短語動詞高頻考點(diǎn)聚焦

王秀鳳

【考點(diǎn)聚焦】

一、概念

短語動詞是指英語中有些動詞和其他詞類一起連用，構(gòu)成一個固定詞組，可看成一個整體，相當(dāng)于一個單獨(dú)的動詞，這種組合稱之為短語動詞。短語動詞的搭配可分為六種基本類型。

二、分類及用法

考點(diǎn)1：動詞+介詞

動詞與介詞構(gòu)成的短語相當(dāng)于一個及物動詞，其賓語位置比較固定，一般都位于介詞之后。常見的此類介詞有for， about， of， after， from， into， to， with， at等。

常見的這類短語有：wait for 等待;look after 照顧;look for 尋找;hear from 收到某人的來信;look at 看……;depend on 依靠;ask for 請求;詢問;agree with 同意;stand for 代表;pay for 付費(fèi);send for 派人去請;take after 像;hear of 聽說等。

考點(diǎn)2：動詞+副詞

這類短語動詞有的可用作及物動詞，有的可用作不及物動詞。當(dāng)用作及物動詞且其賓語是名詞時，該賓語可位于短語動詞之后，也可位于短語動詞之間;當(dāng)其賓語是代詞時，則該賓語只能置于短語動詞中間。常見的此類副詞有away， out， off， up， down， back， in， along等。

常見的這類短語有：cheer up 振奮起來;clean up 打掃干凈;put up 張貼;舉起;get up 起床;turn up 調(diào)大;make up 編造;stay up 熬夜;take up 開始做;set up 建立;cut up 切碎;fix up 修理;work out 算出;give out 分發(fā);give away 贈送;think over 仔細(xì)思考;turn over 把……翻過來;hand in 上交;start off 動身;come back 回來;get down 下來;hold on 等一下;別掛斷;look out 當(dāng)心;小心;get away逃離等。

考點(diǎn)3：動詞+副詞+介詞

這類短語相當(dāng)于一個及物動詞，所帶賓語總是位于介詞之后。

常見的這類短語有：get out of 離開，從……出來;come up with 想出;look forward to 盼望;catch up with 趕上;come up to 走近;go on with 繼續(xù);run out of 用光;耗盡;look down upon 瞧不起等。

考點(diǎn)4：動詞+名詞+介詞

這類短語相當(dāng)于一個及物動詞。名詞前可加形容詞說明程度，賓語總是位于介詞之后。

常見的這類短語有：have a look at 看一看;make friends with 與……交朋友;take care of 照顧;pay attention to 注意;take part in 參加;make use of 利用;take notice of 注意;make fun of 取笑等。

考點(diǎn)5：be+形容詞+介詞

這類短語也相當(dāng)于及物動詞，其后要跟賓語，賓語放在介詞后。

常見的這類短語有：be good at 擅長于……;be good with 對……有辦法;be interested in對……感興趣;be similar to 與……相像;be strict in / with 在……方面嚴(yán)格/對……嚴(yán)格;be familiar with 熟悉;be different from 與……不同;be full of 裝滿等。

考點(diǎn)6：動詞+名詞

常見的此類動詞有have， take， give， make等。

常見的這類短語有：have a rest 休息一下;take a walk 散步;make a wish 許愿;take a message捎個口信等。

【經(jīng)典試題】

1. My deskmate and I are going to ______ a talk show at the party to celebrate the 70th birthday of our motherland.

A. hand in?????????????????? B. put on

C. take out??? ???????????????? D. go on with

【解析】考查短語動詞的詞義辨析：hand in 上交;put on 上演;穿上;增重;take out 帶出去;go on with 繼續(xù)。題意為 “我的同桌和我打算上演一個談話節(jié)目來慶祝祖國的70 周年誕辰”，故選 B。

2. —Shall we go to the airport to ______ your sister？

—I dont think its necessary. She will come here by taxi.

A. see off??????????????????? B. pick up

C. look after????????????? D. come across

【解析】句意：——我們?nèi)C(jī)場接你的姐姐，好嗎？——我想這沒有必要，她會乘出租車來這里。see off為某人送行;pick up拾起;接某人;look after照顧;come across偶然遇見。根據(jù)She will come here by taxi. 可知，這里表示“去機(jī)場接……”，故選B。

3. Theyll succeed in working out the problem because they never ______.

A. wake up???????????????? B. give up

C. look up?????????????????? D. make up

【解析】 句意：他們會成功地解決這個問題，因?yàn)樗麄儚臎]放棄?？疾槎陶Z動詞辨析。wake up 醒來;give up 放棄;look up 查找;make up 編造。because“因?yàn)椤保碓?，根?jù)Theyll succeed in working out the problem可知A、C、D三項(xiàng)意思都不合句意，故選B。

4. Dont forget to ______ the lights when they are not in use！

A. turn over?????????????? B. turn off

C. turn up?????????????????? D. turn on

【解析】 句意“當(dāng)你不使用燈時，不要忘記關(guān)掉它們”。turn over 移交;turn off 關(guān)閉;turn up 出現(xiàn);turn on 打開。根據(jù)句意可知，不用燈時要關(guān)燈，故選B。

【拓展】 與turn有關(guān)的短語：turn down 調(diào)低（音量等）;turn up 調(diào)高（音量等）;turn off 關(guān)閉;turn on 打開;turn around 轉(zhuǎn)身;turn over 翻轉(zhuǎn);turn left 左轉(zhuǎn);turn right 右轉(zhuǎn);turn out 結(jié)果是

5. Those young firemen were brave enough to ______ the fire in the forest.

A. work out??????????????? B. put out

C. hand out??????????????? D. look out

【解析】 句意：那些年輕的消防隊(duì)員足夠勇敢地?fù)錅缌松种械拇蠡?。work out 解出，算出;put out 熄滅;hand out 上交;look out 小心。根據(jù)句意可知是撲滅大火。故選B。

【牛刀小試】

1. The English Speech Competition ______ the best in her. As a result， she is more active now.

A. checked out????????? B. tried out

C. left out?????????????????? D. brought out

2. Would you please ______ the light？ I cant sleep well with it on.

A. turn on?????????????????? B. turn off

C. turn to????????? D. turn around

3. All the members decided to ______ the money from the book sale to homeless people.

A. give up?????????????????? B. give away

C. take up????????????????? D. take away

4. Miss Lee likes ______. She tells everyone that she has got a new car.

A. coming out?????????? B. showing off

C. turning out?????????? D. taking off

5. On the first day of Chinese New Year， we ______ new clothes and visit people.

A. pick up??? ????????? B. put on

C. take off?????? ? D. throw away