A History of the Olympic Winter Games in China 中國(guó)冬奧會(huì)之旅

青陽(yáng)

The XIII Olympic Winter Games took place in Lake Placid， New York， United States of America， in 1980， which were the first Olympic Winter Games that the Chinese Olympic Committee （COC） participated in after being reinstated its legal status in the International Olympic Committee （IOC） in 1979. The COC sent 28 athletes to take part in 18 events in Skating， Skiing and Biathlon. The Chinese athletes who participate in the Olympic Winter Games for the first time lagged behind and failed to make it to the top six.

It was the second Olympic Winter Games for the Chinese delegation， which sent 37 athletes to take part in 26 events. Chinese Taipei also sent 14 athletes to join this edition of the Games. It was the first time that athletes from two sides of the strait participated in the Olympics together. In the women’s Slalom event of Alpine Skiing， Chinese skiers Jin Xuefei and Wang Guizhen came out the 19th and 20th. The Chinese team accomplished its goal of broadening its vision and training.

The XV Olympic Winter Games took place in Calgary， Canada， in 1988. China only sent a 20-people delegation to compete in 3 events that would produce 18 gold medals， namely Speed Skating， Figure Skating and Cross-country Skiing. Chinese athlete Li Yan captured gold in Women’s 1，000m Short-Track Speed Skating Performance and bronze in 500m and 1，500m.

Chinese athletes won three silver medals， ranking the 15th in the medal table. It was also the first time that China broke its zero-medal record after 12 years of hard work since its initial participation in the Olympic Winter Games in 1980. 34 Chinese athletes took part in 34 events in Skiing， Skating and Biathlon， and finally won three silver medals， among them female skater Ye Qiaobo captured silver medals in 500m and 1，000m Speed Skating despite her injury.

The IOC voted in 1986 to decide holding the Olympic Winter Games two years after the Games of the Olympiad. To be in line with the decision， the XVII Olympic Winter Games took place in Lillehammer， Norway， in 1994， which were two years after the Olympic Winter Games in Albertville， France， 1992. They were the only two editions of the Olympic Games to be two years apart. China sent 27 athletes， among whom 19 were female， to take part in Speed Skating， Short-track Speed Skating， Figure Skating， Biathlon and Freestyle Skiing.

The XVIII Olympic Winter Games took place in Nagano， Japan， in 1998. The Chinese delegation participated in 4 sports， namely Skating， Ice Hockey， Skiing and Biathlon， and 40 events， including Short-track Speeding Skating， Speeding Skating， Women’s Ice Hockey， Figure Skating， Freestyle Skiing， Biathlon and Cross-country Skiing. The delegation achieved better results with 6 silver and 2 bronze. Although no gold medals were captured， the progress of the team was obvious to all.

The XIX Olympic Winter Games took place in Salt Lake City， Utah， United States， between 8-24 February 2002， with 78 events—10 more than the previous Nagano Games， which re-included Skeleton and added Women’s Bobsleigh， making it the edition with the most events in the history of the Olympic Winter Games. Chinese Short-track Speed Skater Yang Yang became the first Chinese athlete to win a gold medal at the Olympic Winter Games. The Chinese team acquired two gold， two silver and four bronze， ranking 13th in the medal table.

At the foot of the snow-capped Alps， the Olympic Flame for the XX Olympic Winter Games slowly went out. China sent 151 people， among whom 76 are athletes， including 36 and 40 male and female athletes. Although the team dropped a place， compared to the last Games， to be ranked the 14th， the overall medal count exceeded the pervious Games by 3， with a total of 11 medals comprising 2 gold， 4 silver and 5 bronze.

The Chinese team performed well at the XXI Olympic Winter Games in Vancouver， Canada， winning 11 medals， including 5 gold， 2 silver and 4 bronze. Wang Meng captured 3 gold in women’s 500m， 1，000m Short-track Speeding Skating and Relay. She also broke the world record to become the first Chinese athletes to have won three gold medals in a single edition of the Olympic Winter Games. The Chinese team therefore won all four gold from the Women’s Short-track Speed Skating.

