:6::2 remote-as 104
neighbor 2001:2:0:7::2 remote-as 105
neighbor 126.8.133.1 remote-as 101
neighbor 126.8.134.1 remote-as 102
neighbor 126.8.137.2 remote-as 104
neighbor 126.8.138.2 remote-as 105
address-family ipv6
neighbor 2001:2:0:2::1 activate
neighbor 2001:2:0:3::1 activate
neighbor 2001:2:0:6::2 activate
neighbor 2001:2:0:7::2 activate
address-family ipv4
neighbor 126.8.133.1 activate
neighbor 126.8.134.1 activate
neighbor 126.8.137.2 activate
neighbor 126.8.138.2 activate
SW1配置BGP:
router bgp 104
no bgp default ipv4
neighbor 2001:2:0:4::1 remote-as 102
neighbor 2001:2:0:6::1 remote-as 103
neighbor 126.8.135.1 remote-as 102
neighbor 126.8.137.1 remote-as 103
address-family ipv4
neighbor 126.8.135.1 acti
neighbor 126.8.137.1 acti
address-family ipv6
neighbor 2001:2:0:4::1 activate
neighbor 2001:2:0:6::1 activate
redistribute ospf 10 match internal external 1 external 2 include-connected
aggregate-address 2001:250:2019::/48 summary-only
SW5配置BGP:
router bgp 105
no bgp default ipv4
neighbor 2001:2:0:5::1 remote-as 102
neighbor 2001:2:0:7::1 remote-as 103
neighbor 126.8.136.1 remote-as 102
neighbor 126.8.138.1 remote-as 103
address-family ipv4
neighbor 126.8.136.1 acti
neighbor 126.8.138.1 acti
network 192.16.1.0
address-family ipv6
neighbor 2001:2:0:5::1 activate
neighbor 2001:2:0:7::1 activate
network 2001:250:2021:1001::/64
2.4 ?隧道、路由配置
SW4隧道、路由配置:
interface Tunnel5
ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
tunnel source 2001:1::2
tunnel mode gre ipv6
tunnel destination 2001:2:0:7::2
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 126.8.139.1
ip route 192.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 Tunnel5
ipv6 route ::/0 2001:1::1
SW5隧道、路由配置:
interface Tunnel5
ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.252
tunnel destination 2001:1::2
tunnel mode gre ipv6
tunnel source 2001:2:0:7::2
ip route 9.9.9.9 255.255.255.255 Tunnel5
R1路由配置:
ip route 8.8.8.8 255.255.255.255 126.8.139.2
ipv6 route 2001:1:1::/64 2001:1::2
3 ?現(xiàn)象測試
按照仿真實驗搭建之初擬定的幾個測試要求進行測試:
(1)PC1使用IPv6訪問SW4模擬的IPv6網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源,源地址為2001:250:2019:1001::2,經(jīng)過設(shè)備SW2-SW1-R2-R1后到達SW4上目的地址2001:1:1::1,結(jié)果如圖2所示。
(2)PC3使用IPv6訪問SW4模擬的IPv6網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源,源地址為2001:250:2021:1001::2,經(jīng)過設(shè)備SW5-R2-R1后到達SW4上目的地址2001:1:1::1,結(jié)果如圖3所示。
(3)PC3使用IPv4訪問SW4模擬的IPv4網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源,源地址為192.16.1.2,經(jīng)過設(shè)備SW5-R3-R1后到達SW4上目的地址8.8.8.8,結(jié)果如圖4所示。
(4)PC3使用IPv4地址經(jīng)過IPv6隧道訪問SW4 模擬的IPv4網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源,源地址為192.16.1.2,經(jīng)過設(shè)備SW5直接到達SW4上目的地址9.9.9.9,結(jié)果如圖5所示。
結(jié)果顯示:使用純IPv6網(wǎng)絡(luò)訪問IPv6網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源一切正常,在有雙棧協(xié)議的網(wǎng)絡(luò)上,IPv6與IPv4也可正常訪問,即使是全面部署IPv6后,也可通過隧道訪問IPv4網(wǎng)絡(luò)。按照仿真實驗結(jié)果在真實設(shè)備中寫入上面相關(guān)配置后,可實現(xiàn)對應(yīng)結(jié)果,證明仿真實驗部署IPv6園區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)具有可行性。
4 ?結(jié) ?論
從上述園區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模擬實驗中可以發(fā)現(xiàn):根據(jù)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)IPv6部署規(guī)模,園區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)訪問互聯(lián)網(wǎng)資源有多種方式可供選擇。現(xiàn)階段,較多的園區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)可使用現(xiàn)有設(shè)備選擇雙棧協(xié)議過渡,在當(dāng)前互聯(lián)網(wǎng)IPv6規(guī)模不足的情況下不影響網(wǎng)絡(luò)業(yè)務(wù)正常使用,在IPv6網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)模不斷增加的情形下,園區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)可由雙棧網(wǎng)絡(luò)逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槿獻Pv6網(wǎng)絡(luò),實現(xiàn)全IPv6網(wǎng)絡(luò)訪問。
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作者簡介:向陽(1991—),男,漢族,四川簡陽人,信息中心干事,助理工程師,理學(xué)學(xué)士,研究方向:網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全、網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化。