健康教育對(duì)于傳染科肝病傳染的預(yù)防效果分析

劉金玲 董秋玉

[摘要] 目的 探討健康教育對(duì)于傳染科肝病傳染的預(yù)防效果。方法 選取2018年1—12月期間收入該院傳染科治療的98例乙型肝炎患者家屬為研究對(duì)象，均分為對(duì)照組（n=49）、觀察組（n=49），對(duì)照組實(shí)施常規(guī)管理方式，觀察組在對(duì)照組的基礎(chǔ)上加以健康教育，對(duì)比兩組家屬被感染的發(fā)生幾率及護(hù)理滿意度。結(jié)果 觀察組發(fā)生感染幾率為2.04%，對(duì)照組發(fā)生感染幾率為14.28%，組間比較，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05）。且觀察組對(duì)臨床護(hù)士的服務(wù)態(tài)度、技術(shù)水平、護(hù)理質(zhì)量評(píng)分分別為（85.21±7.25）分、（84.29±6.39）分、（82.65±7.11）分，均高于對(duì)照組服務(wù)態(tài)度、技術(shù)水平、護(hù)理質(zhì)量評(píng)分[（74.39±5.36）分、（75.87±6.54）分、（75.21±7.01）分]，組間比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05）。結(jié)論 通過(guò)對(duì)傳染肝病患者家屬實(shí)施健康教育可有效降低家屬發(fā)生感染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，且提高護(hù)理滿意度，值得臨床借鑒。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 健康教育;傳染科;預(yù)防效果;護(hù)理管理;感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

[中圖分類號(hào)] R47 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1672-5654（2020）07（a）-0018-03

[Abstract] Objective To explore the effect of health education on the prevention of liver disease infection in infectious diseases. Methods The families of 98 patients with hepatitis B who were admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases in the hospital from January to December 2018 were selected as an example. They were divided into a control group（n=49） and an observation group（n=49）. The control group implemented routine management methods， and the observation group received health education on the basis of the control group， comparing the incidence of infection and nursing satisfaction among the families of the two groups. Results The incidence of infection in the observation group was 2.04%， which in the control group was 14.28%. There was statistically significant difference between the groups（P<0.05）. And the observation group's service attitude， technical level， and nursing quality scores for clinical nurses were （85.21±7.25）points， （84.29±6.39）points， （82.65±7.11）points， which were higher than those of the control group of （74.39±5.36）points， （75.87±6.54）points， （75.21±7.01）points， compared between groups， the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion Health education for the family members of patients with infectious liver disease can effectively reduce the risk of infections of family members and improve nursing satisfaction， which is worthy of clinical reference.

[Key words] Health education; Infectious diseases; Preventive effect; Nursing management; Infection risk

乙型肝炎是由乙型肝炎病毒引起肝臟器質(zhì)性病變的傳染性極強(qiáng)類疾病。其臨床表現(xiàn)為食欲不振、惡心、腹部不適、肝區(qū)疼痛等。大部分患者伴有黃疸、發(fā)熱，嚴(yán)重者可發(fā)展為肝硬化，甚至引發(fā)肝癌，嚴(yán)重威脅患者的生命安全[1]。乙型肝炎的主要傳播途徑為血液、體液傳播。在住院期間，除醫(yī)務(wù)工作者以外，其家屬與患者的日常生活密切相關(guān)，而由于家屬對(duì)于該疾病治療了解較為缺乏，并且安全防范意識(shí)較差，導(dǎo)致被患者傳染的幾率居高不下[2]。因此，對(duì)患者家屬實(shí)施有效的健康教育顯得尤為重要。該研究以該院于2018年1—12月收治的98例2型肝炎患者家屬為對(duì)象，就健康教育對(duì)患者家屬預(yù)防感染的應(yīng)用價(jià)值進(jìn)行深入探究，現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1 ?資料與方法

1.1 ?一般資料

選取收入該院治療的98例患者的家屬為研究對(duì)象，均分為對(duì)照組（n=49）、觀察組（n=49）。對(duì)照組男性31例，女性18例;年齡25～56歲，平均年齡（34.12±4.35）歲;患者病程3個(gè)月～5年，平均病程（3.02±1.45）年。觀察組男性27例，女性22例;年齡27～58歲，平均年齡（35.41±5.14）歲;患者病程5個(gè)月～6年，平均病程（4.13±1.54）年。對(duì)比兩組患者家屬性別、年齡等一般資料差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P>0.05）。以上研究對(duì)象以及家屬均知情且簽署了知情同意書，并且獲得了倫理委員會(huì)的批準(zhǔn)。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：①以上研究對(duì)象均與乙型肝炎患者在生活中有密切接觸者;②研究對(duì)象均經(jīng)過(guò)臨床檢查，其指標(biāo)在正常值范圍內(nèi)（乙肝病毒標(biāo)志物HBsAg為陰性）。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：①乙型肝炎病毒感染者;②認(rèn)知功能不全者;③依從性較差者;④認(rèn)知功能和精神功能異常，無(wú)法配合研究者。