書面表達(dá)基本技巧

劉耀輝

寫作離不開句子，文章是由一個(gè)個(gè)活生生的句子組成的。要寫好一篇優(yōu)秀的書面表達(dá)，除了掌握一定的選詞技巧，還必須提高遣詞造句的能力，要掌握基本的句法和詞法，重要的是掌握句型。學(xué)會(huì)改寫課文中的重要句型，學(xué)會(huì)一句多種表達(dá)。

學(xué)習(xí)句型，首先要掌握英語的基本句型，其次要學(xué)會(huì)把這些基本句型轉(zhuǎn)換或擴(kuò)展成復(fù)雜一些的、適合高中生水平的句子。

一、基本句式

1. 主語+謂語+狀語（副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句）

They have arrived here.

We get up at 6 o'clock every day.

The meeting lasted 2 hours before it came to an end.

2. 主語+不及物動(dòng)詞+副詞

This kind of wine drinks well and sells well.

The cloth washes well.

3. 主語+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞

The film we saw yesterday is very interesting.

He was so tired that he fell asleep the moment he went to bed.

Your explanation sounds reasonable.

4. 主語+謂語+賓語

I want your promise.

Have your fixed my watch？

This factory produces 1，000 cars a week.

5. 主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語

He paid me a visit yesterday.

He wrote his family a letter yesterday.

6. 主語+謂語+賓語+to do

I will get someone to repair the recorder for you.

He invited me to teach at a well-known university.

7. 主語+謂語+賓語（不定式）

I can't afford to buy such a large house.

He feared to speak in the public.

在書面表達(dá)過程中，所寫的任何一個(gè)句子，必須屬于某一個(gè)基本句型。學(xué)習(xí)每一個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候，也一定要弄清楚該動(dòng)詞屬于哪一個(gè)基本句型。

二、句式的轉(zhuǎn)換和擴(kuò)展

句子的擴(kuò)展手段有如下幾種：

1. 在名詞前加修飾語：例如：Mr. Li is a teacher.可擴(kuò)展為：Mr. Li is an experienced English teacher.

2. 在名詞后加修飾語：Mr. Li is one of the experienced English teachers in our school.

3. 在動(dòng)詞前后加狀語：例如：He works in our school.可擴(kuò)展為：He has been working in our school for twenty years.

4.加各種短語：One of my best friends， Mr. Li is an experienced English teacher. / Having taught English for more than twenty years， Mr. Li is an experienced English teacher.

5.加各種從句：He works in a school that has a history of more than 80 years.

6.加并列分句：He works in a school and he devotes all his time to teaching and his students.

7. 通過改變語態(tài)：例如：The company can produce 100 mobile phones each day. 可擴(kuò)展為Each day 100 mobile phones can be produced in the company.

三、造句過程應(yīng)注意的問題

在造句的過程中，要做到語言簡練、準(zhǔn)確，還要注意和避免寫作過程中常出現(xiàn)的種種錯(cuò)誤。

1. 單詞拼寫、大小寫。

[誤] My father didn't go home untill he finished his work.

[正] My father didn't go home until he finished his work.

[誤] Last Sunday my parents and I went to people's park.

[正] Last Sunday my parents and I went to People's Park.

2. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。

[誤] My mother teaches in a middle school. She had been teaching for 20 years.

[正] My mother teaches in a middle school. She has been teaching for 20 years.

[誤] Unluckily， all the tickets for the football match have sold out.

[正] Unluckily， all the tickets for the football match have been sold out.

[誤] The cloth is felt soft.

[正] The cloth feels soft.

3. 主謂一致。

[誤] This kind of glasses sell well.

[正] This kind of glasses sells well.

[誤] He bought many books， which was written by Lu Xun.

[正] He bought many books， which were written by Lu Xun.

[誤] Not you but your father are to blame.

[正] Not you but your father is to blame.

4. 冠詞的正確使用。

[誤] Car is playing more and more important part in people's life.

[正] The car is playing a more and more important part in people's life.

[正] Cars are playing a more and more important part in people's life.

[誤] After a hour or so， the fire was put out.

[正] After an hour or so， the fire was put out.

5. 名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。

[誤] What a fine weather it is！

[正] What fine weather it is！

[誤] It is a great fun to swim in hot summer.

[正] It is great fun to swim in hot summer.

[誤] Young people are the future builder of our country.

[正] Young people are the future builders of our country.

6. 介詞的正確使用。

[誤] He gave us a lecture in February 2.

[正] He gave us a lecture on February 2.

[誤] At a Friday afternoon， we had some sports.

[正] On a Friday afternoon， we had some sports.

[誤] He will go there on bus.

[正] He will go there by bus.

7. 漢式英語句子。

[誤] Welcome you to China！

[正] Welcome to China！

[誤] I hope you to have a bright future.

[正] I hope （that） you will have a bright future.

[正] I wish / expect you to have a bright future.

8. 形容詞、副詞的正確使用。

[誤] It is a new-built building.

[正] It is a newly-built building.

[誤] A plane travels more faster than a train.

[正] A plane travels much faster than a train.

[誤] There is nothing serious wrong with the car.

[正] There is nothing seriously wrong with the car.

總之，通過連詞成句、句子轉(zhuǎn)換和擴(kuò)展等形式達(dá)到在運(yùn)用中使用各種句型，有助于造出正確、連貫、形式多樣的英語句子，為寫出優(yōu)秀的文章打下牢固的基礎(chǔ)。