The XXII Olympic Winter Games took place in Sochi， Russia， in 2014. The Chinese delegation won 3 gold， 4 silver and 2 bronze. When speed skater Zhang Hong captured the gold， she shattered the 34-year-old curse on the Chinese speed-skating team. Short-track speed skaters Li Jianrou and Zhou Yang also surprised fans and put behind them the injury of Wang Meng. Furthermore， eight of the Chinese medallists were born in the 90s， demonstrating the strength of the team in the future.

With 82 qualifying athletes， Team China competed in 55 events in five sports （12 disciplines） at PyeongChang 2018. The Games saw China make its Olympic debut in ski jumping Women’s K90 Individual （70M）， two-man and four-man bobsleigh， skeleton， women’s snowboard parallel giant slalom and freestyle skiing halfpipe. China collected 9 medals in five events： short track speed skating， figure skating， speed skating， freestyle aerials and snowboard halfpipe.

1980年，第13屆冬奧會(huì)在美國(guó)紐約州普萊西德湖舉行。這是中國(guó)奧委會(huì)自1979年恢復(fù)在國(guó)際奧委會(huì)合法席位后首次參與的冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)。中國(guó)奧委會(huì)派出28名運(yùn)動(dòng)員，參加了滑冰、滑雪和冬季兩項(xiàng)的18個(gè)單項(xiàng)比賽。首次參賽的中國(guó)選手落后于世界先進(jìn)水平，無(wú)人進(jìn)入前六名。

這是中國(guó)代表團(tuán)第二次參加冬奧會(huì)，共派出37名運(yùn)動(dòng)員參加了26個(gè)單項(xiàng)比賽。中國(guó)臺(tái)北隊(duì)也派出了14名運(yùn)動(dòng)員參加。這是海峽兩岸的運(yùn)動(dòng)員首次共同參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)。在高山滑雪女子小回轉(zhuǎn)比賽中，中國(guó)選手金雪飛和王桂珍分別名列第19和第20。中國(guó)隊(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了開(kāi)闊眼界和鍛煉隊(duì)伍的目標(biāo)。

1988年，第15屆冬奧會(huì)在加拿大卡爾加里舉行。中國(guó)僅派出20人的代表團(tuán)參加3個(gè)大項(xiàng)18塊金牌的角逐。這3個(gè)大項(xiàng)是速度滑冰、花樣滑冰和越野滑雪。中國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員李琰在女子短道速滑表演賽中奪得1000米的金牌、500米和1500米的銅牌。

中國(guó)選手共獲得銀牌3枚，在獎(jiǎng)牌榜上位列第15。這也是中國(guó)自1980年首次參加冬奧會(huì)以來(lái)，經(jīng)過(guò)12年的努力，終于實(shí)現(xiàn)了獎(jiǎng)牌“零的突破”。中國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員共有34人，參加了滑雪、滑冰和冬季兩項(xiàng)34個(gè)小項(xiàng)的比賽，最終贏得了3枚銀牌，其中女子速滑選手葉喬波帶傷上陣，奪得500米和1000米兩項(xiàng)的銀牌。

1986年，國(guó)際奧委會(huì)投票決定，將冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)放到夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)之后舉行，間隔兩年。為遵照這一決定，1992年法國(guó)阿爾貝維爾冬奧會(huì)結(jié)束兩年后，1994年在挪威利勒哈默爾舉行了第17屆冬奧會(huì)。這也是唯一間隔兩年舉辦的兩屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)。中國(guó)代表團(tuán)派出27名運(yùn)動(dòng)員（其中女選手19名）參加了速度滑冰、短道速滑、花樣滑冰、冬季兩項(xiàng)和自由式滑雪的比賽。

