胡小媛 馮元勇 楊茜 高菲 王寧 項(xiàng)鋒鋼
[摘要] 目的 探討口腔鱗狀細(xì)胞癌(OSCC)組織視黃酸受體反應(yīng)蛋白(RARRES2)的表達(dá)及其與中性粒細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)密度的關(guān)系,并分析其與臨床病理特征及預(yù)后的關(guān)系。
方法 應(yīng)用免疫組織化學(xué)方法,檢測(cè)74例OSCC組織標(biāo)本及其對(duì)應(yīng)的癌旁正常組織中RARRES2表達(dá)和中性粒細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)情況,Spearman相關(guān)分析RARRES2表達(dá)和中性粒細(xì)胞密度之間的關(guān)系,Transwell實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)RARRES2對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞趨化能力的影響。應(yīng)用Mann-Whitney檢驗(yàn)分析RARRES2表達(dá)和中性粒細(xì)胞密度與臨床病理因素的關(guān)系,Kaplan-Meier法和Log-rank檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行生存分析,Cox回歸模型分析影響OSCC生存的危險(xiǎn)因素。
結(jié)果 免疫組織化學(xué)檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,OSCC組織RARRES2表達(dá)顯著高于癌旁組織(Z=-6.091,P<0.01),RARRES2高表達(dá)的OSCC組織區(qū)域中性粒細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)的密度高于RARRES2相對(duì)低表達(dá)的癌組織區(qū)域(U=433.5,P<0.05)。Transwell結(jié)果顯示,重組RAREES2對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞樣細(xì)胞有明顯趨化作用。Spearman相關(guān)分析顯示,RARRES2的表達(dá)和中性粒細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)呈正相關(guān)(r=0.309,P<0.05)。Mann-Whitney分析顯示,OSCC組織RARRES2高表達(dá)且中性粒細(xì)胞高密度與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移(Z=-4.789,P<0.01)、TNM分期(Z=-4.293,P<0.01)和腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)(Z=-2.578,P<0.01)相關(guān)。生存分析顯示,RARRES2高表達(dá)且中性粒細(xì)胞高密度的OSCC病人術(shù)后總體生存時(shí)間和無病生存時(shí)間更短(P=0.001~0.017)。Cox多因素回歸分析表明,RARRES2高表達(dá)且中性粒細(xì)胞高密度是影響OSCC病人術(shù)后總體生存時(shí)間和無病生存時(shí)間的獨(dú)立預(yù)后因素(P=0.031、0.003)。
結(jié)論 RARRES2高表達(dá)且中性粒細(xì)胞高密度提示OSCC病人預(yù)后不良,二者可作為判斷OSCC病人預(yù)后的潛在指標(biāo)。OSCC組織中RARRES2高表達(dá)可以趨化更多中性粒細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 視黃酸受體反應(yīng)蛋白;中性白細(xì)胞;頭頸部鱗狀細(xì)胞癌;預(yù)后
[中圖分類號(hào)] R365;R739.91
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼] A
[文章編號(hào)] 2096-5532(2021)06-0831-06
doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2021.57.200
[開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID)]
[網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版] https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/37.1517.R.20211230.1017.004.html;2021-12-30 14:22:45
CORRELATION BETWEEN RARRES2 EXPRESSION AND NEUTROPHIL INFILTRATION IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH PROGNOSIS
HU Xiaoyuan, FENG Yuanyong, YANG Qian, GAO Fei, WANG Ning, XIANG Fenggang
(Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China)
[ABSTRACT]Objective\To explore the correlation between the expression of retinoic acid receptor responder protein (RARRES2) and neutrophil infiltration density in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissue, and to analyze their relationship with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis.
Methods Immunohistochemical methods were used to determine RARRES2 expression and neutrophil infiltration in 74 OSCC tissue specimens and their corresponding normal paracancerous tissues, Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between RARRES2 expression and neutrophil density, and Transwell assay was used to determine the effect of RARRES2 on the chemotaxis of neutrophils. Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze the relationship of RARRES2 expression and neutrophil density with clinicopathological factors, the Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test were used for survival analysis, and the Cox regression model was used to analyze the risk factors affecting OSCC survival.