1998年，第18屆冬奧會(huì)在日本長(zhǎng)野舉行。中國(guó)代表團(tuán)參加了滑冰、冰球、滑雪和冬季兩項(xiàng)4個(gè)大項(xiàng)的比賽，包括短道速滑、速度滑冰、女子冰球、花樣滑冰、自由式滑雪、冬季兩項(xiàng)和越野滑雪共40個(gè)小項(xiàng)。中國(guó)代表團(tuán)取得了較好的成績(jī)，獲得6銀、2銅。雖然沒(méi)能奪得金牌，但中國(guó)隊(duì)的進(jìn)步有目共睹。

2002年2月8日至24日，第19屆冬奧會(huì)在美國(guó)猶他州鹽湖城舉行，共設(shè)78個(gè)小項(xiàng)的比賽，比上一屆長(zhǎng)野冬奧會(huì)多了10項(xiàng)，其中鋼架雪車重新入選，并新加了女子雪車項(xiàng)目，使得該屆冬奧會(huì)成為冬奧歷史上比賽項(xiàng)目最多的一屆。短道速滑運(yùn)動(dòng)員楊揚(yáng)成為第一位贏得冬奧會(huì)金牌的中國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員。中國(guó)隊(duì)總共獲得2金、2銀和4銅，位列獎(jiǎng)牌榜第13位。

在白雪覆蓋的阿爾卑斯山的山腳下，第20屆冬奧會(huì)的圣火漸漸熄滅。中國(guó)體育代表團(tuán)派出了151人的龐大隊(duì)伍，其中運(yùn)動(dòng)員76人，包括男運(yùn)動(dòng)員36名、女運(yùn)動(dòng)員40名。中國(guó)隊(duì)最終以2金、4銀和5銅的成績(jī)位列獎(jiǎng)牌榜第14位——雖然位次比上屆后退一位，但獎(jiǎng)牌總數(shù)比上屆多出3枚，達(dá)到11枚。

在第21屆加拿大溫哥華冬奧會(huì)上，中國(guó)隊(duì)發(fā)揮出色，獲得5金、2銀和4銅，共11枚獎(jiǎng)牌。王濛奪得短道速滑女子500米、1000米和接力3枚金牌。她還打破了世界紀(jì)錄，成為首個(gè)單屆冬奧會(huì)贏得3枚金牌的中國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員。中國(guó)隊(duì)也由此包攬了短道速滑女子項(xiàng)目全部4枚金牌。

2014年，第22屆冬奧會(huì)在俄羅斯索契舉行。中國(guó)代表團(tuán)共贏得3金、4銀和2銅。速滑運(yùn)動(dòng)員張虹奪得金牌，粉碎了中國(guó)速度滑冰隊(duì)34年的無(wú)金魔咒。短道速滑運(yùn)動(dòng)員李堅(jiān)柔和周洋也為冰迷帶來(lái)驚喜，一掃王濛受傷帶來(lái)的擔(dān)心。此外，有8名獎(jiǎng)牌獲得者是90后，顯示了團(tuán)隊(duì)未來(lái)的力量。

2018年平昌冬奧會(huì)，中國(guó)代表團(tuán)共有82名運(yùn)動(dòng)員參與5個(gè)大項(xiàng)、12個(gè)分項(xiàng)、55個(gè)小項(xiàng)的角逐，中國(guó)選手在跳臺(tái)滑雪女子標(biāo)準(zhǔn)臺(tái)、男子四人雪車、男子雙人雪車、男子鋼架雪車、單板滑雪女子平行大回轉(zhuǎn)和自由式滑雪男、女U型場(chǎng)地技巧共7個(gè)小項(xiàng)上第一次站上了冬奧賽場(chǎng)。最終斬獲的9塊獎(jiǎng)牌來(lái)自短道速滑、花樣滑冰、速度滑冰、自由式滑雪空中技巧、單板滑雪U型場(chǎng)地5個(gè)小項(xiàng)。

（英文選自北京2022年冬奧會(huì)和冬殘奧會(huì)組織委員會(huì)網(wǎng)站www.beijing2022.cn）