Results The immunohistochemical assay showed that the RARRES2 expression in the OSCC tissues was significantly higher than that in the paracancerous tissues (Z=-6.091,P<0.01) and the neutrophil infiltration density in the OSCC tissues with high RARRES2 expression was higher than that in cancerous tissues with relatively low RARRES2 expression (U=433.5,P<0.05). Transwell results showed that recombinant RAREES2 had a significant chemotactic effect on neutrophil-like cells. Spearman correlation analysis showed that RARRES2 expression was positively correlated with neutrophil infiltration (r=0.309,P<0.05). Mann-Whitney analysis showed that high RARRES2 expression and high neutrophil density were correlated with lymph node metastasis (Z=-4.789,P<0.01), TNM staging (Z=-4.293,P<0.01), and tumor recurrence (Z=-2.578,P<0.01).
The survival analysis showed that OSCC patients with high RARRES2 expression and high neutrophil density had significantlyshorter over-all survival time and disease-free survival time after surgery (P=0.001 to 0.017); the Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that high RARRES2 expression and high neutrophil density were independent prognostic factors influencing the overall survival time and disease-free survival time of OSCC patients after surgery (P=0.031,0.003).
Conclusion High RARRES2 expression and high neutrophil density indicate a poor prognosis of OSCC patients, both of which can be used as potential indicators for the prognosis of OSCC patients. High RARRES2 expression in the OSCC tissues can result in chemotaxis of increased neutrophil infiltration.
[KEY WORDS]retinoic acid receptor reactive protein; neutrophils; squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck; prognosis
頭頸部癌癥是全球第八大常見癌癥,該病病人的5年生存率為50%~60%[1-2]。口腔鱗狀細(xì)胞癌(OSCC)是頭頸部較常見的惡性腫瘤之一,其發(fā)生和發(fā)展的確切分子機(jī)制尚不明確。尋找影響其發(fā)生、發(fā)展及預(yù)后的腫瘤標(biāo)志物對(duì)OSCC靶向治療及預(yù)后有重要意義。腫瘤微環(huán)境中除包含癌細(xì)胞外,還包括免疫系統(tǒng)的細(xì)胞如中性粒細(xì)胞、巨噬細(xì)胞等[3]。最近的研究表明,中性粒細(xì)胞作為腫瘤微環(huán)境中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因子,在腫瘤的進(jìn)展過程中起重要的調(diào)節(jié)作用[4]。視黃酸受體反應(yīng)蛋白(RARRES2)也稱為chemerin,是趨化因子樣受體CMKLR1的配體[5]。RARRES2可以通過招募表達(dá)CMKLR1的免疫細(xì)胞趨化到淋巴器官和組織損傷部位,從而在免疫反應(yīng)中起重要作用[5-7],因此RARRES2可能在腫瘤免疫監(jiān)視中起重要作用。WEIGERT等[8]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),腸道炎癥病人血清中的RARRES2水平較健康對(duì)照組高,RARRES2在腸道炎癥中具有潛在的調(diào)節(jié)功能。還有研究顯示,RARRES2是非小細(xì)胞肺癌(NCLC)的生物標(biāo)志物,它在肺癌相關(guān)慢性炎癥到癌變過程中起著關(guān)鍵作用[9]。既往研究表明,RARRES2在OSCC高表達(dá)[10],OSCC組織中性粒細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)增加[11],這兩個(gè)因素都與OSCC病人臨床預(yù)后不良有關(guān)[10-11]。然而,關(guān)于RARRES2對(duì)腫瘤中性粒細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)影響的報(bào)道較少。本研究檢測(cè)OSCC組織中RARRES2的表達(dá)水平和中性粒細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)的密度,探討二者與OSCC病人臨床病理特征及生存預(yù)后的關(guān)系。
1 材料與方法
1.1 標(biāo)本收集
收集青島大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院口腔頜面外科2005—2010年手術(shù)切除的74例OSCC癌組織及其對(duì)應(yīng)的癌旁相對(duì)正常組織標(biāo)本。病人男51例,女23例,年齡32~86歲,平均(60.4±11.1)歲。所有病人均未接受化療、放療等抗腫瘤治療。所有手術(shù)切除標(biāo)本經(jīng)40 g/L甲醛溶液固定,石蠟包埋,4 μm厚連續(xù)切片,用于免疫組織化學(xué)檢測(cè)。由兩位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的病理醫(yī)師確診為OSCC。所有病人臨床病理資料完整。該研究得到了青島大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)的批準(zhǔn),并且符合赫爾辛基宣言要求。
1.2 主要試劑
人早幼粒血細(xì)胞(HL-60細(xì)胞)購(gòu)于中國(guó)科學(xué)院。RPMI-1640 培養(yǎng)基和胎牛血清(Gibco公司);重組人RARRES2抗體、RARRES2抗體(Abcam公司,美國(guó));全反式視黃酸(Sigma公司,美國(guó));CD15陽(yáng)性抗體、Polymer免疫組織化學(xué)雙染檢測(cè)試劑盒(北京中杉金橋生物技術(shù)有限公司)。
1.3 免疫組織化學(xué)雙染色及結(jié)果判定
全部組織標(biāo)本石蠟包埋,55 ℃陣列融合,4 μm厚連續(xù)切片,蘇木精-伊紅(HE)染色,復(fù)檢。使用Po-lymer雙染檢測(cè)試劑盒進(jìn)行染色:組織切片經(jīng)脫蠟和梯度乙醇水化后,加體積分?jǐn)?shù)0.03的H 2O 2滅活內(nèi)源酶;在95 ℃ EDTA緩沖液中加熱修復(fù)抗原,自然冷卻,水洗,加入RARRES2、CD15陽(yáng)性混合一抗4 ℃孵育過夜;磷酸鹽緩沖液(PBS)沖洗,加入二抗山羊抗兔抗體 37 ℃孵育30 min;PBS 沖洗后進(jìn)行DAB 顯色和GBI顯色,蘇木精復(fù)染,中性樹膠封片。 由兩位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的病理醫(yī)師在光鏡下雙盲閱片并判定結(jié)果。
免疫組織化學(xué)結(jié)果判定參照相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[11]:在400倍光鏡下觀察,細(xì)胞質(zhì)染色呈紅色或粉紅色為RARRES2陽(yáng)性表達(dá),中性粒細(xì)胞CD15陽(yáng)性染色呈棕黃色或棕褐色。①RARRES2染色強(qiáng)度評(píng)分:0分,無著色(-);1分,輕度染色(+);2分,中度染色();3分,重度染色()。陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞占比計(jì)分:0分(<5%),1分(5%~25%),2分(26%~50%),3分(51%~75%),4分(>75%)。免疫組織化學(xué)染色總分=染色強(qiáng)度得分+陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞占比得分,總分<4分為低表達(dá),≥4分為高表達(dá)。②CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞密度計(jì)算:在標(biāo)本組織區(qū)域(直徑1 mm)中計(jì)數(shù)血管外CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞的數(shù)量,重復(fù)3次,計(jì)算每例標(biāo)本的中性粒細(xì)胞數(shù)量平均值,最后算出74例OSCC組織的中性粒細(xì)胞數(shù)量的中位數(shù)。如果標(biāo)本的平均數(shù)大于中位數(shù),則為中性粒細(xì)胞高密度,否則為低密度。根據(jù)RARRES2表達(dá)和CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞密度,將組織標(biāo)本分為3組:RARRES2低表達(dá)且CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞低密度組(#1),RARRES2低表達(dá)且CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞高密度組或RARRES2高表達(dá)且CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞低密度組(#2),RARRES2高表達(dá)且CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞高密度組(#3)。
1.4 中性粒細(xì)胞樣細(xì)胞(dHL-60細(xì)胞)的培養(yǎng)以及分化
HL-60細(xì)胞用含體積分?jǐn)?shù)0.10胎牛血清高糖RPMI-1640培養(yǎng)基,置37 ℃、含體積分?jǐn)?shù)0.05 CO 2 的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱培養(yǎng),應(yīng)用1 μmol/ L全反式視黃酸誘導(dǎo)3 d,使HL-60細(xì)胞分化為dHL-60細(xì)胞。
1.5 Transwell實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞的趨化能力
將2×105個(gè)dHL-60細(xì)胞懸液接種在Transwell小室上室,以200 μL無血清培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng),下室為含有體積分?jǐn)?shù)0.15胎牛血清和不同濃度重組人RARRES2(20、50、100 μg/L)的培養(yǎng)基600 μL,對(duì)照組下室為含有體積分?jǐn)?shù)0.15胎牛血清的培養(yǎng)基。37 ℃孵育10 h后,使用細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)板對(duì)下室中的dHL-60細(xì)胞進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù),計(jì)算趨化指數(shù)。趨化指數(shù)=實(shí)驗(yàn)組的dHL-60細(xì)胞數(shù)/對(duì)照組的dHL-60細(xì)胞數(shù)×100%。
1.6 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 23.0軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料以例數(shù)和百分比表示,數(shù)據(jù)間比較采用Wilcoxon秩和檢驗(yàn)和Mann-Whitney檢驗(yàn)。應(yīng)用Spear-man相關(guān)分析RARRES2表達(dá)和CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞密度之間的關(guān)系,Mann-Whitney檢驗(yàn)分析RARRES2表達(dá)和CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞密度與臨床病理因素的關(guān)系,Kaplan-Meier 法和Log-rank檢驗(yàn)分析病人的生存時(shí)間和生存率,Cox回歸模型分析影響生存的危險(xiǎn)因素。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 OSCC組織CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)密度和RARRES2表達(dá)與臨床病理參數(shù)的關(guān)系
免疫組織化學(xué)雙染檢測(cè)顯示,OSCC組織中RARRES2高表達(dá)49例(66.22%),RARRES2低表達(dá)25例(33.78%);而癌旁正常組織中RARRES2高表達(dá)10例(13.51%),RARRES2低表達(dá)64例(86.49%)。在所有OSCC組織和癌旁正常組織樣本中,血管外CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞的數(shù)量為1~968個(gè),中位數(shù)為59.5;OSCC組織中高密度組38例(51.35%),低密度組36例(48.65%);癌旁正常組織中高密度組11例(14.86%),低密度組63例(85.14%)。OSCC組織RARRES2表達(dá)顯著高于癌旁組織(Z=-6.091,P<0.01);RARRES2高表達(dá)的OSCC組織區(qū)域CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)密度高于RARRES2相對(duì)低表達(dá)的癌組織區(qū)域(U=433.5,P<0.05);OSCC組織RARRES2高表達(dá)且CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞高密度與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移(Z=-4.789,P<0.01)、TNM分期(Z=-4.293,P<0.01)和腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)(Z=-2.578,P<0.01)相關(guān)。Spearman相關(guān)分析表明,RARRES2表達(dá)與CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞的浸潤(rùn)呈正相關(guān)(r=0.309,P<0.05)。見圖1和表1、2。
2.2 RARRES2表達(dá)和CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)與OSCC病人術(shù)后生存的關(guān)系
Kaplan-Meier分析表明,#1組、#2組、#3組平均總體生存時(shí)間分別為83.30、77.82和58.40個(gè)月,平均無病生存時(shí)間分別為83.30、76.38和46.66個(gè)月,#3組的總體和無病生存時(shí)間短于#1組、#2組(P=0.001~0.017),#2組的總體和無病生存時(shí)間與#1組相比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.474、0.382)。在TNM分期為Ⅲ/Ⅳ期病人中,#1組、#2組、#3組平均總體生存時(shí)間分別為73.12、66.50和54.65個(gè)月,平均無病生存時(shí)間分別為76.12、50.60和20.25個(gè)月,#3組的平均無病生存時(shí)間較#1組、#2組短(P=0.045、0.048),#2組的總體和無病生存時(shí)間與#1組相比較差異無顯著意義(P=0.135)。見圖2。
2.3 OSCC病人的獨(dú)立預(yù)后因素
Cox模型單因素分析結(jié)果顯示,影響OSCC病人總體和無病生存時(shí)間的因素有臨床分期(P=0.007、0.002)、RARRES2表達(dá)水平和CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞密度(表達(dá)和密度)(P=0.004、0.002)、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移(P=0.012、0.003)。將單因素分析顯示對(duì)生存預(yù)后有影響的因素納入多因素分析,結(jié)果顯示,RARRES2表達(dá)水平和CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞密度(P=0.031、0.003)是影響OSCC病人總體和無病生存時(shí)間的獨(dú)立預(yù)后因素。見表3、4。
2.4 RARRES2對(duì)dHL-60細(xì)胞趨化的影響
Transwell實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,0、20、50、100 μg/L RARRES2各組趨化指數(shù)分別為1.03、2.52、4.02、5.59,表明RARRES2可以濃度依賴性地趨化dHL-60細(xì)胞,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=335.994,P<0.001)。
3 討論
中性粒細(xì)胞參與機(jī)體的固有免疫應(yīng)答,為人體的第一道免疫防線。越來越多的證據(jù)表明,腫瘤相關(guān)的中性粒細(xì)胞(TANs)在腫瘤微環(huán)境中發(fā)揮重要作用,可通過合成和分泌相關(guān)細(xì)胞因子促進(jìn)腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和轉(zhuǎn)移[12]。RARRES2是一種新型的多功能脂肪因子,它在調(diào)節(jié)炎癥、脂肪代謝、血管生成、細(xì)胞增殖遷移和趨化作用中起著重要作用[13-16]。大量研究表明,RARRES2與腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展有關(guān),并可以用作腫瘤診斷的生物標(biāo)志物[17]。ERDOGAN等[18]研究顯示,結(jié)直腸癌病人的RARRES2表達(dá)明顯高于健康對(duì)照組,認(rèn)為其可作為結(jié)直腸癌診斷和預(yù)后生物標(biāo)志物。WANG等[19]研究顯示,高水平的循環(huán)RARRES2與胃癌侵襲性增加有關(guān)。然而,關(guān)于腫瘤中RARRES2的表達(dá)與中性粒細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)關(guān)系的研究報(bào)道較少。
本研究探討OSCC組織中RARRES2表達(dá)和中性粒細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)的相關(guān)性,并分析其與臨床病理特征及預(yù)后的關(guān)系。結(jié)果顯示,RARRES2高表達(dá)區(qū)域中性粒細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)增多,RARRES2表達(dá)與CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞密度呈正相關(guān)。提示OSCC組織RARRES2高表達(dá)可能與中性粒細(xì)胞的浸潤(rùn)有關(guān)。為了探討OSCC組織中RARRES2表達(dá)對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)影響機(jī)制,本研究應(yīng)用Transwell小室和HL-60細(xì)胞檢測(cè)了RARRES2對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞的趨化作用。由于人中性粒細(xì)胞的壽命較短,很難在體外培養(yǎng)這些細(xì)胞。為了建立穩(wěn)定可靠的細(xì)胞模型,本研究選擇了HL-60細(xì)胞株。該細(xì)胞系已被確定為研究炎癥和癌癥中性粒細(xì)胞活性和調(diào)節(jié)的模型[20-22]。本文結(jié)果顯示,重組RARRES2可以濃度依賴性地趨化dHL-60細(xì)胞。有研究表明,極化的中性粒細(xì)胞還可以通過產(chǎn)生促血管生成分子堿性成纖維細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)因子2來促進(jìn)小鼠胃腸道癌肝轉(zhuǎn)移模型中的血管生成和肝轉(zhuǎn)移性腫瘤生長(zhǎng)[23-24]。本研究結(jié)果還顯示,OSCC組織RARRES2高表達(dá)且CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞高密度與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、TNM分期和腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)有關(guān),而與性別、年齡、病理分級(jí)、腫瘤大小無關(guān),說明在淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、TNM分期高和腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)的病人中RARRES2的表達(dá)水平更高、中性粒細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)更多。提示RARRES2高表達(dá)且CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞高密度可能與OSCC的進(jìn)展密切相關(guān)。本研究Kaplan-Meier分析顯示,RARRES2高表達(dá)且CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞高密度OSCC病人的術(shù)后生存時(shí)間更短。此外,在TNM分期為Ⅲ/Ⅳ期的OSCC病人中,RARRES2高表達(dá)且CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞高密度組的無病生存時(shí)間更短;Cox多因素回歸分析顯示,RARRES2高表達(dá)且CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞高密度是影響OSCC病人術(shù)后總體生存時(shí)間和無病生存時(shí)間的獨(dú)立預(yù)后因素。以上結(jié)果表明,RARRES2高表達(dá)且CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞高密度與OSCC病人預(yù)后差密切相關(guān),RARRES2高表達(dá)且CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞高密度可能成為評(píng)價(jià)OSCC預(yù)后不良的一種有效指標(biāo)。
綜上所述,OSCC組織中RARRES2高表達(dá)且CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞高密度均與OSCC病人不良的臨床預(yù)后有關(guān)。RARRES2可能通過吸引更多的CD15陽(yáng)性中性粒細(xì)胞到達(dá)OSCC腫瘤部位來促進(jìn)OSCC的演進(jìn)和發(fā)展。
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(本文編輯 黃建鄉(xiāng))
青島大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)版)2021年6期